Unit # 3 – Middle AgesLesson # 1 – Fall of Rome

Objective and Bell RingerEssential Question(s)What is manorialism and feudalism? How did it point the way to political and economic recovery in Western Europe?•Objective- Describe the Fall of Rome and its impact on Western Europe •Warm Up- Review Unit 2 Assessment Short AnswerAgenda•Guided Notes- Fall of Rome and Charlemagne•Middle Ages Flow Chart•Fall of Rome •Does History Repeat Itself?

Where are we?

•Unit # 3: Middle Ages

Reminders

•Unit # 2 Test must be made up or retested by September 29.

•Tutorial on Tuesdays from 2:30 to 3:30pm.

•If need additional practice for content, please come to tutorial.

FROM THE FALL OF ROME TO CHARLEMAGNE

GERMANIC KINGDOMS, CHARLEMAGNE, VIKINGS AND OTHER INVADERS

Kingdom of the Franks• After the fall of Rome, the Western Roman

Empire became a number of states ruled by German kings▫The only kingdom to last long was the

kingdom of the Franks• Established in Gaul (modern France) in the

late 400s by Clovis – Merovingian family▫He converted to Christianity around 500

when his troops won a difficult battle First Germanic ruler to do so

▫This conversion won Clovis the support of the Roman Catholic Church

• Following Frankish custom, his kingdom was divided among his sons after he died

.

•Different view of law Roman system – murder is a crime against the state, not the person

Germanic law – murder is a personal crime, could lead to a blood feud

▫Wergild – “money for a man” – a system using a fine was developed to avoid bloodshed after crimes such as murder Injured party’s family was paid a set amount of money (varied by social status)

▫Ordeal – one way of determining guilt, based on a belief that the gods would not let an innocent person be punished If the accused was unharmed after a physical trial, they are presumed innocent

Merovingian FamilyClovis = Clotilda

Theuderic I Chlodomer Childebert I Chlothar I

3 sons

Sigibert I Gunthram I Charibert I Chilperic I

= Brunhilda = Galswintha = Fredegund

Childebert II Chlothar II 2 stepchildren

SamsonTheudebert II Theuderic II Rigunth

Sigibert II Dagobert I

•One of these mayors was Charles Martel and he led the forces who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours (732), which stopped the spread of Islam into Europe▫Charles earned the nickname Martel,

which means “hammer” for his military skills and victories

Charlemagne•Charlemagne, which means “Charles the

Great” ruled from 768 – 814▫Strong warrior and statesman, and a devout

Christian▫Many historians consider him one of the

most important leaders in European history▫Unified Europe for the first time since the

fall of Rome•Expanded the Frankish kingdom –

Carolingian Empire

• Became the most powerful Christian leader when in 800 he was crowned as Emperor of the Roman People▫Restored the pope back to power after he had

been run out of Rome▫The pope thanked Charlemagne by making

him a Roman emperor The title implied that Charlemagne had restored the glory of the Roman Empire in Europe – idea of an enduring Roman empire

Charlemagne’s rule had the full backing of the church and God

• Charlemagne promoted learning which he led to the Carolingian Renaissance▫Renaissance = a rebirth of learning and

culture▫It was a renewed interest in Latin culture and

classical works of the Greeks and Romans

•Government structure▫Charlemagne established a permanent

capital, which other Frankish kings had not done

▫Chose officials called counts to rule parts of the empire in his name

▫Counts were bound by oath to obey Charlemagne and in return they were granted large tracts of land

•Charlemagne worked closely with the church to create a unified Christian empire▫He ordered the people he conquered to

convert to Christianity under the penalty of death

▫Sent monks to live among the conquered people

•Developed a written legal code

Invaders•The relative peace of Charlemagne

brought to western Europe did not last long▫Invaders came from many directions

•Magyars▫Invaded from the east, originally from

central Asia▫Fierce warriors and skilled horsemen

•Muslims▫Invaded from the south

In the 700s the Muslims crossed over from northern Africa and conquered Spain, which they would rule for the next 700 years

