Unit 16. Content Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading...

Unit 16Unit 16

ContentContent

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions Background informationBackground information Structure analysisStructure analysis Comprehension questionsComprehension questions Language points of Text ILanguage points of Text I Grammatical itemsGrammatical items ExercisesExercises Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II Oral activitiesOral activities Writing practiceWriting practice

Text I “take over, Bos’n!”Text I “take over, Bos’n!”

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions 1. Can you imagine the feeling of the survivors 1. Can you imagine the feeling of the survivors

of a shipwreck who are drifting on the sea waitof a shipwreck who are drifting on the sea waiting to be rescued? What menace do you think ting to be rescued? What menace do you think they have to face?hey have to face?

2. What do you think is the relationship betwe2. What do you think is the relationship between crewmen on a ship? Is there any difference en crewmen on a ship? Is there any difference between their relationship and that of “land” pbetween their relationship and that of “land” peopleeople

Background information (1)Background information (1)

Oscar Schisgall,Oscar Schisgall, novelist, short-story writer, s novelist, short-story writer, some of whose works include ome of whose works include The Death Pit (1The Death Pit (1923), in Kashla’s garden (1927), one of the Ju923), in Kashla’s garden (1927), one of the Judds (1931)dds (1931), and , and The blood Call (1939)The blood Call (1939)

Background information 2)Background information 2)

Theme of the storyTheme of the story: the story is about the sens: the story is about the sense of responsibility in time of trial which is exee of responsibility in time of trial which is exemplified by a shipwreck. Human nature is broumplified by a shipwreck. Human nature is brought into full display in the trial but it is the senght into full display in the trial but it is the sense of responsibility that outshines human naturse of responsibility that outshines human nature and wins the battle at the end of the story. e and wins the battle at the end of the story.

Structure analysis of Text I (1)Structure analysis of Text I (1)

““Take Over, Bos’n!” is a narration that follows Take Over, Bos’n!” is a narration that follows the chronological order. The author starts with the chronological order. The author starts with the confrontation: Snyder, the third officer of tthe confrontation: Snyder, the third officer of the wrecked Montala, pointing a gun at a pack he wrecked Montala, pointing a gun at a pack of thirsty guys lusting for water in the canteen of thirsty guys lusting for water in the canteen at his foot. Then a more detailed picture is draat his foot. Then a more detailed picture is drawn about the danger they were in, the responsiwn about the danger they were in, the responsibility Snyder had and the threat from Barrett, tbility Snyder had and the threat from Barrett, the bos’n’s mate. he bos’n’s mate.


Eventually, the suspenseful story provides the Eventually, the suspenseful story provides the readers with an unexpected ending: the dangerreaders with an unexpected ending: the dangerous Barrett turned out to be the man to protect ous Barrett turned out to be the man to protect the last canteen of water.the last canteen of water.


Paragraph 1-2Paragraph 1-2 This is an introductory paragraph. This is an introductory paragraph. Paragraphs 3-23Paragraphs 3-23 In this part, the author narrates and describes iIn this part, the author narrates and describes i

n detail the desperate situation they were in ann detail the desperate situation they were in and the responsibility Snyder shouldered.d the responsibility Snyder shouldered.

Paragraphs 24-28Paragraphs 24-28 This is the end of the story.This is the end of the story.

Comprehension questions of Text I Comprehension questions of Text I (1)(1)

1. How were the surviving crew members after 1. How were the surviving crew members after drifting on the sea for twenty days?drifting on the sea for twenty days?

2. Why did Snyder hold fast to the last canteen 2. Why did Snyder hold fast to the last canteen of water?of water?

3. Describe the character of Jeff Barrett. Whic3. Describe the character of Jeff Barrett. Which side of human nature did he represent at the h side of human nature did he represent at the beginning of the story?beginning of the story?

Comprehension questions of Text I Comprehension questions of Text I (2)(2)

4. What turned Jeff from a half-mad animal tor4. What turned Jeff from a half-mad animal tortured by thirst into a man of responsibility? Antured by thirst into a man of responsibility? And why?d why?

5. If you were in Jeff’s position, what would y5. If you were in Jeff’s position, what would you do? Would you scramble with the other sailou do? Would you scramble with the other sailors for the last drop of water or would you do ors for the last drop of water or would you do as Jeff did?as Jeff did?

Language points of Text I (1)Language points of Text I (1)

Paragraph 1-2 Paragraph 1-2 Questions: Questions: 1. How does the author begin the story?1. How does the author begin the story? 2. Do you think Snyder could control the situat2. Do you think Snyder could control the situat

ion?ion? 3. Why do you suppose Snyder pointed the gu3. Why do you suppose Snyder pointed the gu

n at the other nine men?n at the other nine men?


