Unit 13 - The Origins of the Cold War

1945-1965

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I. Causes of the CW A. The Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill gave the Iron Curtain speech in 1946 Map of the Iron

Curtain

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B. The Truman Doctrine, 1947

President Truman outlined the Truman Doctrine to a joint session

of Congress in March of 1947

1. Asked Congress to aid Greece & Turkey ($400 B)

2. Policy of containment3. Promise to aid all countriesw/ Communist threats

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C. The Marshall Plan, 1947

A map showing how the plan’s $20B was

distributed by country

Photo shows a delivery of wheat from the U.S. being

unloaded in Rotterdam, Netherlands

1. $13 billion in grants & loans to Western Europe

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D. NATO Treaty, 1949. E. Warsaw Pact, 1955.

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F. Berlin Airlift

1.Stalin blocks access to W. Berlin

2.Truman sends supplies via air drops

3.Stalin contracts Berlin Wall

Central Historical Question

Who started the Cold War?

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II. Korean War

A. Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War (Communist)

B. Korea split into two at 38th Parallel1. North = Communist, Totalitarian2. South = Capitalist, Democratic

C. North invades South1. Desire to reunite Korea under

communism2. Truman vows to support S. Korea3. UN Security Council votes to also

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D. Intervention

1. UN Enters2. Chinese3. Stalemate4. MacArthur Fired

by Truman

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E. Results

1. Eisenhower ends the war2. Border remains at the 38th

parallel3. Precedent set to send

troops w/o declaring war4. Increase in Military 5. SEATO formed

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III. Cold War Tensions

A. Soviets have nukes by 1949B. Truman vs. Eisenhower

1. Both believe in containment2. Dulles’ Mass retaliation Policy

C. Arms Race1. Hydrogen Bomb

D. Stalin dies 19531. Khrushchev takes power2. Meets with Eisenhower3. “Peaceful co-existence”

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III. Cold War Tensions Cont.

E. Uprisings in Eastern BlockF. Suez Canal CrisisG. Eisenhower DoctrineH. CIA – Central Intelligence AgencyI.Space Race

I. Sputnik2. NASA

J. U2 Incident

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IV. Cold War at Home

A. 2nd Red Scare1. Commies are everywhere

B. Smith Act cripples Communist PartyC. HUAC - House Un-American Activities Committee

1.Hollywood Ten2.blacklists

D. Espionage1.Alger Hiss2.Rosenberg's

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E. Joseph McCarthy

1. traitors in the US State Dept.2. wins re-election w/ promise to find communists3. McCarthyism4. TV Hearings

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EQ: What impact did JFK have on the Cold War?

HW: Review for test ThursdayTesting Envelope (Terms, Word Association, Castle Set)

Do Now: Read and summarize the Smith Act.

How did it impact the Communist Party in the US?

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V. JFK Foreign Policy

A. Eisenhower vs. JFK1. flexible response – Nuclear or guerilla

a. Green BeretsB. Peace CorpsC. Alliance for Progress

1. resurrects FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy

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V. JFK Foreign Policy (cont.)

D. Bay of Pigs1. CIA sponsored revolt of Cuba2. Fails3. JFK takes blame

E. Cuban Missile Crisis1. USSR places missile silos in Cuba2. JFK places naval blockade3. Both sides agree to remove missiles

a. US in Turkey and Italy4. US-USSR Hotline installed