Unit 4. The U.S. is the #1 consumer of drugs, 75% of the world’s drugs end up here. The U.S. is...
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Transcript of Unit 4. The U.S. is the #1 consumer of drugs, 75% of the world’s drugs end up here. The U.S. is...
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Substance Use & Abuse
Unit 4
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Substance Abuse The U.S. is the #1 consumer of
drugs, 75% of the world’s drugs end up here.
America’s Favorite Drug is ALCOHOL!
Drug: any substance that alters bodily functions
Drugs act on the body by stimulating or depressing cellular activity.
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Substance Abuse- Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs- Designed to alter
consciousness
Shot term- produce intoxication
Long Term- produce physical and emotional addiction
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Depressants Stimulants Narcotics/opiates
Ex- Alcohol, barbiturates, anti-anxiety agents
Ex, Nicotine, cocaine, caffeine
Ex, Opium, morphine, codeine, heroin
Drugs that slow down inhibit, or depress the nervous system
Most misused & abused
Drugs that stimulate, or speed up the nervous system.
Constricts blood vessels & dilates pupils of eye
Acts on Central Nervous System
Painkillers, but highly addictive
Heroin is the most dangerous drugs abused & highly addictive
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Inhalants Hallucinogens Marijuana
Ex, Nitrous oxide, aerosol gas, kerosene
Ex. LSD, PCP, Peyote
Ex. Marijuana & Synthetic forms (Spice & Ivory Rose)
Drugs that slow down inhibit, or depress the nervous system
Most misused & abused
Distort user’s perception of reality
Difficulty distinguish fact & fiction
Can cause flashback
Not addictive but can lead to breakdowns
Mixture of crushed leaves, flowers, small branches, stems, & seed of the hemp plant
3rd most popular drug in US
May act emotionally unstable or anxious & sensory distortion.
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Substance Abuse Drug Misuse: Taking drugs for
appropriate purpose but not proper dosage or for conditions for which they are unsuited.
Ex- Can’t sleep so you take Nyquil
Drug Abuse: Excessive or persistent use of a drug.
Ex- Smoking Marijuana everyday
Drug Abuse is the #1 killer in Utah
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Substance Abuse- Why? Curiosity: desire to experience the unknown
Low self-esteem: drugs serve as a coping mechanism
Peer Pressure: the need to belong, friends
Adult Modeling: to fee grown up
Mood Alteration: mellow feeling or excitement
Boredom
Alienation: lost of control, feel unwanted
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Substance Abuse- Consequences
School Problems
lowered commitment to education
Declining grades
Absenteeism from school & related activities
Increased potential for dropping out
Higher truancy rates
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Substance Abuse- Consequences Healthy & Safety
Accidental Injuries
Physical disabilities
Diseases (increase HIV & STD infections)
Possible overdose
Drug-related suicides, homicides, accidents, & illnesses may result in death.
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Substance Abuse-Consequences Peer Relationships
Disengage from school & community activities because of abuse
Depriving their peers & communities of the positive contributions they might otherwise make
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Substance Abuse-Consequences Social, development, & emotional
consequences
Conduct problems
Depression
Suicidal thoughts
Attempted suicide
Personality Disorders
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Substance Abuse-Consequences Family Issues
Jeopardizes many aspects of family life
Parents & siblings affected
Drain family financial & emotional resources
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Alcohol – Street Names Booze
Brews
Hard Stuff
Hooch
Juice
Sauce
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Alcohol What is It?
Is a powerful addictive drug
Can affect brain development
Produced by fermenting fruits, vegetables, & grains.
Depressant –slows the central nervous system.
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Alcohol –Consumed It's absorbed into a person's
bloodstream. From there, it affects the central nervous system, controls virtually all body functions.
Intoxication- the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.
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Alcohol-Risk Factors Persistent learning
and memory problems
Liver disease
Unintentional injuries
HIV risk due to impaired judgment
Paralysis of nerves that move the eyes
Difficulty with muscle coordination
Difficulty Walking
Blurred vision
Slurred speech
Slowed Reaction times
Impaired memory/Blackouts
Mental Confusion
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Alcohol- Long Term Effects Damage to brain cells and
reduction in brain size
+blood pressure- lead to heart attach & stroke
Fatty Liver disease = Death
Damage digestive lining of stomach= ulcers & cancer of the stomach
Destruction of pancreas
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Alcohol- Binge DrinkingDrinking 5 or
more alcoholic drinks at one sitting.
