一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写下下列单词。1 ___________ [^rB:f ]n. 图表 ; 坐标图。2 _________________[fi5nCminEn]n. 现象。3____________[fjuEl]n. 燃料 4 ___________[5deitE] n. 资料 ; 数据5 ___________[5klaimit] n. 气候 6 ___________[steit]vt. 陈述；说明7 ___________[reindV]n. 种类；范围 8 _______________[5waIdspred]adj. 分布广的 , 普遍的。9____________[di:5kri:s] vi.\vt. 减少；使变小

graph phenomenon

fuel data

climatestaterange

widespread

decrease

10 __________ [5stedi]adj. 稳固的；持续的。11___________[i^5zistEns]n. 生存；存在 12___________[5autE]adj. 外部的；外面的。13___________ [pE5lu:FEn]n. 污染；弄脏 14___________ [I5lektrIk(E)l]adj. 电的；与电有关的15___________ [5mEutE] n. 发动机 16___________[kAn]n. 容器；罐头17 _____________ [5maikrEuweiv]n. 微波炉；微波 18 ___________ [5nju:kliE]adj. 原子核的；核胡19________________[dIsE5^ri:mEnt]n. 分歧；不一

致 20___________ [5taitl]n. 标题；题目

title

steadyexistenceouterpollution

electricalmotorcan

microwavenuclear

disagreement

二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，以及中文提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。

1 Coal is one of the cheapest types of _________.

2 You must drink a large _______________ of water.

3 She enjoyed w________________ fame afer her new

film came out.

4You have to take the _________________ ( 后果 )of the

accident.

5 ． The frontier __________( 延伸 )from the northern

hills to the southern coast.

ranges

fuelquantity

widespread

consequences

6.An eclipse of the moon is one of the rare

__________________ （现象）7 Not everyone can afford journeys to __________

space.

8.The little girl drank four _______ ( 罐 ) of beer, which

made us surprised.

9 Students numbers will have____________( 减少 ) to

3000 by the end of this term.

10 Although we are burning coal in huge ____________

every year, we won’t run out of it for centuries.

quantities

phenomena

outercans

decreased

三、词语派生 用所给词的适当形式填空。1 Prices are rising ______________(steady)

2. He is old enough to be _______________of his parents

so he wants _______________ from them.( dependence)

3. The president made a ____________ （ state ） of his

aims.

4. Do you believe in the __________ （ exist ） of

ghosts?

5. The _________ （ pollute ） river should be dealt

with by the government.

steadily independent independence

statement

existence polluted

6. How did you deal with the ___________________

(disagree) between colleagues( 同事 )

7. The use of energy is Tim’s country is low

__________(compare to ) the use of energy in the USA.

8. Mother asked little Tom to _________(renewable) the

water in the goldfish bowl.

9. This machine has an __________( electricity) fault.

10. The significant earthquake broken out last night

caused a ________________ (catastrophe) failure.

disagreement

compared to

Renew

electrical

catastrophic

四、词组互译1 ____________________ 逐步建立；增加 2____________________ 依赖；依靠 3____________________ 发生；造成 4 ____________________ 等等 5 __________________ 大量的 6__________________ 有关系；有影响 7 ___________________ 只要 8 __________________ 在 A 和 B 之间变化 range from A to B

build updepend on

come about

and so onquantities of

make a differenceas long as

9___________________ 继续10 __________________ 把……比作；11 __________________ 导致 12 ____________________ 大体上；基本上13 __________________ 按平均数计算14 _____________________ 忍受；容忍15_____________________ 一瞥 glance at

keep on

compare … to …result in

on the wholeon averageput up with

五 词组运用词组填空 从上面的短语中选择恰当的短语填空。1. We’re _________________ him finishing her job by

Friday.

2. He _____________knowledge ______ wings to fly.

3. Tell me how the accident _____________

4. ________________ books were on the desk.

5. The accident _____________ ten deaths.resulted in

depending on

compared to

came aboutQuantities of

6. You need to ____________ your strength.

7. Don’t ____________ asking so many questions.

8. He ______________ the envelope and recognized his

uncle’s handwriting.

9. You can go to play ______________ you stay in the

back yard.

