Unit 3:Industrialization and Urbanization...J.P. Morgan •Banker and investor •Invested in Thomas...
Transcript of Unit 3:Industrialization and Urbanization...J.P. Morgan •Banker and investor •Invested in Thomas...
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Unit 3:Industrialization
and Urbanization
OHS US HISTORY TEAM
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Learning Objectives
• Describe the changes in American life that resulted from the inventions and innovations of business leaders and entrepreneurs of the period.
• Locate major industrial centers
• Describe how industrialization influenced the movement of people from rural to urban areas
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Bic Concepts
• During the Gilded Age many inventors and business leaders created economic growth.
• Steel, oil, railroads and electricity became big business in the United States
• New innovations and inventions made America the leading economy in the world and improved life for many
• Cities grew as “new immigrants” came to the United States for jobs
• Rural(countryside) to urban(city) migration increased the growth of cities
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Key Vocabulary
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Alexander Graham Bell
• Invented the telephone
• Evolution of communication letters to telegraphs to telephone
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Henry Bessemer
• English man who invented cheap way to make steel
• STEEL = stronger and more flexible than iron
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Bessemer
• Steel is lighter and stronger than iron which allows construction of:
• Railroads / Bridges (Brooklyn Bridge) / Skyscrapers: (Home Insurance Building in Chicago
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Andrew Carnegie
• Built the largest steel business in the United States
• Pennsylvania – Pittsburgh and Homestead
• Philanthropist – donated fortune to build libraries and community centers
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Thomas Edison
• Greatest American Inventor
• 1,000 patents (patent government protection of invention)
• Research laboratory in Menlo Park , New Jersey
• Electricity – electric motors, power supply, and light bulbs
• Invented the phonograph
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Major Inventions
Thomas Edison (1876)
1876:He opens Menlo Park (New Jersey) as a research lab. (America’s first)
Inventions
1. Light Bulb (1880)
2. Electricity (direct current)
a. His invention of the light bulb and help with electricity create more usable hours in the American day. (fuels more inventions)
b. His electricity is very dangerous and expensive
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Thomas Edison
Nicknamed “Wizard of Menlo Park”
General Electric (GE)
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J.P. Morgan
• Banker and investor
• Invested in Thomas Edison
• Edison Electric Company
• Buys Carnegie’s Steel Company
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John D. Rockefeller
• Created Standard Oil in Ohio
• Owned over 90% of the oil market (monopoly)
• Oil used for kerosene lamps and later the automobile
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a. Market Structures threaten Free Enterprise
(competition)
Monopolies
• Complete control over a market
• Buy out competitors then raise prices
• Examples:
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Nikola Tesla
• Serbian immigrant
• Worked Edison then left to start own research lab
• Electricity – Alternating Current –travel long distances from power
plants
• Fought “War of the Currents” with Thomas Edison and won.
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
• Wealthy railroad owner
• Built vast railroad empire in New York
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Magnate of the Railroads
Cornelius Vanderbilt (1860s)
i. Made initial money on sailing converted over to railways
ii. Donated money to create Vanderbilt University
iii. His son William eventually took over and ran business
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Madam CJ Walker
• African American Business woman
• Sold beauty products
• First female millionaire in the United States
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Largest Urban Areas
Northeast
Boston, Pittsburgh, New York City
Midwest
Chicago
West
San Francisco
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Chronology Timeline
1876-Bell invents telephone
1877 Vanderbilt dies had $205
billion
1879 – Edison patents the
lightbulb
1892 – Carnegie Steel created
in Pittsburgh
1895- Tesla’s Alternating
Current motors used at
Niagara Falls Power Station
1901 – JP Morgan buys
Carnegie steel for $303 million
1910-Madam CJ Walker
Company Created
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Continuity and change Unit 1, 2 to Unit 3
Continuity Change
Railroads
Immigration
Growth of cities
Steel and Oil Industry
New inventions – Electricity
and Telephone
Big Business most powerful
part of society