Very popular among young drinkers.
Drinking to get Drunk.
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Alcohol Poisoning A condition in
which a toxic amount of alcohol (ethanol, ethyl alcohol) has been drunk, usually in a short period of time
Mental confusion
stupor
coma, or person cannot be roused
Vomiting
Seizures
Slow breathing (fewer than eight breaths per minute)
Irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between breaths)
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Alcohol - Poisoning Irregular
breathing (10 seconds or more between breaths) /
Hypothermia (low body temperature),
Paleness
Heart beats irregularly or stops /
Hypoglycemia (too little blood sugar) which leads to seizures
Untreated severe dehydration from vomiting, which can cause seizures,
permanent brain damage
or death
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Alcohol- Standard Drink
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Alcohol- Influencing Factors
Peer Pressure
Family
Media Message
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Alcohol- Benefits of living Alcohol FreeMaintaining a healthy body
Establishing healthy relationships
Making Healthy decisions
Avoiding risky behaviors
Avoiding illegal activities
Avoiding violence
Achieving your goals
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Alcohol-Factors Determine BAC Number of standard drinks
Amount of time in which drinks are consumed
Body weight
Gender
Race
Ethnicity
Medications
Food (to lesser extent)
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Alcohol- Drunk Driving Facts Drunk driving is the nation’s most
frequently committed violent crime.
Men are 4 times more likely to drive drunk
Over 30,000 Americans are killed each year in drunk driving accidents
Half are teenagers
3 out of 5 will be involved sometime in their lifetime
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Alcohol- Drunk Driving FactsInjuries or death
Arrest, jail time, court, record, lawsuit
Loss of driver license
Higher car insurance rates or canceled policy
Driving with someone who was drinking is just as dangerous or even more
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Alcohol- Sobriety
Nothing but TIME can
Sober a Person up!
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Alcohol- Why 21? Age limit is based on research
which shows that young people react differently to alcohol.
Teens get drunk twice as fast as adults,9 but have more trouble knowing when to stop.
Teens naturally overdo it and binge more often than adults.
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Alcohol- Why 21? Enforcing the legal drinking age of
21 reduces traffic crashes,4-6 protects young people’s maturing brains,12,14 and keep young people safer overall.
The younger you are when you start drinking, the greater your chance of becoming addicted to alcohol at some point in your life. More than 4 in 10 people who begin drinking before age 15 eventually become alcoholics.
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Alcohol- Pregancy Drinking while pregnant
Most dangerous during 1st trimester
Birth defects – mental & physical problems Small head & facial deformitiesHeart, liver, kidney defectsVision & hearing problemsPoor coordinationLearning difficultiesHyperactivity, anxiety, & social
withdrawal
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Alcohol- Alcoholism Physically or psychologically
dependent on alcohol.
Cravings
Loss of control
Physical Dependence
Tolerance
3 Stages of Alcoholism
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Alcoholism- Stage 1 Stage 1- Abuse
Begin with social drinking. Dependence begins.
Memory Loss & Blackouts
Maybe lie & justify behavior
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Alcoholism- Stage 2 2-
Dependence
Cannot stop drinking
Tries to hide problem
Work, school, & home suffers
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Alcoholism- Stage 3 3-Addiction
Final Stage= Addiction
Liver damage
Less alcohol needed for drunkenness
Withdrawal
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Tobacco- Street Names
Butts
Chew
Dip
Coffin nails
Cancer sticks
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Tobacco Between 1964 and 2004, cigarette
smoking caused an estimated 12 million deaths, including 4.1 million deaths from cancer, and 5.5 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases
48 million Americans Smoke
4 million teens smoke
13 is the average age at which people start smoking in Utah
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Tobacco 80% of adult smokers believe they will
die of tobacco related causes if they don’t quit.
Every hour of every day of every year 50 people will die of a tobacco related problem.
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Tobacco- What happens Physically?
Airway of the lungs immediately constricted, decreased lung function hindering physical activity
Nagging coughs and shortness of breath
Increased heart rate
Elevated blood pressure
Oxygen is deprived in the body
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Tobacco- Effects on the Body Brain - Nicotine causes the release of
chemical in the brain that makes tobacco users crave tobacco.
Heart - as a result of atherosclerosis, the heart must work harder to pump blood. Lead to high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke.
Lungs - smoking blocks the airways, impairs the lungs, and increases the risk of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases
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Tobacco- Effects on the Body Skin - ages and wrinkles the skin.