10. We can’t _____________ his endless complaint.put up with

build up

keep on

glanced at

as long as

完成句子 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。11. 付款多少取决与你居住的地方。 The amount you pay _______________ where you live.12. 与 40 年前相比， 卫生保健水平得到了极大提高。____________________________________, standards

in health care have improved greatly.13. 这种情况本不应该发生。This situation ________________________________.14. 警方发现了大量违禁药品。Police found _____________________ of illegal drugs.15. 谈判结果削减了导弹数量。The talks ___________ reducing the number of

missiles.

resulted in

depends on

Compared with 40 years ago

should never have come about

a large quantities of

句子翻译16. 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。_______________________________________________17. 他们的年龄在 25 岁到 50 岁之间。_______________________________________________18. 我不明白她怎么能容忍他没完没了的抱怨。______________________________________________________________________________________________19. 这场雨影响了比赛。_______________________________________________20. 总得来说，我赞成这个建议。______________________________________________

On the whole, I’m in favor of the proposal.

We fail one student per year on average.

Their ages range from 25 to 50.

I don’t know how she puts up with his endless complaint.

The rain made a difference to the game.

1. What do you think green house gases do?

本句中 think 后接了一个由 what 引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是 : 特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think,

believe, suppose, consider, imagine, guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。

例如：

Language points for Reading I

[正 ] Who do you think will win in the

game?

[误 ] Do you think who will win in the

game?

当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如：[误 ] Why do you know we can't cut down

the big tree?

[正 ] Do you know why we can't cut down

the big tree?

2 … it is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes.

1). vt. 比较；对照。 compare…with… 表示“把……与……相比 ( 同类相比 ) ” 如： Compare your answers with those at the back of

the book to see if they are right.

把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。 My handwriting can not be compared with my

father’s. 我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。

2) ． vt. 喻为；比拟。compare…to… 表示“把……比做……（异类相比，比喻）” 如： Man’s life is often compared do a candle.

人生常被比为蜡烛。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

知识拓展compared to /with 与……相比 , 只能作状语Compared to /with many women, she was

indeed very fortunate.

莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。

3.How has this come about and does it matter?

come about : 发生，造成 相当于 happenWhen Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about. I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 你知道那次空难是怎么发生的吗 ?

随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。With the use of electricity, great changes have come about.

Do you know how the air accident came about?

4. There is no doubt that….

一、作不可数名词 , 作 " 疑惑 ;怀疑”①肯定句中 doubt 多接 whether ( 一般不用 if

代替 ) 同位语从句。如 :

There's some doubt ________he'll keep his

promise. 他会不会信守诺言还难说。 She had her doubts ________the new book

would sell well. 她怀疑新书是否会畅销。

whether

whether

②否定句中 doubt 多接 that 同位语从句。如 :

There is no doubt ____ they will ask you

for help. 毫无疑问 , 他们会请你帮忙的。 I have no doubt ____ you will succeed.

我毫不怀疑你会成功的。

that

that

二、作及物动词常用于下列句型中 , 作 "怀疑 ; 不能肯定 ; 不大相信 "解 , 一般不用进行时态。①用于否定句或疑问句 , 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。如 :

I don't doubt ____ he is telling the truth.

我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。 Do you doubt ____ he will win the match?

你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗 ?

that

that

②用于肯定句 , 一般接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 .如 :

I doubt __________we will make a profit

out of it.

我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。 We doubt __________she will be persuaded.

我们不知道她会不会被说服。

whether/if

whether/if

5. subscribe to 同意 ; 赞成；订购 常用于疑问句和否定句

1) I’ve never subscribed to the theory that

people are more important than animals.

我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。

2) I don’t subscribe to the idea that money

brings happiness.

我不同意金钱能带来快乐的观点。

6…it is human activity that has caused this

global warming rather than a random but

natural phenomenon. …全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。

It is…that … 是强调句式，被强调部分是human activity, 强调全球转暖的原因是认为的。 rather 在这里的意思是“在更大的车高度上”，与 than连用，可以译为“不是… , 而是…”。类似的用法有：The parents should be punished rather

than the boy. 改受到惩罚的是那男孩的父母而不应当是男孩。

7. Some byproducts of this process are called

“greenhouse” gases, the most important

one being carbon dioxide.

the most important one being carbon

dioxide 是一个独立主格结构，由名词+ 分词构成，在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。

________________( 时间允许的话 ) ， I

will show you around the city.

__________________(今天是星期天 ) ， I

don’t have to go to work.

___________________________ ( 没有人要说的话 ) ， the meeting was closed.

Time permitting

Today being Sunday

Nobody having any more to say

这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有： without,

but for ， but that ， otherwise ， or ， but 等。 Without your help ( = If we had not had your

help) ， we could not have succeeded ．要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。

8.Without the ‘green house effect’, the

earth would be about thirty-three

degrees Celsius cooler than it is.