A1: He begins his narration with a confrontatiA1: He begins his narration with a confrontation between Synder and the other nine men. Syon between Synder and the other nine men. Synder was pointing a gun at these men. nder was pointing a gun at these men.


A2 : No. this was a situation of one versus ninA2 : No. this was a situation of one versus nine. At present Synder was in control because he e. At present Synder was in control because he had the gun, but considering the fact he hadn’t had the gun, but considering the fact he hadn’t slept for seventy-two hours and was already haslept for seventy-two hours and was already half asleep, he could hardly hold on. If he should lf asleep, he could hardly hold on. If he should ever doze off, he would easily be on the losing ever doze off, he would easily be on the losing side. side.


A3: The author does not mention it in this part. A3: The author does not mention it in this part. By keeping the readers in suspense, the author By keeping the readers in suspense, the author aroused their curiosity and entices them to reaaroused their curiosity and entices them to read on. d on.


stern stern n. the rear end of a ship or boatn. the rear end of a ship or boat go and stand in/at the stern of the boat.go and stand in/at the stern of the boat. hard, grim, or severe in manner or character hard, grim, or severe in manner or character a stern a stern headmaster/parent/police officerheadmaster/parent/police officer Sterner Sterner measures must be taken to combat drmeasures must be taken to combat dr

ug trafficking. ug trafficking.


guts guts the internal organs of the abdomenthe internal organs of the abdomen

Oh, I have a terrible pain in the Oh, I have a terrible pain in the gutsguts. It feels l. It feels like food poisoning. ike food poisoning.

courage or determinationcourage or determination Michael was well-known at college, for he hMichael was well-known at college, for he h

ad the ad the gutsguts to challenge any professor. to challenge any professor. You need a lot of You need a lot of gutsguts to admit your mistake to admit your mistake

in the presence of your boss.in the presence of your boss.


Paragraph 3-23Paragraph 3-23 Questions: Questions: What was the cause of the confrontation?What was the cause of the confrontation? What kind of man was Jeff Barrett?What kind of man was Jeff Barrett? Why did Snyder insist that they wait till night fWhy did Snyder insist that they wait till night f

or the last few drops of water?or the last few drops of water? What did Snyder imagine would happen when What did Snyder imagine would happen when

he was asleep?he was asleep?


A1: After drifting on the sea for twenty days, tA1: After drifting on the sea for twenty days, the ten survivors of a ship wreckage were dying he ten survivors of a ship wreckage were dying from thirst. The only canteen left gave them thfrom thirst. The only canteen left gave them the hope to keep on. Knowing that their hope woe hope to keep on. Knowing that their hope would evaporate once the last drop of water was guld evaporate once the last drop of water was gone, Snyder, the man in command , was pointione, Snyder, the man in command , was pointing his gun at these thirsty men to prevent them ng his gun at these thirsty men to prevent them from taking their gulp. But the other men, not rfrom taking their gulp. But the other men, not realizing his well-meant will, were glaring at thealizing his well-meant will, were glaring at the water, ready to spring up at every minute, take water, ready to spring up at every minute, take hold of it and gulp it down.e hold of it and gulp it down.


A2: A heavy, bald and violent man, Jeff BarretA2: A heavy, bald and violent man, Jeff Barrett was a constant threat to Snyder. He was the nt was a constant threat to Snyder. He was the nearest to Synder and he had enough sleep.earest to Synder and he had enough sleep.

A3: According to Synder, the water drunk in tA3: According to Synder, the water drunk in the sun would be sweated out very fast, but if it he sun would be sweated out very fast, but if it were taken down at night, it would last longer. were taken down at night, it would last longer.


A4: He imagined that Barrett would grab the cA4: He imagined that Barrett would grab the canteen and drink the water while the others woanteen and drink the water while the others would scream and struggle for a gulp. Everything uld scream and struggle for a gulp. Everything would be in a mess. would be in a mess.


pounce:pounce: to suddenly move forward and attack someone or soto suddenly move forward and attack someone or so

mething, after waiting to attack themmething, after waiting to attack them The cat was hiding in the bushes, ready to pounce.The cat was hiding in the bushes, ready to pounce. pounce onpounce on Kevin pounced on Liam and started hitting him.Kevin pounced on Liam and started hitting him. ￚￚ pounce noun [countable]pounce noun [countable]


pounce on somebody/something phrasal verbpounce on somebody/something phrasal verb 1. to criticize someone's mistakes or ideas very quickl1. to criticize someone's mistakes or ideas very quickl

y and eagerlyy and eagerly Teachers are quick to pounce on students' grammaticaTeachers are quick to pounce on students' grammatica

l errors.l errors. 2. to eagerly take an opportunity as soon as it become2. to eagerly take an opportunity as soon as it become

s availables available When they offered O'Leary the chance to become maWhen they offered O'Leary the chance to become ma

nager, he pounced on it.nager, he pounced on it.


canteen canteen [countable][countable] 1. British English a place in a factory, school 1. British English a place in a factory, school

etc where meals are provided, usually quite cetc where meals are provided, usually quite cheaplyheaply

2. a small container in which water or other d2. a small container in which water or other drink is carried by soldiers, travelers etcrink is carried by soldiers, travelers etc


5. ration : 5. ration : to limit the amount of something thto limit the amount of something that each person is allowed to have at each person is allowed to have

The government had to ration the food durinThe government had to ration the food during the war. g the war.