Fingers - can stain the fingers yellow
Mouth teeth and throat - bad breath stains on teeth & decrease the senses of taste and smell. It can cause gum disease, mouth, throat, and esophageal cancer.
Stomach, colon, and bladder - stomach ulcers and bladder, kidney and stomach cancers.
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Tobacco- Diseases Cancer - Smokers have increased risk of
cancers in the mouth, throat, breast, lungs, and pancreas. Smoking is the most common cause of death from cancer.
Chronic Bronchitis - a condition in which mucus blocks the airways. People with bronchitis must cough to dislodge the mucus
Respiratory Infections - such as colds and pneumonia. Smoking robs the body of vitamin C which helps keep the immune system strong.
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Tobacco- Diseases Emphysema - a condition in which the air
sacs in the lungs become damaged. Body does not get all the oxygen it needs. 100,000 deaths per year.
Asthma - a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Secondhand smoke exposure causes children who already have asthma to experience more frequent and severe attacks.
Coronary Heart Disease- Heart attacks & Strokes.
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Tobacco- Forms Cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, and
chewing tobacco, all contain the addictive drug nicotine and can also cause cancer.
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Tobacco- Ingredients Carbon Monoxide-
in car exhaust
Tars-Dark, sticky mixture of chemicals
Arsenic-week & insect killer
Cyanide-poison, used in gas chamber
Formaldehyde-preservative for the dead
Nicotine- Addictive
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Tobacco 599 Ingredients -4,000 given off in smoke 601)AcetanisoleAcetic AcidAcetoinAcetophenone6-
Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine2-Acetyl-5-MethylfuranAcetylpyrazine2-Acetylpyridine3-Acetylpyridine2-AcetylthiazoleAconitic Aciddl-AlanineAlfalfa ExtractAllspice Extract, Oleoresin And OilAllyl HexanoateAllyl IononeAlmond Bitter OilAmbergris TinctureAmmoniaAmmonium BicarbonateAmmonium HydroxideAmmonium Phosphate DibasicAmmonium SulfideAmyl AlcoholAmyl ButyrateAmyl FormateAmyl Octanoatealpha-AmylcinnamaldehydeAmyris Oiltrans-AnetholeAngelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed OilAniseAnise Star, Extract and OilsAnisyl AcetateAnisyl AlcoholAnisyl FormateAnisyl Phenylacetate
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Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and SkinsApricot Extract and Juice Concentrate1-ArginineAsafetida Fluid Extract And OilAscorbic Acid1-Asparagine Monohydrate1-Aspartic AcidBalsam Peru and OilBasil OilBay Leaf, Oil and Sweet OilBeeswax WhiteBeet Juice ConcentrateBenzaldehydeBenzaldehyde Glyceryl AcetalBenzoic AcidBenzoinBenzoin ResinBenzophenoneBenzyl AlcoholBenzyl BenzoateBenzyl ButyrateBenzyl CinnamateBenzyl PropionateBenzyl SalicylateBergamot OilBisaboleneBlack Currant Buds AbsoluteBorneolBornyl AcetateBuchu Leaf Oil1,3-Butanediol2,3-Butanedione1-Butanol2-Butanone4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-OneButter, Butter Esters, and Butter OilButyl AcetateButyl ButyrateButyl Butyryl LactateButyl IsovalerateButyl PhenylacetateButyl Undecylenate3-ButylidenephthalideButyric AcidCadineneCaffeineCalcium CarbonateCampheneCananga OilCapsicum OleoresinCaramel ColorCaraway OilCarbon DioxideCardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and PowderCarob Bean and Extractbeta-CaroteneCarrot OilCarvacrol4-Carvomenthenol1-Carvonebeta-Caryophyllenebeta-Caryophyllene OxideCascarilla Oil and Bark ExtractCassia Bark OilCassie Absolute and OilCastoreum Extract, Tincture and AbsoluteCedar Leaf OilCedarwood Oil Terpenes and VirginianaCedrolCelery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And OleoresinCellulose FiberChamomile Flower Oil And ExtractChicory ExtractChocolate
