Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

Unit 13

Prepositions = word that relates a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence

The boy by the window is French.

By shows the relationship of boy to window

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

About Before During Off To

Above Behind For On Toward

Across Below From Onto Under

After Beneath In Out Until

Against Beside Inside Outside Up

Along Between Into Over Upon

Among Beyond Like Since With

Around By Near Through Within

At Down Of Throughout

Without

Commonly used Prepositions

According to Aside from In front of Instead of

Across from Because of In place of On account of

Along with Far from In spite of On top of

Compound Prepositions

Yasmin will visit Trinidad instead of Jamaica.

The painting near you is by a Brazilian artist.

Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun that is called the OBJECT of the PREPOSITION.

I hate when otters come before rain and snow.

Prepositional Phrases

Page 482

Exercise 1: odd Exercise 2: all

FIND THEM!! Prep/Obj. of Prep.

If a preposition has a pronoun that is an object, you must use an objective pronoun.

Subjective: used in the subject Objective: used in predicate (after verb) or

in as the object of the preposition.

Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions

Subjective Objective

I, my Me, my

You You

He, she, it Him, his, her, it

We, our Us, our

They Them

Who Whom

Dan handed the tickets to Natalie. Dan handed the tickets to her.

I borrowed the suitcase from Ivan and Vera. I borrowed the suitcase from Ivan and her.

Natalie traveled with me. Will you go with him and me?

Who is going? To whom did you send that? The man of whom I spoke is from Asia.

Pronouns as Obj of Prep

Page 484

Exercise 3: odd

Your turn!

Yes, I know I said we wouldn’t, but let’s try anyway!

What does an adjective modify? What does an adverb modify?

This is easy. Find the phrase... Ask what it describes/modifies and determine your answer.

Prepositional Phrases as adjectives and adverbs

A temple of great size stood here.

I noticed some men with heavy suitcases.

An adjective phrase usually comes AFTER the word it modifies.

Prep Phrases as Adjectives

A prepositional phrase is an adverb phrase when it modifies, or describes a verb, adverb, or adjective.

Prep Phrases as Adverbs

Adverb Phrases

Describing a verb The tourists travel in a group.

Describing an adjective

The temple is impressive from this view.

Describing an adverb

It has held up well for its age.

How they function...

When? They left the hotel in the morning.

Where? The curious visitors went to Japan.

How? The large group traveled by airplane.

How Adverb Phrases Function

Page 486 Exercise 4: odd Exercise 5: all

You are up!

Coordinating conjunctions: words used to connect parts of a sentence like words, phrases, clauses, or phrases.

Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, for, so, yet, and nor

Conjunctions!

Compound Subject Ali and Rose have lived in Mexico.

Compound Predicate

Tourists shop or relax on beaches.

Compound Object of a Prepositions

Amiri went to Brazil and Peru

Compound Sentence

Tome shopped every day, but we toured.

Coordinating Conjunctions

Pairs of words used to connect...

Both...and Either...or Neither...nor Not only...but also

Examples exist in both Ireland and Greece. Either Edde or Jacob will enter the race.

Correlative Conjunctions

When a compound subject is joined by AND, it is usually plural. The verb MUST agree with the plural subject.

When a compound subject is joined by or or nor, the verb must agree with the nearest part of the subject.

Winema and Tanya are in Madrid this week. Neither the twins nor Ann is studying Spanish.

VERBS? Plurals???

Exercises 6 and 7

ODD only

Page 488

You can use special types of adverbs instead of a coordinating or correlative conjunction to join simple sentences in a compound sentence.

These are usually stronger and more precise than coordinating conjunctions.

Conjunctive Adverbs

Using Conjunctive Adverbs

To replace AND

Also, besides, furthermore, moreover

To replace BUT

However, nevertheless, still

To state a result

Consequently, therefore, so, thus

To state equality

Equally, likewise, similarly

Conjunctive Adverbs

With conjunctive adverbs

Chinese cooks often stir-fry their food; therefore, they must cut it into very

small pieces. Stir-frying should be done quickly; the wok

must be very hot, therefore. Vegetables cook more quickly than meat;

they must, therefore, be added to the wok last.

Join simple sentences...

Page 490

Exercise 8: odd Exercise 9: odd

Like P90X: Bring it!

A word or group of words that expresses strong feeling.

It/They has/have NO GRAMMATICAL connection to any other word in the sentence.

We are taking a boat ride around Venice. Hooray! We have to go to count the grains of rice. Oh, joy. Wow, you look like you are having fun.

Interjections!

Common Interjections

Aha Good grief

Oh Well

Alas Ha Oh no What

Awesome Hey Oops Whoops

Come on Hooray Ouch Wow

Gee Look Phew Yes

Do not overuse interjections when you write!

Exercise 10: odd Exercise 11: all

Your turn: page 492

Look at page 493 Review the chart

You have now garnered all you need to find all of the parts of speech

Exercise 12: all Exercise 13: Odd

Your turn: page 494