Unit 3 Minerals and RocksUnit 3 Minerals and Rocks

The Big Idea:Minerals and rocks are basic building blocks of Earth and can change over

time from one type of mineral or rock to another

Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral?Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral?Mineral-a naturally occurring,

inorganic solid with a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition.Elements- pure substances that

cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Atom-building block of matter, each element is made up of one kind

Compound- A substance made up of molecules of two or more elements

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Minerals

What’s the Matter with you?What’s the Matter with you?Matter- anything that has mass and

volume.Volume-amount of space something takes up.All minerals are solid, meaning each has a definite volume and shape.

http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/VGM/mineral-hall.htm

http://www.hcc.mnscu.edu/chem/V.17/page_id_19112.html

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Minerals

Crystals- solid geometric forms produced by a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules.

They can form from any of the following:

1. magma –change from liquid to solid

2. lava3. metamorphism- P & T

chemical makeup; no melting

4. Solutions-like water

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Minerals

Sort It Out

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•Silicate- combination of Si and O. 90% of earth’s crust•Nonsilicate – some are made of C, O, F, Fe, & S.

Classes of Nonsilicates (see page 147)1. Native elements-made of only 1 element2. Halides3. Sulfates4. Carbonates5. Oxides6. Sulfides

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Minerals

Name That Mineral!Properties of minerals

1. Color2. Streak3. Luster-light reflection4. Cleavage-split along planes

of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

5. Density6. Hardness-resistance to

being scratched7. Magnetism

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Minerals

http://harmonscience6.wikispaces.com/Minerals

http://www.fossilcartel.com/shop/products.php?cat=36&pg=2

http://teamforce.wikispaces.com/KGMK+4.1

Rock-combination of 1 or more minerals or organic matter, can be made of noncrystalline material

Rock Classification 1. Composition – makeup2. Texture- size, shape & positions of

grains

http://www.npenn.org/page/5061

Classified Information!

• Igneous rock- forms when magma cools and hardens. It forms on or beneath Earth’s surface.

1. Intrusive- magma intrudes, or pushes into surrounding rock below Earth’s surface, and cools. (i.e. course grain texture)

2. Extrusive-when lava erupts, or extrudes, onto Earth’s surface (i.e. fine grain texture)

Unit 3 Lesson 2 The Rock Cycle

Lay It On!

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

•Sedimentary rock- forms when sediment from older rocks or minerals that form from solutions get pressed and cemented together.

Formed by the following processes 1. Weathering2. Erosion3. Deposition4. Burial 5. Cementation.

Unit 3 Lesson 3 Three Classes of Rock

Sedimentary ClassificationsSedimentary Classifications

1. Clastic –buried, compacted & cemented together by calcite or quartz (conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and siltstone)

2. Chemical-forms when water, which usually contains dissolved minerals, evaportes (rock salt, flint, iron ore)

3. Organic-forms from the remains, or fossils, of once-living plants & animals (limestone, coal, oil shale)

The Heat Is On!

•Metamorphic rock-forms when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.

Unit 3 Lesson 3 Three Classes of Rock

Foliated- occurs when pressure causes the mineral grains in a rock to realign to form parallel bands Nonfoliated – do not have mineral grains that are aligned in planes or bands

http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml

Unit 3 Lesson 2 The Rock Cycle