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CinnamaldehydeCinnamic AcidCinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and ExtractCinnamyl AcetateCinnamyl AlcoholCinnamyl CinnamateCinnamyl IsovalerateCinnamyl PropionateCitralCitric AcidCitronella Oildl-CitronellolCitronellyl ButyrateCitronellyl IsobutyrateCivet AbsoluteClary OilClover Tops, Red Solid ExtractCocoaCocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And PowderCoconut OilCoffeeCognac White and Green OilCopaiba OilCoriander Extract and OilCorn OilCorn SilkCostus Root OilCubeb OilCuminaldehydepara-Cymene1-CysteineDandelion Root Solid ExtractDavana Oil2-trans, 4-trans-Decadienaldelta-Decalactonegamma-DecalactoneDecanalDecanoic Acid1-Decanol2-DecenalDehydromenthofurolactoneDiethyl MalonateDiethyl Sebacate2,3-DiethylpyrazineDihydro Anethole5,7-Dihydro-2-Methylthieno(3,4-D) PyrimidineDill Seed Oil and Extractmeta-Dimethoxybenzenepara-Dimethoxybenzene2,6-DimethoxyphenolDimethyl Succinate3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione3,5- Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-One6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-One3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenoic Acid2,4-Dimethylacetophenonealpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl Alcoholalpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl Acetatealpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate2,3-Dimethylpyrazine2,5-Dimethylpyrazine2,6-DimethylpyrazineDimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranonedelta-Dodecalactonegamma-Dodecalactonepara-EthoxybenzaldehydeEthyl 10-UndecenoateEthyl 2-MethylbutyrateEthyl AcetateEthyl AcetoacetateEthyl AlcoholEthyl BenzoateEthyl ButyrateEthyl CinnamateEthyl DecanoateEthyl FencholEthyl FuroateEthyl HeptanoateEthyl HexanoateEthyl IsovalerateEthyl LactateEthyl LaurateEthyl LevulinateEthyl MaltolEthyl Methyl PhenylglycidateEthyl MyristateEthyl NonanoateEthyl OctadecanoateEthyl OctanoateEthyl OleateEthyl PalmitateEthyl PhenylacetateEthyl PropionateEthyl SalicylateEthyl trans-2-ButenoateEthyl ValerateEthyl Vanillin2-Ethyl (or Methyl)-(3,5 and 6)-Methoxypyrazine2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol3-Ethyl -2 -Hydroxy-2-Cyclopenten-1-One2-Ethyl-3, (5 or 6)-Dimethylpyrazine5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine4-Ethylbenzaldehyde4-Ethylguaiacolpara-Ethylphenol3-EthylpyridineEucalyptolFarnesolD-FenchoneFennel Sweet Oil
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Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and AbsoluteFig Juice ConcentrateFood Starch ModifiedFurfuryl Mercaptan4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-OneGalbanum OilGenet AbsoluteGentian Root ExtractGeraniolGeranium Rose OilGeranyl AcetateGeranyl ButyrateGeranyl FormateGeranyl IsovalerateGeranyl PhenylacetateGinger Oil and Oleoresin1-Glutamic Acid1-GlutamineGlycerolGlycyrrhizin AmmoniatedGrape Juice ConcentrateGuaiac Wood OilGuaiacolGuar Gum2,4-Heptadienalgamma-HeptalactoneHeptanoic Acid2-Heptanone3-Hepten-2-One2-Hepten-4-One4-Heptenaltrans -2-HeptenalHeptyl Acetateomega-6-Hexadecenlactonegamma-HexalactoneHexanalHexanoic Acid2-Hexen-1-Ol3-Hexen-1-Olcis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate2-Hexenal3-Hexenoic Acidtrans-2-Hexenoic Acidcis-3-Hexenyl FormateHexyl 2-MethylbutyrateHexyl AcetateHexyl AlcoholHexyl Phenylacetate1-HistidineHoneyHops OilHydrolyzed Milk SolidsHydrolyzed Plant Proteins5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic Acid delta- Lactone4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid LactoneHydroxycitronellal6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-ButanoneHyssop OilImmortelle Absolute and Extractalpha-Iononebeta-Iononealpha-IroneIsoamyl AcetateIsoamyl BenzoateIsoamyl ButyrateIsoamyl CinnamateIsoamyl FormateIsoamyl HexanoateIsoamyl IsovalerateIsoamyl OctanoateIsoamyl PhenylacetateIsobornyl AcetateIsobutyl AcetateIsobutyl AlcoholIsobutyl CinnamateIsobutyl PhenylacetateIsobutyl Salicylate2-Isobutyl-3-Methoxypyrazinealpha-Isobutylphenethyl AlcoholIsobutyraldehydeIsobutyric Acidd,l-Isoleucinealpha-Isomethylionone2-IsopropylphenolIsovaleric AcidJasmine Absolute, Concrete and OilKola Nut ExtractLabdanum Absolute and OleoresinLactic AcidLauric AcidLauric AldehydeLavandin OilLavender OilLemon Oil and