But for electricity (= If there were no

electricity) ， there would be no modem industry ． 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting with his

students ； otherwise he would have come.

他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he

would have attended the party ． 他昨天很累 , 不然他就参加那个聚会了。

quantity 量 quantity of 大量的

eg: 就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.

quantity 也可以用作可数名词，表示“数量”Police found a large quantity of illegal drugs.

警方发现了大量违禁药品。

9. It means that more heat energy tends to be

trapped in the stmosphere causing the

global temperature to go up. 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。

动词 tend 后面跟不定式，表示“有…的倾向，有…的习惯”，或译为”倾向于，趋于”。

如：It tends to snow heavily here in winter.

这里的冬天往往雪下的很大。trap诱捕 ; 使陷入困境；留住。如：Sand and leaves trapped the water in the

stream. 沙石和树叶淤住了溪流。They finally trapped the mouse in a cage.

最后，他们用罩子把老鼠逮住了。

10. go up 上升；增长。如： The temperature in this area has

gone up 2 degrees than that at the

same time last year.

这个地区的气温比去年通义时期上升了两度。

11. result in

result in 结果 ; 致使 ; 导致主语： in 的宾语：

起因 结果

Acting before thinking always results___ failure.

做事不先考虑总会导致失败。The accident resulted___ the death of two people.

这场意外事故造成两人死亡。

in

in

result from 起于 , 由于 , 由…引起，

主语： from 的宾语：

His sickness resulted_____ eating too much.

起因结果

from

12. state v. 陈述，声明；

n. 状况，情况；国家； +n.

state +that 从句 +wh- 从句；可用于被动结构，也可用过去分词作定语。

+n.

state +that 从句 +wh- 从句；

1. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。He has publicly _____ _____ _____ for the policy.stated his support

2. 我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。I heard the official state that they would not accept children.3.合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。The contract stated when the work should be finished.

eg: 她今天心情不好。

eg: 国家首脑

n.状况，情况；国家

She is in a terrible state today.

the head of state

13. range

v. 排列 , 使成行；偏袒，站在…的方面。n. 范围 (尤指从…到…各种种类 , 可供选择的范围等，可加不定冠词 ) ；排列 beyond the range of…超越……的范围out of one’s range 某人达不到的这家商店商品品种多。The shop keeps____________________.a wide range of goods

14.Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the

atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。build up 逐步建立，增加，增进

build up one’s fortune

build up one’s strength

build up the business

This built up my hope after the interview.

Sediment (沉淀物 )builds up on the ocean

floor. collect 累积 , 收集

养精蓄锐累积财富

扩大 , 发展

增加 , 支持 , 树立

15.Even if we start reducing the amount of

carbon dioxide and other greenhouse

gases, the climate is going to keep on

warming for decades or centuries.

即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在（未来）几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。

even if (也作 even though) 即使；尽管。引导状语从句。如：Jody had all these feelings even if she

had no way to express herself. 即使乔迪没有办法表达自己，她还是感受到了这一切。Believe us. We will back you to the end

even if you fall. 相信我们，即使你失败，我们也支持你到底。

16. keep on doing 继续做某事 （ =continue/go on doing ）。如：We kept on studying late into the

night. 我们坚持学习到深夜。keep on doing 与 keep doing 在意思和用法上大致相同，经常可以互换使用。

但在表示“连续不断或持续的状态”时，常用 keep doing; 而在强调“继续干某事”（尽管动作是时断时续的）时，常用 keep on doing 。如：You should keep waiting here until he

comes. 你应当在这里一直等到他来。

Language points for Reading II

on behalf of  代表，为了He spoke on behalf of all the members of the

faculty and staff.

他代表全体教职员工讲了话。on sb.‘s behalf 以某人的名义 ; 为了某人 ; 代表某人 in behalf of For the benefit of; in the interest

of. 为了…；为了…利益

make a difference make a difference

(1) 有很大差别 , 有很大不同 (2) 有很大的关系 / 影响make some/ no difference to对 ... 有些 / 没有关系That makes no difference to me.那对我没有影响。Exercise can make a great difference to your health.锻炼对你的健康产生很大的影响。

put up with

put up with 忍受 ; 忍耐 ; 受苦That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up

with. 作为家庭主 妇 ,那女人得忍受很多烦恼。

知识拓展

put aside 节省 (钱、时间 );储蓄 ; 把……放在一边 put away 收拾起来 ; 储存 (钱 );喝掉 put back 放回原处 ; 拖延 put down 写下 ; 记下 ; 控制 put forward 提出 ( 意见、建议 );推荐 put off 延期 ; 推迟 put on 假装 ; 增加 ; 上演(戏剧 )

put out 熄灭 ; 使忧虑 ; 扑灭 ; 出版put up 举起 ; 张开 (伞 ); 张贴 ; 为……提供食宿

so long as / as long as

as long as 只要，如果As long as there is life there is hope.

