Unit 3 Grammar:

The use of “it”

-----By Chenghongtao

Read and analyze the following sentences. S1. What is this? It is a cellphone. S2. What is that? It is his dictionary. S3. Whose book is this? It is Mr Cheng’s. S4. Where is your English book? It is here. S5. My cat is missing, I can’t find it anywhere.

Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer to?

Draw a conclusion: it --- 词性 ? ______

可以用作人称代词，代指 ___________________

还可以替代指示代词 _____ 或 ______.

Pron.

前文提到的事物 .

that.this.

Read and analyze the following sentences. It is Friday today.

It was very cold last Monday. It is about 8:30 now. It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city. It is 40°C ! You got a high fever! Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer t

o? Conclusion :it 可以用作非人称代词，表示 _____,

_____,______,______,______,______, 等。

Dateweather

timedistance

place

Temperature

日期天气 时间 距离 地点 温度

Read and analyze the following sentences. It is obvious that the water was to blame. It is true that he will treat me for breakfast tomo

rrow. It is certain that our class will do a good job in t

he final exam. Is it possible that he will become the chairman

of our country? It is amazing that at my age I still look like a stu

dent! 分析： it 是 ______ , 句子真正的主语是—

— ____________

形式主语that 引导的主语从句

牢记以下常用于该句型的形容词 It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certain /a

mazing/ridiculous 等 + that 从句 .

思考：为什么要用 it 做形式主语而把真正主语放到后面去？

遵循英语语言的尾重原则，避免句子头重脚轻。

跟踪训练 1 ： It is+ adj. + that 从句 很明显他已经知道了那个坏消息。

真的，我一点都不喜欢她的绵羊音。（ sheep voice ）

姚明篮球比易建联打得好是肯定的。

很有可能火箭队不能进入季后赛（ playoffs ）

It is obvious that he has known the bad news.

It is true that I don’t like her sheep voice at all.

It is certain that Yaoming plays basketball better than Yijianlian.

It is possible that Rockets can’t enter the playoffs.

下面两道题有什么特别之处？ 1.It was urgent that he _________ her imm

ediately.

A. calls B. called C. call D. would call 2.It is strange that such a thing ___ in you

r school.

A.  will happen  B.  happens 

C.  should happen   D.  happened

回顾第二单元有关虚拟语气语法

It is strange that_______________________.

他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。

It is a great pity that___________________.

他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。

It is natural that___________________________.

鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。

It is necessary that___________________________.

有必要立即派他去北京。

It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟 , 即 (should)+ 动词原形

he ( should ) say so

he ( should ) think so

a bird ( should ) rest in trees

he be sent to Beijing right away

对比归纳

It is necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句 与 It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certain /amazing/ridiculous 等 + that 从句

最大的区别是？

第一种结构中 that 后面的动词要用虚拟语气即 (should)+V 原，而第二种结构则使用陈述语气。

跟踪训练 2 你应该每天花些时间学英语这很重要。

很奇怪他今天居然带着那么多钱。

真是令人惊讶袁隆平经常去游泳，而且游得很快。

你有必要向老师征求一些意见。

It is important that you should spend some time learning English every day.

It is strange that he should take so much money with him today.

It is amazing that Yuanlongping often goes swimming and swims fast.

It is necessary that you should ask your teacher for some advice.

小结回顾：关于 it 做形式主语的两种句型 1.It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certai

n /amazing/ridiculous 等 + that 从句 2.It is necessary/strange/natural/ importan

t/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句 注意其区别

That 从句动词使用陈述语气

That 从句动词使用虚拟语气

Read and analyze the following sentences. S1.It is not easy to stop smoking. (Text, web p

age, line 1) S2.It was difficult to quit. (Text, letter, line 19) 在 S1 与 S2 中， it 的作用是 _________, 真正

主语是 _____________. S3.It is no good crying over spilt milk. S4.It is no use casting pearls before swine . 在 S3 与 S4 中， it 的作用是 _________, 真正

主语是 _____________. 构成如下结构：It is +no use/no good/not any good/not any u

se+ doing sth. 其含义是？？

形式主语不定式短语

动名词短语形式主语

跟踪练习 3 ： 在一个小时内完成任务是不可能的。

学好英语要花很长时间。

对我来说回答这个问题很难。

你没有参加这个聚会是个遗憾。

It is impossible to finish the task in an hour.

It takes long time to learn English well.

It is difficult for me to answer this question.

It is a pity that you did not take part in the party.

小结： it 做形式主语

It 可以在句中充当形式主语，真正主语可以由______ 引导的主语从句充当，还可以由 ______ 以及 _________ 短语充当。that

不定式 动名词

Read and analyze the following sentences. S1.A mouse barked like a dog and drove a cat

away , so he said to his son “ I think it important to learn a foreign language.”

S2.We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

分析： S1 与 S2 句型中的 it 是 ____________,真正宾语是 ___________.

建议用 6123 结构来记忆该结构。

形式宾语不定式短语

6123 结构 We think it our duty to clean our classroom ev

ery day. I believe it important keeping notes. He found it difficult that he would finish the task in

an hour. 6--- 主句常用的 6 个动词 ---think, believe, make, fi

nd, consider, feel. 1--- 形式宾语 it 2--- 紧跟在 it 后的宾语补足语，有两种形式，形容

词或者名词。 3--- 真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语；动名词短

语； that 引导的宾语从句。

跟踪练习 4. 用形式宾语造句 don’t you think/useful/to learn a foreign

language/

we think/ necessary/to practice oral English/every day/

Don’t you think it useful to learn a foreign language?

We think it necessary to practice oral English every day.

the students/ consider/no use/reading aloud/in the morning/

he made/ certain/ she had gone abroad/

The students consider it no use reading aloud in the morning.

He made it certain that she had gone abroad.

仿写句子 Eg. I think it difficult that I have to get up at 4 a.m. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。

We think it our duty to make our hometown more beautiful.

她觉得对他没有什么好担心的。

I think it very strange that he goes for awalk almost every night.

She thought it no good worrying about him.

Homework

导航， P41 第二大题，用形式主语或形式宾语造句。