Unit 2
description
Transcript of Unit 2
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The Periodic Table
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Describe the Periodic Table
OThe periodic table is a chemistry reference
OIt arranges all the known elements in an informative grid
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Describe the Periodic Table
OElements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number
OThis order usually coincides with increasing atomic mass
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MENDELEEV PERIODIC TABLE
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SYMBOLS
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SYMBOL
IT IS THE SHORTEST WAY OF REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
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FIRST LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOL
CarbonSulfur
HydrogenOxygenNitrogenFluorineBoronIodine
CSHONFBI
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FIRST AND SECOND LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLLithiumHelium
Beryllium AluminumBromineCalciumNeon Argon
LiHeBeAlBrCa NeAr
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FIRST AND THIRD LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLChlorine
MagnesiumManganeseAstatine Rubidium
ZincChromium Strontium
ClMgMnAtRbZnCrSr
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FIRST AND FOURTH LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLCaesiumPlatinumThallium
Promethium Neodymium
TerbiumBerkelium
Einsteinium
CsPtTl
PmNdTbBkEs
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FROM ITS ‛LATIN’ NAME
ELEMENTS LATIN NAME SYMBOL
SodiumPotassium
IronCopperSilver
TinAntimony
LeadMercury
GoldTungsten
NatriumKaliumFerrumCuprum
ArgentumStannumStibium
PlumbumHydragyrum
AurumWolfram
NaKFeCuAgSnSbPbHgAuW
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Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) Cu
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) SiC. Iron
1) Ir 2) In 3) Fe
D. Magnesium
1) Mn 2) Ma 3) Mg
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Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:Select the correct name for each:A. N
1) Neon 2) Nitrogen 3) Nickel
B. P1) Potassium 2) Pollonium 3)
PhosphorusC. Al
1) Astatine 2) Argon 3) Aluminum
D. C 1)Carbon 2) Cobalt 3) Copper
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1 TO 20
ELEMENTS
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HYDROGENTO
CALCIUM
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HYDROGENAt: No: 1Mass No:1Lightest gasUsed as a fuel
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HELIUMAt: No: 2Mass No:4Lightest inert gasUsed to fill balloons
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LITHIUMAt: No: 3Mass No:7Alkali metalLow density
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BERYLLIUMAt: No: 4Mass No:9Alkaline Earth Metal
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BORONAt: No: 5Mass No:11Non - metal
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CARBONAt: No: 6Mass No:12Non-metal
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NITROGENAt: No: 7Mass No:14Non-metal
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OXYGENAt: No: 8Mass No:16Respiration
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FLUORINEAt: No: 9Mass No:19Reactive non-metal
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NEONAt: No: 10Mass No:20Inert gas
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SODIUMAt: No: 11Mass No:23Alkali metal
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MAGNESIUMAt: No: 12Mass No:24Alkaline Earth metal
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ALUMINIUMAt: No: 13Mass No:27Metal
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SILICONAt: No: 14Mass No:28Non - metal
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PHOSPHOROUS
At: No: 15Mass No:31Non - metal
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SULFURAt: No: 16Mass No: 32Non -metal
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CHLORINEAt: No: 17Mass No: 35.5Greenish – yellow gas
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ARGONAt: No: 18Mass No: 18Used to fill light bulbs
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POTASSIUMAt: No: 19Mass No: 39Alkali metals
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CALCIUMAt: No: 20Mass No: 40Alkaline Earth metals
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The Periodic Table of the elements is a useful way of classifying the elements. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a group.The elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.The noble gases are a group of veryunreactive elements.
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GROUPS
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VERTICAL COLUMNS
ARE CALLED GROUPS
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THERE ARE 8
GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC
TABLE
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.
They have the same number of valence electrons.
They will form the same kinds of ions.
