Unit 5: Electromagnetism. Day 1: Faraday’s Law of Induction Objectives: Induced EMF...
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Transcript of Unit 5: Electromagnetism. Day 1: Faraday’s Law of Induction Objectives: Induced EMF...
Unit 5: Electromagnetism
Day 1: Faraday’s Law of Induction
Objectives:
• Induced EMF• Electromagnetic Induction• Magnetic Flux• Faraday’s law of Induction• Lenz’s Law & it’s Applications
Induced EMF
• Michael Faraday built a circuit that would produce a current in a secondary winding of a transformer by allowing a current to flow through the primary winding. The result was a magnetic field produced in the primary winding
• The core intensified the magnetic field which produced a current spike in the secondary winding
• Faraday concluded that the changing magnetic field through the primary coil is what was responsible for the current pulse in the secondary
• The current pulse in the secondary coil is called the induced current
• If the output current fed a load resistor R, then the induced voltage would be E=IR, called the induced EMF
• These experiments led to the development of Faraday’s theories of Electromagnetic Induction
• Further experiments doing the opposite, yielded similar results
• Moving a magnet through a coil also produces a current pulse in a wire. Again, Faraday concluded that it was due to the change in magnetic field that caused the current pulse
Magnetic Flux• Out of Faraday’s investigations, the development of the
concept of magnetic flux developed (similar to electric flux)
for any surface A, made of infinitely small segments dA, of arbitrary shape:
cosBAABB
dABABB
Magnetic Flux
• The number of flux lines per unit area is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field
• In a loop or coil of wire, the number of B-Field lines passing through or are enclosed by the loop, is the magnetic flux
dABABB
)(11
)(:2
2
WbWeberTm
mTsquaredmeterTeslaunitsSIB
Faraday’s Law of Induction• Faraday identified that it was the change in the magnetic
field in a coil, that induced an EMF in the circuit (coil)
• This is Faraday’s Law of Induction• If more than one loop is in the coil, then the induced EMF
is:
• Note: • The induced current in the circuit will therefore be:
where R = the resistance of the coil of wire
dt
d B
dt
dN B
dABorAdBeitherd B
RI
Lenz’s Law• The negative sign in Faraday’s Law in Induction is an
indication of the direction of the induced EMF.
• The current produced by the induced EMF moves in a direction so that the magnetic field created by the induced current, opposes the original change in flux
This is Lenz’s Law
Explanation of Lenz’s Law1. Given a closed conducting loop with B-Field flux lines through the loop
2. Determine whether the magnetic flux is increasing or decreasing. This will determine the direction of the conventional induced current
3. The induced current produces (or induces) a magnetic field which opposes the original externally applied magnetic field direction
Explanation of Lenz’s Law
4. Use the RHR to determine the direction of the induced current & induced EMF from the induced magnetic field
Example: Pulling a Coil Through a Magnetic Field
Nm
J
d
U
d
WF
JsAtRIU
clockwiseAV
RI
Vs
W
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tWbmTBAdAB
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B
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1.0
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