Slide 1

Unit 2B: Biology of Mind

Slide 2

Objective 8: Explain the functions of the motor & sensory cortex & association area. Lobes Frontal lobes Frontal lobes motor area & speaking planning, judgment / morality Parietal lobes Parietal lobes sensory input for touch & body position Occipital lobes Occipital lobes vision Temporal lobes Temporal lobes hearing

Slide 3

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATz3A dbjyRI&list=PL1DFCAC7F7CF68241

Slide 4

cerebral cortex: information processing center Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Corpus Callosum Thalamus Pons Cerbellum Medulla Brainstem Brain Stem = cross wiring left hemi controls right body Objective 7: Explain the functions of the old brain & limbic system.

Slide 5

Brainstem oldest; beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; automatic survival functions Medulla Medulla Base of brain; heartbeat & breathing Pons Coordinate movements

Slide 6

The Thalamus (midbrain) Thalamus sensory switchboard All the senses EXCEPT smell go through here

Slide 7

The Cerebellum (midbrain) Cerebellum Little brain discriminate sound & texture judge time movement memory of movement=muscle memory

Slide 8

The Limbic System(midbrain) Limbic System hippocampus (#11) memory amygdala (#8) fear & aggression hypothalamus (#5) controls eating, and other hormonal drives sex, thirst, etc reward centers emotions & drives

Slide 9

Objective 8: Explain the functions of the motor & sensory cortex & association area. Lobes Frontal lobes Frontal lobes motor area & speaking planning, judgment / morality Parietal lobes Parietal lobes sensory input for touch & body position Occipital lobes Occipital lobes vision Temporal lobes Temporal lobes hearing

Slide 10

Move RIGHT hand in circular motion as if polishing the desk. Now start your RIGHT foot doing the same, synchronizing with the hand. Now reverse the foot motion but not the hand. Now try moving LEFT foot opposite the right hand.

Slide 11

Functions of the Cortex Motor Functions Motor Cortex Penfield & Foerster mapped motor cortex precise movements occupy greatest cortical space

Slide 12

What might happen if we implanted a device to detect motor activity? Could such a device cause a robotic limb to move for a paralyzed person? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRt8QCx3BCo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppILwXwsMng Man & Robotic Arm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sm2d0w87wQE Monkey Controls Robotic arm w/ brain Neural Prosthetics

Slide 13

Functions of the Cortex Sensory Functions Sensory cortex The more sensitive a body region, the larger the sensory cortex devoted to it

Slide 14

Association Areas Area of cerebral cortex involved in higher mental functions, such as speaking, thinking, learning & remembering Electronically probing these areas WILL NOT trigger any observable response Found in all four lobes Judgment, planning, processing new memories

Slide 15

Phineas Gage Association areas areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. Frontal lobes Phineas Gage Parietal lobes (math/spatial reasoning) Temporal lobes (facial recognition) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =c6kRP41ygrI Homework

Slide 16

Objective 9: Explain how the brain processes language.

Slide 17

Objective 10: Explain how a damaged brain reorganize itself? Brain Damage Plasticity the brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. Constraint-induced therapy Neurogenesis The formation of new neurons

Slide 18

Language

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Brocas area or to Wernickes area. Brocas area (muscle movement involved in speech) Brocas area Wernickes area (language comprehension & expression) Wernickes area Brocas: disrupts speaking Angular Gyrus: Can speak & understand but cant read teat Wernickes: speak meaningless words & disrupts understanding

Slide 24

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcjEKjJTmNk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKTdMV6cOZw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpkH25XVpFU Sarah Scott Brocas Patient Sarah Scott Brocas Patient Update (4 yrs later) Wake Surgery - Tumor Wernickes Aphasia

Slide 25

Point to remember Minds subsytems are localized in particular brain regions, yet the brain acts as a unified whole Specialization & Integration

Slide 26

Our Divided Brain Objective 6: What do split brains reveal about the functions of our two brain hemispheres?

Slide 27

Splitting the Brain Vogel and Bogen Corpus-callosum Corpus-callosum Split brain Split brain Myers and Gazzaniga

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Right-Left Differences in the Intact Brain Right face seems happier because the RH, which is skilled in emotional processing, receives information the LVF (left side of each face)

Slide 41

Left Right language sign language calculations literal perceptual task inferences insight meaning Whats that in the road ahead? Whats that in the road, a head? sense of self faces Right-Left Brain Differences