UNIT 4 – AOS 1 - MEMORY
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Transcript of UNIT 4 – AOS 1 - MEMORY
UNIT 4 – AOS 1 - MEMORYTERM 2 REFRESHER
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNT SO FAR THAT WE MUST NOT FORGET.....
P-VALUES ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL MEASURES OF RETENTION ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY SENSORY MEMORY: Function/Capacity/Duration ECHOIC MEMORY ICONIC MEMORY SHORT TERM MEMORY:
Function/Capacity/Duration ALLAN BADDELEY’S WORKING MEMORY
MODEL
P-VALUES
In scientific research, an alpha level of 0.05 significance is used as a benchmark to gauge whether a difference obtained in the findings is truly due to the influence of the independent variable and not attributed to chance.
Stricter probability values (P) of significance are sometimes employed, such as p< 0.01 (less than 1 in 100); p< 0.001 (less than 1 in 1000).
p< 0.07 p< 0.006 p< 0.049 p< 0.04 p< 0.5 p< 0.001 p< 0.001 p< 0.061
ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
Encoding Storage Retrieval
Incoming
Sensory
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Information is converted for storage
Information is retained in memory
Information is recovered from memory when needed
RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF THE MEASURES OF RETENTION
Retention Retrieval
Relearning
Recognition
Recall
High Sensitivity
Low Sensitivity
Cued
Serial
Free
Savings score= (original trials) – (trials for relearning)
(original trials)
THREE TYPES OF MEMORY – ATKINSON AND SHIFFRON MODEL
Sensory Memory(SM)
Short Term Memory (STM) or Working Memory
(WM)
Long-Term Memory(LTM)
Forgotten if not encoded or rehearsed.
Decay: not being used
Displacement: pushed out
Forgotten
Lost if not attended
to
Encoding and
StorageAttention
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Retrieval
SENSORY MEMORY: FUNCTION/CAPACITY/DURATION
ATKINSON AND SHFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY
CapacityUnlimited
Duration Approximately 0.2- 0.4 seconds
Approximately 3-4 seconds
Function To receive sensory information from the environment
ECHOIC MEMORY AND ICONIC MEMORY
Iconic (visual) Memory
Echoic (Auditory) Memory
Capacity Essentially that of the sensory system involved – very large
(Sperling)
Duration Approximately 0.2- 0.4 seconds
Approximately
3-4 seconds
Processing
NO additional beyond raw perceptual processing
7 + 2
Short – Term Memory holds
Seven + Two items
Short Term Memory
Capacity: Limited to approximately 7+2 bits of information
Duration: Approximately 18 -20 seconds
Function To receive information from SM for processingTo receive information from LTM for processing.
SHORT TERM MEMORY: FUNCTION/CAPACITY/DURATION
Input
LongTerm
Memory
Working Memory
Iconic(Visual)Memory
Echoic(Auditory)Memory
SensoryRegister
Visuospatial Sketch Pad(VISUAL)
CentralExecutive
PhonologicalLoop
(VERBAL)
ALLAN BADDELEY’S WORKING MEMORY MODEL
CHUNKING EXERCISEDIGIT SPAN TESTTRIAL 1
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SWA
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PGU DGO
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MDU NTU ASP
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UTH MBA ECX AZL
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QWE RTI TIO APS IFG
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HJI EZX CVA EMQ OWR UBV
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AXZ VUT OPT UHB TCI ODX ESZ
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PLA OJN IJN EHB OGV IFC EDR ZSE
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OBL EDT NWA OGR EVS CKI EQG IMK ULV
CHUNKING EXERCISETRIAL 2
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SAW
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PUG DOG
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MUD NUT SAP
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TUH MAB CEX ZAL
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QEW RIT ITO PAS FIG
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HIJ ZEX CAV MEQ WOR BUV
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XAZ VUT POT HUB TIC DOX SEZ
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PAL JON JIN HEB GOV FIC DER ZES
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BOL DET WAN GOR VES CIK QEG KIM LUV