Unit 1 Revision Topic 1: Restless Earth. What are the main things I need to know? How and why...
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Transcript of Unit 1 Revision Topic 1: Restless Earth. What are the main things I need to know? How and why...
What are the main things I need to know?
• How and why tectonic plates are moving
• Why earthquakes and volcanoes occur
• 2 examples of earthquakes
• 2 examples of volcanoes
• How people can respond to earthquakes and volcanoes
Plate movement
Spend 5 minutes to sketch and label the following plate boundaries:
• Convergent (destructive)• Divergent (constructive)• Transform (conservative)• Convergent (collision)
Earthquake key words
Crust focus energy
Mantle pressure released
Plates heat plate boundary
Epicentre friction
Practice question:
• Explain why earthquakes occur (you can draw a diagram if you wish).
(4 marks)
(4 minutes)
SELF ASSESSMENT:Explain why earthquake occur
• For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each explained)
Eg Convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move and collide. Pressure can build up at the plate boundaries where plates are colliding because plates do not move easily past one another. When the rocks can no longer take the pressure, they crack, releasing shockwaves (the earthquake).
• Mind-map / create a flash card about all facts you know about the case studies:
Earthquake LEDC – Kashmir 2005
Earthquake MEDC – Loma Prieta, California
1989
Volcanic eruption LEDC – Montserrat 1997
Volcanic eruption MEDC – Iceland 2010
Case studies
SELF ASSESSMENT:Using examples, explain how people can
respond to earthquakes. (4 marks)• For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each
explained)• In Japan, buildings are made to withstand
earthquakes such as being built with shockabsorbers in their foundations. Also, people are taught what to do if an earthquake strikes such as taking cover under a table or standing in a doorway. In Haiti lots of charities like the Red Cross helped out by providing tents for people to live in and medical help for people who were hurt.
VolcanoesMontserrat – LEDC example• 25th June 1997• On the boundary between the Caribbean and
Atlantic plates (destructive plate margin)
Montserrat Impacts – Which are primary and which are secondary?
• 2/3 island covered in ash• Airport has remained closed• 23 people killed• Over half the population left the island and have
not returned• Farmland destroyed by ash
How else could you categorise these impacts?
Icelandic Eruption – MEDC example – STUDY THIS INFORMATION FOR 30
SECONDS• March / April 2010
• Constructive plate boundary where Eurasian and North American plates move apart
• No deaths
• Ash affected farmland locally, flights in Europe, contaminated water sources.
• Increase in tourism locally