ExtractLemongrass Oil1-LeucineLevulinic AcidLicorice Root, Fluid, Extract and PowderLime OilLinaloolLinalool OxideLinalyl AcetateLinden FlowersLovage Oil And Extract1-LysineMace Powder, Extract and OilMagnesium CarbonateMalic AcidMalt and Malt ExtractMaltodextrinMaltolMaltyl IsobutyrateMandarin OilMaple Syrup and ConcentrateMate Leaf, Absolute and Oilpara-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-OneMentholMenthoneMenthyl Acetatedl-MethionineMethoprene2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenolpara-Methoxybenzaldehyde1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-PropanoneMethoxypyrazineMethyl 2-FuroateMethyl 2-OctynoateMethyl 2-Pyrrolyl KetoneMethyl AnisateMethyl AnthranilateMethyl BenzoateMethyl CinnamateMethyl DihydrojasmonateMethyl Ester of Rosin, Partially HydrogenatedMethyl IsovalerateMethyl Linoleate (48%)Methyl Linolenate (52%) MixtureMethyl Naphthyl KetoneMethyl NicotinateMethyl PhenylacetateMethyl SalicylateMethyl Sulfide3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-Hexenal5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One2-Methyl-3-(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One1-Methyl-3Methoxy-4-Isopropylbenzene4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol4-Methyl-5-VinylthiazoleMethyl-alpha-IononeMethyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid4-Methylacetophenonepara-Methylanisolealpha-Methylbenzyl Acetatealpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol2-Methylbutyraldehyde3-Methylbutyraldehyde2-Methylbutyric Acidalpha-MethylcinnamaldehydeMethylcyclopentenolone2-Methylheptanoic Acid2-Methylhexanoic Acid3-Methylpentanoic Acid4-Methylpentanoic Acid2-Methylpyrazine5-Methylquinoxaline2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-One(Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers)3-MethylthiopropionaldehydeMethyl 3-Methylthiopropionate2-Methylvaleric AcidMimosa Absolute and ExtractMolasses Extract and TinctureMountain Maple Solid ExtractMullein FlowersMyristaldehydeMyristic AcidMyrrh Oilbeta-Napthyl Ethyl EtherNerolNeroli Bigarde OilNerolidolNona-2-trans,6-cis-Dienal2,6-Nonadien-1-Olgamma-NonalactoneNonanalNonanoic AcidNonanonetrans-2-Nonen-1-Ol2-NonenalNonyl AcetateNutmeg Powder and OilOak Chips Extract and OilOak Moss Absolute9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid (48%) And 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%)delta-Octalactonegamma-OctalactoneOctanal
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Octanoic Acid1-Octanol2-Octanone3-Octen-2-One1-Octen-3-Ol1-Octen-3-Yl Acetate2-OctenalOctyl IsobutyrateOleic AcidOlibanum OilOpoponax Oil And GumOrange Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf AbsoluteOrange Oil and ExtractOriganum OilOrris Concrete Oil and Root ExtractPalmarosa OilPalmitic AcidParsley Seed OilPatchouli Oilomega-Pentadecalactone2,3-Pentanedione2-Pentanone4-Pentenoic Acid2-PentylpyridinePepper Oil, Black And WhitePeppermint OilPeruvian (Bois De Rose) OilPetitgrain Absolute, Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oilalpha-Phellandrene2-Phenenthyl AcetatePhenenthyl AlcoholPhenethyl ButyratePhenethyl CinnamatePhenethyl IsobutyratePhenethyl IsovaleratePhenethyl PhenylacetatePhenethyl Salicylate1-Phenyl-1-Propanol3-Phenyl-1-Propanol2-Phenyl-2-Butenal4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-Ol4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-OnePhenylacetaldehydePhenylacetic Acid1-Phenylalanine3-Phenylpropionaldehyde3-Phenylpropionic Acid3-Phenylpropyl Acetate3-Phenylpropyl Cinnamate2-(3-Phenylpropyl)TetrahydrofuranPhosphoric AcidPimenta Leaf OilPine Needle Oil, Pine Oil, ScotchPineapple Juice Concentratealpha-Pinenebeta-PineneD-PiperitonePiperonalPipsissewa Leaf ExtractPlum JuicePotassium Sorbate1-ProlinePropenylguaetholPropionic AcidPropyl AcetatePropyl para-HydroxybenzoatePropylene Glycol3-PropylidenephthalidePrune Juice and ConcentratePyridinePyroligneous Acid And ExtractPyrrolePyruvic AcidRaisin Juice ConcentrateRhodinolRose Absolute and OilRosemary OilRumRum EtherRye ExtractSage, Sage Oil, and Sage OleoresinSalicylaldehydeSandalwood