Unit 1B

NFPA Safety Label

SAFETY

Safety Shower• Emergency safety showers are

found in labs where workers or students are exposed to hazardous chemicals, toxic substances or flames.

• Information• 15 minutes• Even if you don’t feel anything

EYE WASH FOUNTAIN• If you get something in

your eye – GET IT OUT IMMEDIATLEY!! (don’t wait until later)

• Hold your eyelid OPEN and don’t squint

• Run fresh water over your eye for 15 minutes

• Go to school nurse immediately afterward

• Don’t worry about makeup!

SAFETY GOGGLES

• Goggles are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes.

• MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES!!

FIRE

• The majority of lab fires have resulted from mental or procedural errors or carelessness.

• Minimize materials.• Do NOT mix

chemicals unless

told to do so by

the teacher 

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• HOW TO USE A PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Remember the acronym, "P.A.S.S.“

• P ......Pull the Pin.

• A ......Aim extinguisher nozzleat the base of the flames.

• S ......Squeeze trigger whileholding the extinguisher upright

• S ......Sweep the extinguisher From side to side, covering the

area of the fire withthe extinguishing agent.

MSDS Sheets

• MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet

• Form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance– Physical data (melting point)– Toxicity– Health effects– First aid– Reactivity

FLAMMABILITY

• How easily a substance will burn or ignite causing fire or combustion

CORROSIVENESS

• destruction or irreversible damage to another surface or substance with which it comes into contact.

• The main hazards to people include damage to the eyes, the skin, and the tissue under the skin; inhalation or ingestion of a corrosive substance can damage the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

• Exposure results in chemical burn.

Radioactivity

• radioactive materials are extremely hazardous when inhaled

• All materials are made of atoms. • Radioactive atoms are unstable; that is, they have too

much energy. • When radioactive atoms release their extra energy, they

are said to decay. • All radioactive atoms decay. • After releasing all their excess energy, the atoms

become stable and are no longer radioactive. • The time required for decay depends upon the type of

atom.

Toxicity

• degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism.

NFPA

• National Fire Protection Association

• Diamond label found on chemicals that indicate flammability, reactivity, health concerns, and other potential hazards

Oxidizer

• will act as an oxygen source, and thus to readily stimulate the combustion of organic materials

• it takes three components for a fire to happen – a fuel source (usually an organic compound,

such as paper)– an ignition source (such as a flame, a

spark, friction, etc.) &

– an oxygen source (a strong oxidizer)

NFPA Diamond Label

• What do the numbers and symbols on an NFPA fire diamond mean?

• The diamond is broken into four sections. Numbers in the three colored sections range from 0 (least severe hazard) to 4 (most severe hazard). The fourth (white) section is left blank and is used only to denote special fire fighting measures/hazards.

Health Hazard

• Health Hazard

• 4

Very short exposure could cause death or serious residual injury even though prompt medical attention was given.

• 3

Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical attention was given.

• 2

Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical attention is given.

• 1

Exposure could cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment is given.

• 0Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary

combustible materials.

Flammability• 4

Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily.

• 3

Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient conditions.

• 2

Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high temperature before ignition can occur.

• 1

Must be preheated before ignition can occur.• 0

Materials that will not burn.

Instability• 4

Readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.

• 3

Capable of detonation or explosive reaction, but requires a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation, or reacts explosively with water.

• 2

Normally unstable and readily undergo violent decomposition but do not detonate. Also: may react violently with water or may form potentially explosive mixtures with water.

• 1

Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

• 0

Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and are not reactive with

water.

Special HazardsThis section is used to denote special hazards. There are only three NFPA

704 approved symbols: • OX

This denotes an oxidizer, a chemical which can greatly increase the rate of combustion/fire.

• SA

This denotes gases which are simple asphyxiants. The only gases for which this symbol is permitted are nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.. The use of this hazard symbol is optional.

• Unusual reactivity with water. This indicates a potential hazard using water to fight a fire involving this material. When a compound is both water-reactive and an oxidizer, the W/bar symbol should go in this quadrant and the OX warning is placed immediately below the NFPA diamond.

SYMBOLS

Biohazard

Radioactive Material

Toxic

Irritant or Potential Harmful

Flammable

Oxidizer

Corrosive

Electrical Hazard

NFPA Diamond Label

Environmental Hazard

Explosion Risk