留得生命在 , 不怕没希望 .

You can go out, as / so long as you promise

to be back before 11 o'clock.

你可以出去 , 只要你答应在 11点以前回来 .

I'll accept any job as / so long as I don't have

to get up early.

只要不必早起 , 任何工作我都可以接受 .

在用 as / so long as连接的从句中 , 当其谓语为 be,而主语和主句的主语相同时 , 则从句的主语和 be可以省略。如 :

I'm sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his

care.

我深信只要在他的保护下 , 我们就会平安无事 .

强调句型

一、 It is/was+ 被强调部分 + that+ 剩余的部分

被强调部分是人 who/whom/ that

+剩余的部分 注意 (被强调部分是 : 主语，宾语，表语或状

语 )1.强调句的连接词一般只用 that ； 强调人

时，可用 who ( 主语 ) 或 whom ( 宾语 ).2.强调句的时态一般为“ It was+…+that”3.强调句的一般疑问句句型： Is / Was +it + 所强调的部分 +that / who/ whom?

4.强调句的一般疑问句句型：疑问词 + 所强调的部分 +that / who/ whom?

1. 我是在街上遇见她的父亲的。 (强调在街上 )

2. 你是 8点开始工作的吗？（强调时间）

3. 正是因为她病了，他们才没见她做这项工作。

4. 他为什么不能回答这个问题？

It was in the street that I met her father.

Was it at eight o’clock that you began to work?

Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.

→It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.

Why was it that he couldn’t answer the question.

（强调原因）

判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is / was …that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。

It was in the street that I met her father. →In the street I met her father.

It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.→Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.

二、 not ... until ... 的强调形式 : It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... “直到…才…”，主要用于强调时间状语的强调句型。

I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. → Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.→ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

三、 句子谓语 的强调手段：do / does / did + 动词原形

e.g 我的确相信他是老实人。

I do believe that he is an honest man.

他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.

四、 What + 从句 + is / was …

是名词从句结构，常用来强调主语、宾语。

e.g 他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。（强调宾语）

What he wishes most is to become a pilot.

所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情

What + 从句 is …

所叙述的是过去发生的事情

What + 从句 was …

What interested me most was the beautiful scenery.

给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。（强调主语）What encouraged us was the example he set for us.

What + 从句 + is / was …使我最感兴趣的是那美丽的风景。 （强调主语）

巩固练习：1.It was ___ he said ____disappointed me.A. what ; that B. that; thatC. what; what D. that; what2. Is it in the factory _____ this type of cars are

produced?A. which B. where C. that D. / 3. Is it the factory______ this type of cars are

produced ?A. which B. where C. that D. /

4. _____ on Monday night that all this happened?A. Is it B. It is C. Was it D. It was5. It was _____ the old worker came that we _____

the experiment.A. until; didn’t begin B. not until; beganC. until began D. not until; didn’t begin 6. It is I ____ singing in the garden.A. who are B. who is C. that am D. that is

7. ---Why didn’t you answer when I spoke to you in the street this morning?

---I ___ but you didn’t hear me.

A. did answer B. didn’t want to answer

C. couldn’t answer D. was too busy

8. It is in the west of China _____ there is no doubt _____it is going to rain tomorrow.

A. where; whether B. that; that

C. that; whether D. where; that

10. It was the training _____ he had as a young man ____made him such a famous writer.

A. when; that B. that; when

C. that; who D. that; that

9. It was 1969___ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.

A. that B. when C. on which D. which

　 1. It was about 600 years ago ______ the first

clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when

　 2. It was only when I reread his poems recently

_____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until B. that C. then D. so

A

B

高考链接

3. It is these poisonous products ______ can cause

the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and

aching muscles.

A.who B. that C. how D. what

4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you

want me to say? 　　A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

B

A

5. It was ______ back home after the experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn’t go

6. It was with great joy ______ he received the

news that his lost daughter had been found.

A. because B. which C. since D. that

C

D