Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.
-
Upload
austen-riley -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.
![Page 1: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit #12 Chemical Reactions
Part 2
Predicting Products
![Page 2: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Review
• A chemical reaction is the rearrangement of atoms to form new substance(s). Reactant(s) appear on the left, and product(s) appear on the right.
reactants product
• Example: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O
• When we look at any chemical reaction, in order for it to be accurate, it must show that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
![Page 3: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Mass• mass is neither created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction• total mass stays the same• atoms can only rearrange• So, we need to make sure that there are the
same number of each type of atom on each side of the chemical equation.
• To do this, we add coefficients in front of the compounds until these atoms are “balanced.”
![Page 4: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Refresh your memory by balancing these equations:
__MgCl2 +__NaOH __Mg(OH)2 +__NaCl
__Fe2(SO4)3 +__KOH __K2SO4 +__Fe(OH)3
22
6 3 2
![Page 5: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O3 Mg + N2 → Mg3N2
Synthesis Reaction
A reaction in which two or more elements form a compound.
![Page 6: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Synthesis• 2 or more elements/compounds combine to form 1
product.
• Only one product!
• Analogy: Mixing 2 or more ingredients together to get 1 cake. .
A + B AB
![Page 7: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Al(s)+ Cl2(g) AlCl3(s)2 3 2
Synthesis
Example: 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO
Must crisscross to get new compound!
![Page 8: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Practice Problems:
• Na + F2
• B + N2
Na + F2 Na F+1 -1
Na + F2 NaF2 2
![Page 9: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Practice Problems:
• Na + F2
• B + N2
B + N2 B N+3 -3
B + N2 BN2 2
![Page 10: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Decomposition Reaction
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
2HgO → 2 Hg + O2
A reaction in which a compound is broken down into two or more elements.
![Page 11: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Decomposition• 1 compound is broken down into 2 or more simpler
elements/compounds.
• only one reactant
• Analogy: A couple breaks up. Or a body decompses.
AB A + B
![Page 12: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
KBr K + Br2 2 2
Decomposition
• Example
![Page 14: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Practice Problems:
• Na2O
• CF4
Na2O Na O
Na2O Na + O22 4
+2
![Page 15: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Single Replacement Reaction
2 KCl + F2 → 2 KF + Cl2
Mg + 2 HCl → H2 + MgCl2
A reaction in which one element reacts with one compound to form another element and another compound.
![Page 16: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Single Replacement
• one element replaces another in a compound– metal replaces metal (+)– nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)
A + BC B + AC
![Page 17: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fe(s)+ CuSO4(aq) Cu(s)+ FeSO4(aq)
• Products:
Metal replacement:
2 Na + CuCl2 2 NaCl + Cu
Halogen replacement:
F2 + 2 KCl 2 KF + Cl2– free element must be more active (check activity series)
Br2(l)+ NaCl(aq) N.R.
![Page 18: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Metals Nonmetals
lithium fluorine
potassium chlorine
calcium bromine
sodium iodine
magnesium oxygen
aluminum nitrogen
zinc
chromium
iron
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen*
copper
mercury
silver
platinum
gold
![Page 19: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Practice
• Can Al replace Li? ____
• Can Cu replace Au? ____
• Can Br replace I? ____
• Can Cl replace F? ____NO
NO
Yes
YES
![Page 20: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Practice Problems: • H2 + PbCl2
• Cl2 + KBr
• Zn + CuS
H2 + PbCl2 No rxn+1 -1+2
![Page 21: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Practice Problems: • H2 + PbCl2
• Cl2 + KBr
• Zn + CuS
Cl2 + KBr -1 -1+1
K Cl+1 -1
+ Br2
Cl2 + KBr KCl + Br222
![Page 22: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Practice Problems: • H2 + PbCl2
• Cl2 + KBr
• Zn + CuS
Zn + CuS +2 -2+2
ZnS+2 -2
+ Cu
Zn + CuS ZnS + Cu
![Page 23: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Double Replacement Reaction
Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4+ 2 KNO3
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
A reaction in which the metals present in two compounds change places to form two new compounds.
![Page 24: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
AB + CD AD + CB
Double Replacement• Ions from 2 ionic compounds switch places.
--put the inside ions together and the outside ions together
• --positive ion always goes first in the compound!
• Analogy: 2 couples are dancing, and they switch partners
![Page 25: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pb(NO3)2(aq)+ KI(aq) PbI2(s)+ KNO3(aq)
Double Replacement
Example:
FeCl2 + Na2CO3 2 NaCl + FeCO3
![Page 26: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Practice #1
• Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2
• Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2
• Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 NaNO3 +CaCO3
NaNO3 + CaCO3
+1 -1-2 +2
2
![Page 27: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Practice #2
• K3PO4 + MgCl2
• K3PO4 + MgCl2
• K3PO4 + MgCl2 KCl + Mg3(PO4)2
KCl + Mg3(PO4)2
+1 -1-3 +2
2 3 6
![Page 28: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Combustion
• When a carbon compound reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water.– Hint:
• It will always have O2 on reactant side
• It will always have CO2 and H2O on product side
• Example:CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
![Page 29: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Combustion
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
• Also known as burning; always follows the same form:• The compound always burns in oxygen gas and always
releases carbon dioxide and water.• During incomplete combustion (a limited amt. of O2),
carbon monoxide (CO) is also produced.
C & H (& sometimes O) + O2 CO2 + H2O
![Page 30: Unit #12 Chemical Reactions Part 2 Predicting Products.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ec15503460f94bcd85b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Example:
• 2 C3H6 + 9 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O*always balance in order: C, H, O
• Practice Problems:
CH4 + O2
C6H14 + O2
CO2 + H2O22
CO2 + H2O12 142 19