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Identifying Subordinate Skills & Entry Behaviors

Instructional Design: Analysis Phase

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Objectives: By the end of this session you will be able to Describe approaches to subordinate skills analysis

including hierarchal , procedural , cluster , and combination techniques.

Describe the relationship among the subordinate skills identified through subordinate skills analysis , including entry behavior

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Review: Goals & Goal Analysis A. Identify an Instructional Goal

What do you want the learner to do? B. Analyze the Goal Statement:

1. What type of learning is the goal? Attitudinal, Psychomotor, Intellectual, or Verbal

Information Skills

2. Describe exactly what the student will be doing when performing the goal.

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Step Two: Identify Subordinate Skills

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For Intellectual or Psychomotor Goals Use

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Hierarchical Approach

For each step in the goal ask this question: “ What must the student already know so that ,

with a minimal amount of instruction, this task can be learned?”

Yields one or more subordinate skills

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Fig.1: Hierarchical Approach

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For intellectual Skills

The subordinate skills should follow Gagne's hierarchy higher-order rules rules concepts discriminations

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For Verbal Information Skills

Cluster Analysis Identify the info. needed to achieve the goal

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For Attitude Goalsask two questions:

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Question # 1

“What must the learner do when exhibiting this attitude?”

answer is almost always psychomotor or intellectual skill (hierarchical analysis)

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Question # 2

“Why should the learner exhibit this attitude?” the answer is usually verbal information analyzed using a separate cluster or integrated into the basic hierarchical analysis that was

done in the first half of the analysis

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Entry Behaviors

Instructional analysis serves to identify skills a learner must know before they begin instruction

Identify the hierarchy or cluster level that a majority of the population will already have

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Caveats of Entry Behavior

Tentativeness of the line Danger of drawing the line too low Beta test if practical

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Task AnalysisWhat content will

be included in the instruction (training)?

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Dick & Carey Design Model

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Describe techniques for gathering and recording data for a task analysis.

Describe formats for charting an instructional or task analysis.

Objectives

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Doing a task analysis

you have to carefully select the right parts and components to build a bike that meets your riding goals.

is like building a bike……..

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Task Analysis a procedure that results in the identification of

the relevant steps required for a learner to achieve the goal

identifying the content individuals need to learn to attain the stated goal identify the beginning point of instruction get rid of “deadwood”

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Task Analysis

Gather data: Interview a SME Interview or observe learners Role-play the procedure Developer modeling (“Talk it through”) Research literature

Organize ideas: Develop a content outline Create a task analysis diagram

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The Content OutlineBegin with your goal statement

Goal: Build a bike.

Add the major topics

1. Determine cycling goals.

2. Measure body dimensions.

3. Determine price limits.

4. Compare component options.

5. Check availability of parts.

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Content Outline

Goal: Build a bike.

1. Determine cycling goals.

2. Measure body dimensions.

3. Determine price limits.

4. Compare component options.

5. Check availability of parts.

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Content Outline

Goal: Build a bike.

1. Determine cycling goals.

2. Measure body dimensions.

2.1. Classify shoulder width

3. Determine price limits.

4. Compare component options.

5. Check availability of parts.

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Content Outline

Goal: Build a bike.

1. Determine cycling goals.

2. Measure body dimensions.

2.1 Classify shoulder width

2.1.1 Identify shoulder

2.1.2 Locate shoulder pivot

3. Determine price limits.

4. Compare component options.

5. Check availability of parts.

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~ Your Assignment ~

Create a content outline Begin with goal statement at the top (do not

number) Organize content into major ideas Add supporting content as subtopics Use the Word numbering feature to number

the outline

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Content Outline Summary

Goal: Build a bike.

1 Determine cycling goals.

2 Measure body dimensions.

2.1 Classify shoulder width

2.1.1 Identify shoulder

2.1.2 Locate shoulder pivot

3 Determine price limits.

4 Compare component options.

5 Check availability of parts.

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~ end ~