Coffee is rationed to two cups a day/Coffee is rationed to two cups a day/ ration somebody/something to somethingration somebody/something to something He rationed himself to 4 cigarettes a day. He rationed himself to 4 cigarettes a day. I try to ration the children's television viewing I try to ration the children's television viewing

to an hour a day.to an hour a day.


Paragraph 24-28Paragraph 24-28 Question:Question: What happened while Synder was asleep?What happened while Synder was asleep? What made Barrett give up his chance of drinkWhat made Barrett give up his chance of drink

ing the water?ing the water?


A1: Barrett took over not only the gun but also A1: Barrett took over not only the gun but also the responsibility to guard against the lust of ththe responsibility to guard against the lust of those thirsty people. He rationed the water as Syose thirsty people. He rationed the water as Synder had planned after night had fallen. nder had planned after night had fallen.

A2: Barrett explained that he was given the resA2: Barrett explained that he was given the responsibility to take others out of danger when Sponsibility to take others out of danger when Snyder handed him the gun and said, “take over,nyder handed him the gun and said, “take over, bos’n.” Once given the authority, he would le bos’n.” Once given the authority, he would learn to view things from a different angle. arn to view things from a different angle.


Compare: gaze, stare, gape, glare, ogleCompare: gaze, stare, gape, glare, ogle These verbs all mean to look long and intentlThese verbs all mean to look long and intentl

y.y.


Gaze:Gaze: refers to prolonged looking that is often refers to prolonged looking that is often indicative of wonder, fascination, awe, or admiindicative of wonder, fascination, awe, or admiration: ration:

To gaze at the moon; to gaze into his eyesTo gaze at the moon; to gaze into his eyes To To stare stare is to gaze fixedly; the word can indicis to gaze fixedly; the word can indic

ate curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity:ate curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity: The old coupe stared at them in disbelief; to The old coupe stared at them in disbelief; to

stare into the distance stare into the distance


GapeGape suggests a prolonged open-mouthed loo suggests a prolonged open-mouthed look reflecting amazement, awe, or lack of intellik reflecting amazement, awe, or lack of intelligence:gence:

Tourists are gaping at the sights. Tourists are gaping at the sights. ToTo glare glare is to fix author with a hard, piercing s is to fix author with a hard, piercing s

tare:tare: She glared furiously at him when he contradiShe glared furiously at him when he contradi

cted her. cted her.


ToTo peer peer is to look narrowly, searchingly, and s is to look narrowly, searchingly, and seemingly with difficultly:eemingly with difficultly:

He peered through his spectacles at the contrHe peered through his spectacles at the contract. act.

To To ogle ogle is to stare in an amorous, usually impeis to stare in an amorous, usually impertinent manner:rtinent manner:

She resented the way that the construction wShe resented the way that the construction workers on their lunch hour ogled passing womeorkers on their lunch hour ogled passing women. n.

Grammatical Items(1)Grammatical Items(1)

Change the following sentences to avoid any Change the following sentences to avoid any unnecessary repetition. unnecessary repetition.

1. His second child is a girl, who is twenty-1. His second child is a girl, who is twenty-four and newly married. The youngest child is four and newly married. The youngest child is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years doing odd jobs.spent the last couple of years doing odd jobs.

His second child is a girl… The youngest is His second child is a girl… The youngest is twenty…twenty…


2. The Italians have a strong tradition of 2. The Italians have a strong tradition of cooking. Do the English have such a tradition?cooking. Do the English have such a tradition?

… … Do the English have one?Do the English have one? 3. A number of people were involved in the 3. A number of people were involved in the

accident but none of the people were hurtaccident but none of the people were hurt … … but none were hurt.but none were hurt. 4. If you want to read novels, I’ve got some 4. If you want to read novels, I’ve got some

novels. novels. ……I’ve got some.I’ve got some.


5. My sister prefers tea to coffee but I like tea 5. My sister prefers tea to coffee but I like tea and coffee.and coffee.

… … I like both.I like both. 6. Steven noticed that they were not flying in 6. Steven noticed that they were not flying in

tight formation. They should have been flying tight formation. They should have been flying in tight formation.in tight formation.