Muslim Spain was mostly a land of tolerance, where Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in peace

▫800s and 900s, the Muslims decided to raid instead of invading Raided southern France, Italy, and even sacked Rome

▫Muslim pirates attacked ships sailing the Mediterranean

The Vikings•The fiercest warriors were the Vikings•Also known as Norsemen or the

Northmen▫Came from Scandinavia – countries of

Norway, Denmark, and Sweden•Viking Raids

▫Great shipbuilders and sailors, ships could carry crews of 100 and could cross the ocean

▫Viking raids were quick and devastating There was no warning before a Viking attack

Fast-moving ships allowed the Vikings to reach their targets quickly

Could sail upriver to attack inland They killed or captured anyone in their way, took what they wanted, and sailed away

▫First targets of Viking raids were England and northern France, but were soon far-reaching They even attacked Russia and Baghdad

▫Among the Vikings’ favorite targets were monasteries

•Viking Settlements▫One of the first places settled by the Vikings

was Iceland, followed years later by Greenland

▫Vikings under the command of Leif Eriksson even reached North America, settling on the eastern shore of Canada They were the first Europeans to reach North America

▫One king of France, tired of the Viking raids, made a deal with a Viking chief named Rollo In return for no more raiding and even defending France against other Vikings, the Vikings would be given land

This area would become known as Normandy, or the land of the Northmen

•The threat of these invaders and the lack of a strong central government led to a new political and social system as people turned to local landed aristocrats to protect them - Feudalism

Kingdom of the Franks• After the fall of Rome, the Western Roman

Empire became a number of states ruled by German kings▫The only kingdom to last long was the

kingdom of the Franks• Established in Gaul (modern France) in the

late 400s by Clovis – Merovingian family▫He converted to Christianity around 500

when his troops won a difficult battle First Germanic ruler to do so

▫This conversion won Clovis the support of the Roman Catholic Church

• Following Frankish custom, his kingdom was divided among his sons after he died

.

•Different view of law Roman system – murder is a crime against the state, not the person

Germanic law – murder is a personal crime, could lead to a blood feud

▫Wergild – “money for a man” – a system using a fine was developed to avoid bloodshed after crimes such as murder Injured party’s family was paid a set amount of money (varied by social status)

▫Ordeal – one way of determining guilt, based on a belief that the gods would not let an innocent person be punished If the accused was unharmed after a physical trial, they are presumed innocent

•One of these mayors was Charles Martel and he led the forces who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours (732), which stopped the spread of Islam into Europe▫Charles earned the nickname Martel,

which means “hammer” for his military skills and victories

Classwork

•Read “Does history repeat itself”•Complete Fall of Roman Empire reading

and “Does history repeat itself”• Essential Question: What causes a

society to decline?

On new page using the entire page, Copy this flow ChartLeave space in each box to complete information at a later time

LINKING IT ALL TOGETHER

Reasons for Decline of Rome

Weak Leadership Economic Crisis

Social Unrest and Insecurity Invasions

Read pp. 188-191 in textbook. Provide supporting details for each cause of the fall of Rome.

In a paragraph explain which had the biggest impact.

Does History Repeat Itself?•Annotate the document•Highlight, underline, make comments, write questions•Answer Questions/Complete chart on reverse Side

▫For each question, find the passage in the reading that supports (highlight and number it)

•Time: 20 minutes

So…does it?

•How is the current United States similar to the Roman Empire?

•How is the current United States dissimilar to the Roman Empire?

• Is the passage misleading to the reader? How so?

•Are your comparisons subjective (opinion) or objective (fact)?

•Do you think the end is near for the United States? Why or why not?

Exit Ticket

•Essential Question: What causes a society to decline?

Answer in 2-3 sentences

Bell Ringer

•Unit #3 Definition Maps•Create a graphic organizer

for each term on the next slide that includes the following:

•Word•Definition•Drawing or illustration•2 characteristics•1 example

Word

DefinitionExample

2 characteristics Illustration