Unit-2 Personality.pptx

7/27/2019 Unit-2 Personality.pptx

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Unit 2 : Personality


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Definition :

Personality refers to the internal and externaltraits of an individual which are relatively

stable and which make the individual

different from others.

Personality Traits

Enduring characteristics that describe anindividuals behavior.


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Personality Determinants :

Heredity ; Environment ;

Situation ;

Social ;

Family.


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Personality Theories

Humanist ic Trai t Type

mans potential for attribute of a person people

are grouped into

self-direction and that appears consistently identifiablecategories

Freedom of choice in a variety of situation ex.Structure , psychological

factor

Psychoanalyt ic Social LearningSigmund Freud learning through

reinforcement

Id.: raw, unorganised ; ,direct experience ,by

observing

Ego: reality ; others.Superego: values ,norms,


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Personality Traits :

1.The Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions:

a. Extroversion :- Reflects a persons comfort level with

relationships.

Extroverts :sociable , talkative , open to establish new

relationships.

Introverts :less sociable, less talkative, reluctant for new

relationships.

b. Agreeableness :

- Refers to a persons ability to get along with

others.

Highly agreeableness :Value harmony , cooperative ,


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c. Conscientiousness:

- Refers to the number of goals that a person focuses on.

Highly conscientious : focus on few goals at time ,Organized

,responsible, dependable.Low conscientious :focus on many goals at time, careless

,irresponsible.

d. Emotional Stability :

- individuals ability to cope with the stress;

Positive emotional stability: calm, enthusiastic and secure.

Low emotional stability: nervous , depressed and insecure.

e.Openness :

- Addresses ones range of interests.

Extremely open people: listen to new ideas, changes,innovative .

Less open people :less receptive to new ideas and


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2. Myers- Briggs Type Indicator

- Developed by Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs-Myers ;

- A personality test mainly used for hiring that measures thefollowing traits;

1.

Extroversion How people prefer toIntroversion

focus their attention

2.

Sensing collection of information

Intuition

organised to acquire non-systematicfactual information


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3.

Thinking process and evaluate

Feelingrely on rational informationconsider how their

cause-effect logic to choicesaffect

make decisions. others.

4.

Judging orient themselves to thePercieving

order and structure other world flexible, adapt to

in relationship withspontaneous event


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Major Personality Traits that affect OB

1. Core Self-evaluation

Self-esteem :Individuals degree of liking or disliking

themselves

Locus of Control:The degree to which people believethey are masters of their own fate.

a.Internals (Internal locus of control)

Individuals who believe that they control what happens to

them.b.Externals (External locus of control)

Individuals who believe that what happens to them is

controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.


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2.Machiavellianism

Individuals propensity to manipulate people.

Prone to participate in organisational politics ;

Adept to play interpersonal game playing , power tactics

,identifying influence systems in the organisation.

3. Narcissism :

Has grandiose sense of self-importance

Requires excessive admiration

Has a sense of entitlement

Is arrogant

Tends to be rated as less effective


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4.Self-Monitoring

A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to

adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.High Self-Monitors

Receive better performance ratings

Likely to emerge as leaders

Show less commitment to their organizations

5.Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and

perseveres until meaningful change occurs.

Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or

even in spite of constraints or obstacles.


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6.Risk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers

Make quicker decisions Use less information to make decisions

Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations

Low Risk-taking ManagersAre slower to make decisions

Require more information before making decisions

Exist in larger organizations with stable environments

Risk PropensityAligning managers risk-taking propensity to job

requirements should be beneficial to organizations.


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7.Personality Types:

Type As

1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;

2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events takeplace;

3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;

4. cannot cope with leisure time;

5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success interms of how many or how much of everything they

acquire.

Type Bs

1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with itsaccompanying impatience;

2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements

or accomplishments;

3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their


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Measuring Personality

Important to :

- Make hiring decisions;

- Understand people , so as to manage them better ;Methods :

1. Self-report Survey :

- Most common way , in which the individuals assess themselves.

2. Observer-rating survey :

-an independent assessment done by a third person .

3. Rorschach Inkblot Test :

-the individual is supposed to state what inkblots seem toresemble;

4. Thematic Apperception Test :

- Individual is required to write stories on a series pictures

(drawing /photos) cards.

Unit-2 Personality.pptx

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