Unit 3

Adjectives, Adverbs, and Phrases

Review of Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjective-modifies a noun or a pronounAdverb-may modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

*Most adverbs end in –ly (clearly, happily, eagerly), but not all adverbs. Moreover, a few common adjectives end in –ly..

Review of Adjectives/Adverbs

Adjectives Adverbsa short race She stopped short.a close call Stand close to me.a high shelf She jumped high.a right answer Do it right.a first time She left first.a hard problem He tried hard.a straight path Drive straight. a last chance We play last.a fast start Walk fast.

Adjective or Adverbs1) I took Sherlock on a nightly walk. 2) The unfriendly neighbor built a tall

fence.3) She looked happily out the window.4) Has he been studying math

regularly?5) They dug a hole deep enough to

plant the tree.6) The weekly meeting was scheduled

for Thursday mornings.

Prepositions/AdverbsWords that are sometimes prepositions can act as adverbs. A preposition requires an object. An adverb does not.

O A single word acting as an adverb answers where, when, how or to what degree about the verb.

If you want to see the eclipse, you will need to go outside. O OUTSIDE tells you where YOU WILL NEED TO GO.

O When the same word is a preposition, the entire prepositional phrase acts as an adverb modifying the verb.

O Dorothy colors outside the lines. O OUTSIDE THE LINES is an adverbial phrase and OUTSIDE is a

preposition.

NOTE: LINES is the object of the preposition..

To determine whether a word is an adverb or a preposition, look at what follows the word.

Is there a noun acting as an object of the word? In other words, is there a word that answers the question WHAT? about the word.

O It will be some time before his schedule settles down.

DOWN tells the reader WHERE the schedule settles. There is no object following it.

O One need only look down the roster to see the impact of so much travel.

ROSTER answers the question WHAT? about the word DOWN. One need only look down what? THE ROSTER. ROSTER is the object of the preposition DOWN.

Adverb and Adjective Phrases

An adjective phrase modifies a noun or pronoun. It tells which one or what kind.

Example:O The newspaper from Chicago is my favorite.

An adverb phrase modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It tells when, how, where, or to what extent.

Example:O In the morning, I read the newspaper.

More Examples

O The whale with the unusual markings is our favorite.

(adjective phrase; tells which whale)

O The whales in the water park show performed with ease.

(adverb phrase; tells how)

Exercise 1Underline the adjective phrase in each sentence. Write the word it modifies.

1. Horseshoe crabs resemble hard hats with long tails.2. They are close relatives of spiders.3. The mouth of the horseshoe crab is well hidden.4. It is an opening underneath the crab’s body.

Exercise 2Underline the adverb phrase in each sentence. Write the word(s) it modifies.

5. Whales are the largest mammals that live on the Earth.6. Whales behave with great intelligence.7. A whale must breathe air through its lungs.8. Whales can dive for long periods.

Exercise 39. One rock sample from the moon is 4,720 million years old. 10. The rock was collected by the Apollo space mission. 11. The daytime temperature on the lunar equator is 243°F. 12. A black hole is formed by a star’s complete collapse. 13. About 150 meteorites from space pound the Earth each year. 14. An Alaskan, Mrs. E. H. Hodges, is the only person hurt by a falling meteorite.

Creative ActivityDirections: Visit six of the fifteen photos displayed around the room. Write a complete sentence using an adjective phrase and a complete sentence using an adverb phrase about someone in the photo. Underline or highlight the phrase and label.

Examples-The Flyers scored in the third period. (ADV) The player, with the Flyers jersey, scored the goal. (ADJ)