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1 st GROUPALKALI
METALS
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2 nd GROUPALKALINE
EARTH METALS
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3rdGROUPBORON FAMILY
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4th GROUPCARBONFAMILY
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5th GROUPNITROGEN
FAMILY
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6th GROUPOXYGENFAMILY
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7 th GROUPHALOGENS
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8th GROUPNOBLE GASES OR INERT GASES OR
ZERO GROUPELEMENTS
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d-BLOCK ELEMENTS
TRANSITION METALS
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RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTSLANTHANIDE
S
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RADIOACTIVE
ELEMENTSACTINIDES
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PERIODS
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HORIZONTAL ROWS
ARE CALLED PERIODS
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THERE ARE 7
PERIODS
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PERIODS SHOW THE NUMBER OF SHELLS IN AN ATOM
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1 st PERIOD IS THE
SHORTEST PERIOD WITH 2 ELEMENTS
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2nd AND 3rd PERIOD ARE THE SHORT
PERIODS WITH 8 ELEMENTS
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4th AND 5th PERIOD ARE THE LONG
PERIODS WITH 18 ELEMENTS
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6tH PERIOD IS THE LONGEST PERIOD WITH 32 ELEMENTS
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7tH PERIOD IS THE
LONGEST INCOMPLETE
PERIOD
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PERIODIC TABLE
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GROUP – I ELEMENTSOLITHIUM
OSODIUM OPOTASSIUMORUBIDIUMOCESIUMOFRANCIUM
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GROUP I ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE CALLED AS ALKALI METALSO THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH
KNIFEO THEY ARE HIGHLY REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE STORED UNDER OILO THEY HAVE HIGH M.PT AND B.PTO THEY HAVE LOW DENSITYO THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTORSO THAY ARE STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
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THEY ARE STORED UNDER OIL
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THEY REACT WITH WATER TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN
GAS AND AN ALKALI
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THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH A
KNIFE
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LITHIUM
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SODIUM
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POTASSIUM
KK
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RUBIDIUMO Rb
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CESIUMO Cs
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GROUP – VII ELEMENTS
OFLUORINEOCHLORINEOBROMINEOIODINEOASTATINE
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HalogensO Definition- nonmetallic elements in group 17, that have 7 electrons in the outer most energy level and combines with many metals to form salts- term comes from Greek means “salt former”
Salt: a compound composed of positive and negative ions arranged in a regular 3D pattern
- most reactive group of nonmetals- varying physical properties, similar chemical properties
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GROUP – VII ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE VERY REACTIVE NON-METALSO THEY ARE STRONG OXIDISING AGENTSO THEY ARE POOR CONDUCTORSO THEIR M.PT & B.PT INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR DENSITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUPO THEIR COLOUR INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR REACTIVITY DECREASES DOWN THE GP
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FLUORINE IS A PALE YELLOW GAS.
IT IS THE MOST REACTIVE NON- METAL
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CHLORINE IS A GREENISH - YELLOW
GAS
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BROMINE IS A REDDISH – BROWN
LIQUID
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IODINE IS A PURPLE SOLID
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ASTATINE IS A BLACK SOLID
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DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
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DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
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TEST FOR HALOGENS
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COLOUR OF THE PPT
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GROUP – VIII ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE CALLED AS ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS NOBLE OR INERT GASES
O THEY ARE COLOURLESS GASES AT R.T.PO THEIR OUTEROST SHELL IS
COMPLETELY FILLEDO THEY ARE NON-FLAMMABLEO THEY
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Noble GasO Definition
- elements in group 18 that are characterized by low reactivity- term comes from noble people, did not associate with anyone other then their kind- characterized by an octet of electrons in the outermost energy level; (happy)
- exception of helium- very stable, (unreactive)- colorless, odorless- practical applications: balloons, illumination
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INERT GASES
OHELIUMONEONOARGONOKRYPTONOXENONORADON
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HELIUM
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NEON
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ARGON
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KRYPTON
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XENON
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TRANSITION METALSO THEY ARE LOW REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE HARD , ROUGH AND STRONGO THEY ARE USED TO MAKE ALLOYSO THEY FORM COLOUED COMPOUNDSO THEY ACT AS A CATALYSTO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT OXIDATION
STATEO THEY HAVE HIGH DENSITY, M.PT & B.PT
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COPPER
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SILVER
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GOLD
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MERCURY
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IRON
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PLATINUM
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TUNGSTEN
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CATALYSTOIT IS THE SUBATANCE THAT INCREASES THE SPEED OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT ITSELF UNDER-GOING ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE
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IRONO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING
OF AMMONIA BY HABER PROCESS
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VANADIUM (V) OXIDEO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING
OF SULPHURIC ACID IN CONTACT PROCESS
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TITANIUM CHLORIDEO IT IS USED IN POLYMERISATION
REACTIONS
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MANGANESE(IV)OXIDE
O IT IS USED IN THE DECOMPOSITION HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
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NICKELO IT IS USED IN THE HYDROGENATION
REACTIONS,IE IN THE PREPARATION OF MARGARINE
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COLOURED COMPOUNDS
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COPPER SALTS