Oil, YellowSclareolideSkatoleSmoke FlavorSnakeroot OilSodium AcetateSodium BenzoateSodium BicarbonateSodium CarbonateSodium ChlorideSodium CitrateSodium HydroxideSolanoneSpearmint OilStyrax Extract, Gum and OilSucrose OctaacetateSugar AlcoholsSugarsTagetes OilTannic AcidTartaric AcidTea Leaf and Absolutealpha-TerpineolTerpinoleneTerpinyl Acetate5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone2,3,5,6-TetramethylpyrazineThiamine HydrochlorideThiazole1-ThreonineThyme Oil, White and RedThymolTobacco ExtractsTochopherols (mixed)Tolu Balsam Gum and ExtractTolualdehydespara-Tolyl 3-Methylbutyratepara-Tolyl Acetaldehydepara-Tolyl Acetatepara-Tolyl Isobutyratepara-Tolyl PhenylacetateTriacetin2-Tridecanone2-TridecenalTriethyl Citrate3,5,5-Trimethyl -1-Hexanolpara,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-4-One2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine1-Tyrosinedelta-Undecalactonegamma-UndecalactoneUndecanal2-Undecanone10-UndecenalUreaValenceneValeraldehydeValerian Root Extract, Oil and PowderValeric Acidgamma-ValerolactoneValineVanilla Extract And OleoresinVanillinVeratraldehydeVetiver OilVinegarViolet Leaf AbsoluteWalnut Hull ExtractWaterWheat Extract And FlourWild Cherry Bark ExtractWine and Wine SherryXanthan Gum3,4-XylenolYeast
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Tobacco-SmokelessTrue or False – Smokeless tobacco is
safe because you don’t smoke it.
Cancers associated with smokeless tobacco- Tongue, Mouth, Throat cancers
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Tobacco- Advertising The Cool Factor
Celebrity Smokers
Dreams & Insecurities
Friends, Fun & Excitement
Humor
Positive Lifestyle Advertising
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Drugs- Classification Schedule 1:
High Abuse, No medical Use
Schedule 2: High Abuse, Some Medial Use
Schedule 3: Lower Abuse, Medical use
Schedule 4: Limited Abuse, High Medial Use
Schedule 5: Minor Problems
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Peer Pressure- What is it? Pressure from one's peers to behave in a
manner similar or acceptable to them.
Peer pressure is the influence of a social group on an individual.
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Peer Pressure – Good Good peer pressure is being pushed into
something that you didn't have the courage to do or just didn't cross your mind to do.
Good peer pressure can also be a situation when your friends convince you not to do something you were going to do because it wasn't in your best interest.
Good peer pressure is when you get pushed into something that you didn't want to do and it turned out well.
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Peer Pressure- Benefits You may learn something new and have a
new experience.
You can overcome a fear.
You will avoid breaking the law, getting into trouble with your parents and hurting your health.
Friendships, socializing, encouragement and good advice.
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Peer Pressure- BadBad peer pressure is being talked into
doing something that you didn't want to do because your friends said that you should.
Bad peer pressure is usually the result of wanting to be accepted by your peers.
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Peer Pressure- Affects Bad peer pressure usually leads to doing
something bad such as drinking alcohol, using drugs, or smoking.
It can lead to trouble with the law, with your parents and it can affect your health.
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Peer Pressure- How to respond to negative. The key to dealing with negative peer pressure is
self-confidence.
Be yourself, make your own decisions, regardless of what others think.
Listen to your gut
Learn to feel comfortable saying "no."
Hang with people who feel the same way you do.
If a situation seems dangerous, don't hesitate to get an adult's help.
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Protective Factors Protective Factors- Factors in an
individual’s life that decrease the likelihood of involvement with drugs and reduce the impact that any risk factor might have.
