Unit 6The Child from Seven to Twelve

Chapter 16Physical Development from Seven to Twelve

Describe the two significant stages that occur between ages seven and twelve

Explain why children’s motor skills improve between the ages of seven and twelve

List the nine topics in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Identify five areas that continue to overall physical health and wellness

Chapter 16 Objectives

Chapter 16.1Growth and Development from Seven to Twelve

Slower rate of growth than experienced as preschoolers, toddlers, and infants

A growth spurt occurs when a child grows very rapidly in a short period of time◦ The average rate of growth increases during the

preteen years Puberty is the set of changes that result in a

physically mature body that is able to reproduce◦ Girls tend to go through puberty a bit earlier than

boys

Height and Weight

Boys have a larger average gain in height between the ages of 12 and 14 when they go through puberty

Growth takes place in different parts of the body at different times◦ The hands and feet are the first to grow◦ The arms and legs are next◦ The torso is last

If some areas grow faster than others, a child can look disproportionate which may cause embarrassment

Height and Weight

Boys and girls gain an average of 6-1/2 pounds each year during middle childhood◦ Increases to about 10-1/2 pounds during preteen

years in boys and 9-1/2 pounds for girls Puberty occurs in boys about 2 years later

than girls Heredity is the most influential factor in

determining a child’s final height◦ Nutrition is also an important factor during these

years

Height and Weight

As 7 to 12 year olds grow their proportion changes◦ Legs lengthen

Adds height and brings the head more in proportion to the body

◦ Stronger muscles and greater muscle tone in legs, arms, and torso

◦ Balance and coordination improves

Proportion and Posture

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, affecting posture

Can be treated with exercise, a brace, or surgery

Causes Idiopathic (unknown

cause)- 80% of cases Neuromuscular

conditions- 20% of cases (Muscular Dystrophy or Cerebral Palsy)

Congenital- present at birth

Leg length- one leg higher

Other- bad posture, backpacks, exercise

Scoliosis

Body image refers to how a person thinks his or her body looks◦ Children typically are self-conscious about the

changing shape of their bodies Preteens may experience an unhealthy

preoccupation with food and thinness◦ An eating disorder is a serious pattern of

overeating or restrictive eating◦ Devastating effects on the body ◦ Can lead to death

Body Image

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

An intense fear of weight gain

Distinguished by starvation techniques and severe weight loss

Symptoms can include:◦ Fatigue◦ Dizziness◦ Refusal to eat◦ Excessive exercise

Involves periods of out-of-control eating followed by purging the body of food often through vomiting

Symptoms can include:◦ Fatigue◦ Scars on hands◦ Laxative use◦ Going to the bathroom

during or after meals

Eating Disorders

Binge Eating

Periods of highly excessive eating, followed by weight gain

Symptoms can include:◦ Eating to the point of

pain◦ Frequent dieting without

weight loss◦ Hiding food

Occurs between the ages of nine and sixteen

Researchers believe that the start of puberty is related to heredity as well as nutritional and environmental factors

Puberty starts at about age 10 for girls◦ 11 or 12 for boys

The pituitary gland found in the brain, begins sending out hormones that cause the number of changes in the body

Puberty

Facial hair begins to appear The voice deepens

◦ Sometimes this process does not happen smoothly. The voice may crack or change tones quickly

◦ This is due to the growth of the larynx and vocal cords

Shoulders broaden Muscles grow larger

Body Changes- Boys

Girls experience more profound changes during puberty◦ Breasts begin to develop and enlarge◦ Waist narrows◦ Hips widen◦ Sexual organs develop and become capable of

releasing mature eggs Menstruation is the monthly cycle in which an egg is

released and the uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy May be irregular at first and not occur every month

Body Changes- Girls

Around age 12, a second set of molars emerges behind your 4 year old molars

A 3rd set of molars, wisdom teeth, appear between the ages of 17 and 21

Permanent Teeth

As the body matures, most children experience the following:◦ Greater muscle strength◦ Faster reaction time for responding to a stimulus◦ Improved precision in activities such as balancing

and aiming◦ Greater speed◦ Increased flexibility for bending and stretching◦ Hand-eye coordination improves

Team sports are popular during this age group

Motor Skills

Create a list of similarities and differences in the ways boys and girls mature between the ages of seven and twelve

Assignment

Chapter 16.2Caring for Children from Seven to Twelve

Get enough nutrients within your calorie needs Maintain a healthy weight Be physically active every day Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk

◦ Fiber is an indigestible plant material that helps the digestive system work properly

◦ Contain essential vitamins and minerals for developing bodies, body systems, and bones

Limit fats and cholesterol Be choosy about carbohydrate foods Reduce sodium and increase potassium Avoid alcoholic beverages Keep food safe

Dietary Guidelines

Guide for healthy eating and active living

Developed by the USDA

By entering your age, weight, activity level, the MyPyramid program will develop a plan just for you!

MyPyramid

As children become more independent they begin to make choices about the food they eat

Peers and the media influence these choices Despite outside influences, family is still the

primary influence on a child◦ Model good eating behavior

Eat meals together Offer healthy choices Be prepared (keep the kitchen stocked) Make treats special by limiting them Control portions Serve dairy daily

Making Healthy Choices

Provides the vital fuel that people need to begin the day

Researchers have found that children that eat breakfast have a greater ability for learning and participation

Skipping breakfast can cause fatigue, headaches, restless behavior

Healthy Breakfast:◦ 2 servings of grains◦ 1 serving of dairy◦ 1 serving of fruit

Starting the Day Right- Breakfast

Children today are less likely to walk or ride a bike to school than their parents

Sedentary activity is an activity that involves little exercise ◦ Watching TV◦ Playing video games

Parents and caregivers make the best role models for healthy living by limiting their own TV viewing◦ Promote physical activity and fitness

Look for developmentally appropriate activities Children need 1 hour of physical activity a day

Physical Health and Wellness- Physical Fitness

Physical Health and Wellness

Sleep Teeth

Getting to bed on time can be a challenge

Experts recommend enforcing a bedtime for school-age children

The National Sleep Foundation recommends children at this age get 10 to 11 hours of sleep at night

Dental check-ups and cleanings once a year

Brush teeth twice daily and floss after every meal

Orthodontist is a dental specialist who concentrates on fixing irregularities of the teeth

7 to 10 year olds are often not concerned about good hygiene

To prevent battles over bathing, there are several things parents can do:◦ Focus on the essentials

Washing hands before eating and after using the bathroom◦ Give choices when possible

Choice in shampoo, showering or baths, etc.◦ Send positive messages

Comment on how refreshing a shower is or relaxing a bath is Interest in personal hygiene changes around age 10

because of puberty and the body producing extra oils and body odor

Personal Hygiene

List 2 ways you can share what you have learned about healthy eating with your families at home

Assignment