Unit 6 – Adjustment and Breakdown Stress and Health.
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Transcript of Unit 6 – Adjustment and Breakdown Stress and Health.
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Unit 6 – Adjustment and Breakdown
Stress and Health
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Sources of Stress
What is stress? Event, response, or perception of a
situation that causes conflict Person’s reaction to their inability to cope
with a certain tense event or conflict
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Sources of Stress
Components of stress: Stress-causing event or situation = stressor Stress reaction – often negative
From acute anxiety or pressure = distress ?? (harassment, mugging, illness, breakup…)
Always bad? From motivating challenges = eustress ?? (precompetition nerves, stage jitters…)
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Sources of Stress
Conflict situations: Must choose between two or more options with
conflicting motives…examples ?? 4 different types:
1. Both good = approach-approach ?? (accepted to 2 colleges, concert or ballgame, invited to
2 parties…)
2. Both bad = avoidance-avoidance ?? (study physics or math, study or do chores, bad job or
no job…)
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Sources of Stress
3. One good one bad = approach-avoidance ?? (ask for raise – get raise or get fired, ask for
date – get date or get rejected, ask parents to go out – yes or no…)
4. Multiple options with good and bad = double approach-avoidance ??
(2 vacation choices, aggressive or conservative golf shots…)
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Sources of Stress
Why do some people view a situation as stressful but others don’t?
Level of stress you feel depends on how you appraise the situation
Immediate evaluation of a situation = primary appraisal
Deciding how to deal / cope with the situation = secondary appraisal
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Sources of Stress
Environmental ?? noise, crowding…
Life changes ?? teenage issues… SRRS
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Male participants rated on scale of 1-100.Concerns: one stressor creates / compounds another scale doesn’t assess ongoing stressors (poverty, racism etc.)
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Sources of Stress
Hassles - relatively minor, day-to-day events, gradually weaken body’s defense system ??
slow traffic, lose keys, forget homework… Uplifts – small, positive events
doing well on test, winning match, nice visit with a friend…
wellness ws.htm
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Reactions to Stress
How do people react? (Physical, behavioral, psychological)
We are holistic organisms Mind over matter Will to live
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Reactions to Stress
Hans Selye – identified 3 stages in the body’s stress reaction General Adaptation Syndrome
1. Alarm – fight or flight, heartrate & breathing faster, more alert, muscles tense, pupils dilate
2. Resistance – find means of coping with stressor, may develop psychosomatic symptoms (real physical symptoms caused by stress & tension)
3. Exhaustion – adrenaline depleted, disorientation, delusions
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Reactions to Stress
Types of reactions?? Emotional Cognitive Behavioral Physical
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Reactions to Stress
Emotional: Anxiety – vague, generalized
apprehension or feeling of danger (most common response to sudden & powerful stressor)
Anger – irate reaction to frustration Fear – real or imagined danger Overreacting to minor irritations, self
doubt, tension, short temper
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Reactions to Stress
Cognitive: Difficulty concentrating, thinking Recurring thoughts, worry Poor decision making Unjustified suspicion, distrust Continued frustration - burnout
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Reactions to Stress
Behavioral: Nervous habits (pacing, trembling) Gulp meals Smoke, drink, take drugs Become lethargic, aggressive Lose interest in eating, grooming Escape, unemployment
Not all bad - heroism, cooperation
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Reactions to Stress
Physical: Psychosomatic - real physical symptoms caused
by stress and tension?? (headaches, stomachaches, muscle pain,
insomnia, migraines, sweating, dry mouth) (urinary / bowel trouble, ulcers, hypertension,
arthritis, asthma, heart disease) (indirect contribution to illness - tampers with
immune system)
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Reactions to Stress
What factors influence individual reactions? Personality
Type A – irritable, impatient, hostile, extremely competitive, eat/move fast – impact on health??
(constant adrenaline flow, coronary artery disease, heart attacks)
Type B – relaxed, patient, better coronary health Emotional expressiveness (don’t express – cancer
risk) Perceived control Social support
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Coping with Stress
How do we decide how to cope with stressors?
(cognitive appraisal-> interpretation of event -> stress impact)
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Coping with Stress
If threatened, how might we cope? Defensive coping strategies ??
3 groups see gruesome film, one told nothing one told events not real – denial = decide
event isn’t a stressor one told film is educational, importance of
safety – intellectualization = emotionally detached viewpoint, block out feelings
control group had higher stress levels
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Coping with Stress
If challenged, how might we cope? Active coping strategies ??
hardiness = belief we can control out situation, commitment to establish and pursue goals, and view situation as a challenge
control – escape, withdraw, manage timing problem solving – rational analysis explanatory style – style of thinking:
Optimist = puts best face on any set of events Pessimist = always sees the dark side
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Coping with Stress
progressive relaxation meditation biofeedback humor to release pent up feelings and
maintain perspective exercise support groups, professional help training improving interpersonal skills
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Stress in Your Life
Adjusting to college, work force College shock – people from diverse backgrounds, challenges
high school identity Autonomy = taking care of yourself & making decisions Developmental friendships = close relationships that force friends
to reexamine ideas and beliefs (Madison – this & student culture have more impact than professors)
Resynthesis = combining old ideas with new ones, reorganizing feelings, renew identity
Comparable worth = concept that men & women should receive equal pay for jobs with comparable skill and responsibility
Work satisfaction – coworker relationships, challenge, comfort