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Protective Factors
Family Factors Parental SupervisionChild's Attachment to ParentParent's Attachment to ChildParent's Involvement in Child's Activities
Educational Factors Reading PercentileMathematics PercentileCommitment to SchoolAttachment to TeachersAspirations to Go to CollegeExpectations to Go to CollegeParent's Expectation for Child to Go to CollegeParent's Values About College
Peer Factors Peers Have Conventional ValuesParent's Positive Evaluation of Peers
Other Resources Child's Self EsteemChild's Involvement in Religious ActivitiesChild's Involvement in Prosocial ActivitiesChild Is Close to an Adult Outside the Family
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Risk Factors Risk Factor- Factors
in an individual’s life that increase the likelihood of involvement with drugs.
Socioeconomic factors
Psychosocial that reflect a tendency toward nonconformity within society
Availability
Depression
Peer Approval
Low educational goals
School absence
Number of adults that use drugs
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Media’s Role Deadly Persuasion
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Addiction Define- An experience of
powerlessness over a compulsive behavior which results in that person’s life becoming unmanageable.
All addictions have similar effects of the brain (shopping, alcohol, smoking, tobacco, caffeine ,drugs, alcohol, sex…)
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Addiction It involves the following:
1. Frequent self destructive behavior or high-risk activity.
Ex- Stealing
2. Shame/denial/making excuses for being involved in the activity.
3. Unable to stop even though it’s causing severe life problems with family, friends, health ,employment, finances, the law.
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Addiction- Stages All individuals move from 1 stage to
another at their own pace. Some never move past the 1st stage.
Stage1
Person experiences joy/euphoria induced by substance/activity. This is the “hook.” (this is why we do drugs)
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Addiction- Stage 2 Stage 2
The brain does not return to its normal state after using the substance. A “low” or pain is felt. The changes in the brain chemistry cause the individual to feel pain when the drug wears off. So they take more. This is especially dangerous for teen as their brain is still under construction. Continued use can led to brain damage.
Quitting the behavior is relatively easy at this state especially if they are faced with unpleasant consequences.
Ex- DUI, Parent Disapproval, kicked off team, job loss, pregnancy
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Addiction- Stage 3
Stage 3
This is the “disease” stage. The addict is controlled by their substance of choice. Nothing matters more than satisfying their desperate need.
The drug/activity become their primary focus and life is just a distraction that’s always trying to prevent them from doing what they constantly want to do. This stage also involves higher doses of drugs.
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Addiction- Stage 3
***Changes in the brain caused by addiction make it difficult for the addict to be hones about their condition. Lying becomes the rule of thumb because addiction changes the way the addict thinks.
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Addiction-Cycle 1. Short-Term Gratification: First there is
short-term gratification. You feel good now. There is a strong short-term gain that causes you to assume the drug or behavior is good for you.
2. Long-Term Pain & Dysfunction: The short term gratification is eventually followed by long-term pain. This pain, part of which is from physical withdrawal, and part of which is from the inability to cope psychosocially without drugs/alcohol, is the direct consequences of using the addictive chemicals.
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Addiction- Cycle 3. Addictive Thinking: The long-term pain and
dysfunction trigger addictive thinking. Addictive thinking begins with obsession and compulsion. Obsession is a continuous thinking positive effects of using alcohol and drugs. Compulsion is an irrational urge or craving to use the drug to get the positive effect even though you know it will hurt you in the long run. This leads to denial and rationalization in order to allow continued use. Denial is the inability to recognize there is a problem. Rationalization is blaming other situations and people for problem rather than drug use.
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Addiction- Cycle4. Increased Tolerance: Without your being
aware that it is happening, more and more of the drug is required to produce the same effect.
5. Loss of Control- The obsession and compulsion become so strong that you cannot think about anything else. Your feelings and emotions become distorted by the compulsion. You become stressed and uncomfortable until finally the urge to use is so strong that you cannot resist it. Once you use the addictive chemicals or the addictive behaviors again, the cycle starts all over.
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Addiction- Cycle 6. Bio-Psycho-Social Damage: Eventually
there is damage to the health of your body (physical health), mind (psychological health), and relationships with other people (social health). As pain and stress get worse, the compulsion to use the addictive drugs or behaviors to get relief from the pain increases. A deadly trap develops. You need addictive use in order to feel good. When you use addictively you damage yourself physically, psychologically, and socially. This damage increases your paid which increases your need fro addictive use.