… … they were not flying in tight formation as they were not flying in tight formation as they should have beenthey should have been


7. John won’t like it but Rachel will like it 7. John won’t like it but Rachel will like it ……but Rachel will.but Rachel will. 8. A: He’ll be out of town by nightfall8. A: He’ll be out of town by nightfall B: He’d better be out of town by thenB: He’d better be out of town by then … … He’d better be. He’d better be.

Translation exercises (1)Translation exercises (1)

1. 1. 一个生活在恐惧边缘的人是不可能感到快乐一个生活在恐惧边缘的人是不可能感到快乐的。（的。（ close quartersclose quarters ））

A man living at close quarters with fear can not posA man living at close quarters with fear can not possible feel happy.sible feel happy.

2. 2. 他心里感到很不舒畅，因为在他刚刚出版的他心里感到很不舒畅，因为在他刚刚出版的书的许多页面上都有明显的错误。书的许多页面上都有明显的错误。 (glare)(glare)

He felt greatly depressed, for misprints glared from He felt greatly depressed, for misprints glared from so many pages of his newly published book.so many pages of his newly published book.


3. 3. 一个工于心计的人喜欢玩诡计，但往往一个工于心计的人喜欢玩诡计，但往往没有大智慧。没有大智慧。 (calculating)(calculating)

A man of calculating nature likes to play tricA man of calculating nature likes to play tricks, but tends to lack much wisdom.ks, but tends to lack much wisdom.

4. 4. 老人感到纳闷，为什么这么多姑娘想当老人感到纳闷，为什么这么多姑娘想当流行歌曲明星。流行歌曲明星。 (crave)(crave)

The old man is wondering why so many girls The old man is wondering why so many girls crave to become pop music stars.crave to become pop music stars.


5. 5. 我认为抓住别人的错误不放是一种不人我认为抓住别人的错误不放是一种不人道的行为。道的行为。 (pounce upon)(pounce upon)

I consider it an inhumane act to pounce upon I consider it an inhumane act to pounce upon others’ blundersothers’ blunders

6. 6. 他经常用一种傲慢的口吻嘲笑他的兄弟，他经常用一种傲慢的口吻嘲笑他的兄弟，说他是一个无知的懦夫。说他是一个无知的懦夫。 (taunt)(taunt)

He often taunted his brother in an arrogant vHe often taunted his brother in an arrogant voice and called the latter an ignorance cowaroice and called the latter an ignorance coward.d.


7. 7. 在酷暑中，那个身体虚弱的姑娘突然晕在酷暑中，那个身体虚弱的姑娘突然晕倒了。倒了。 (keel over)(keel over)

In the scorching heat, the girl in delicate healIn the scorching heat, the girl in delicate health keeled over.th keeled over.

8. 8. 在过去的在过去的 55 年中，城市不断地朝四周无年中，城市不断地朝四周无序蔓延。序蔓延。 (sprawl) (sprawl)

Over the past five years, the city has been sprOver the past five years, the city has been sprawling out to all directions. awling out to all directions.

Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II

1. Why is it that to fight is a radical instinct?1. Why is it that to fight is a radical instinct? 2. Why do we say that this shameless asserti2. Why do we say that this shameless asserti

on is wrong that without a periodical bleedinon is wrong that without a periodical bleeding a race decays and loses its manhood?g a race decays and loses its manhood?

3. What is the original sin from which flows 3. What is the original sin from which flows every other wrong?every other wrong?

4. How do you explain the phenomena of fin4. How do you explain the phenomena of finding joy in another’s trouble and of finding jding joy in another’s trouble and of finding joy in one’s own trouble?oy in one’s own trouble?

Oral activities (1)Oral activities (1)

1. Work in groups. Imagine a situation that is 1. Work in groups. Imagine a situation that is extremely menacing and trying like a extremely menacing and trying like a shipwreck or an earthquake where human shipwreck or an earthquake where human nature is brought under test. Imagine how you nature is brought under test. Imagine how you will react. Consider your responsibilities for will react. Consider your responsibilities for your family, your friends, and even your your family, your friends, and even your enemies. Then take roles and act it out. enemies. Then take roles and act it out.

Oral activities (2)Oral activities (2)

2. What do you think is your responsibility as 2. What do you think is your responsibility as a student? Do you think awareness of one’s a student? Do you think awareness of one’s responsibility for other people is a sign of responsibility for other people is a sign of maturity? Do you want to be a responsible maturity? Do you want to be a responsible person? Discuss in pairs and illustrate your person? Discuss in pairs and illustrate your points. points.

Writing practice Writing practice

Write an essay of no less than 300 words, descWrite an essay of no less than 300 words, describing one of the most interesting, or preferablribing one of the most interesting, or preferably most adventurous, class activities that you evy most adventurous, class activities that you ever had in your university life.er had in your university life.

GoodbyeGoodbye

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