Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined...
-
Upload
ivy-studley -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
4
Transcript of Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined...
![Page 1: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HUMAN A&P
Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body
![Page 2: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Anatomy and Physiology
A. Anatomy is defined as________________________________________________________________
ie. What the parts___________!)
B. Physiology is defined as _______________________________________________________________
(ie. How the parts__________!)
Body structures and the relationship between structures
ARE
Body Functions
WORK
![Page 3: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
C. Structure (_______________) and Function (_____________) are closely tied together.1. Structure _____________function
Ex. What is the function of the skull?
Explain the structure of the skull?
ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY DICTATES
To protect the brain.
It is hard and does not move. It surrounds the brain.
![Page 4: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. Types of Anatomy
A. Gross Anatomy - ____________________________
___________________________________________
Structure viewed with the naked eye.
Ex. sheep heart
![Page 5: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
B. Microanatomy - ________________________________
______________________________________________
Structure viewed under magnification
Ex – bone tissue
![Page 6: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
C. Regional Anatomy - ____________________________
_____________________________________________
all structures for a given area (both gross and microanatomy)
Ex. Head and neck
![Page 7: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
D. Systemic Anatomy - ____________________________
______________________________________________
all of the structures for a given organ system (includes gross anatomy and microanatomy)
Ex. – Respiratory System
![Page 8: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
III. Levels of Body OrganizationA. Chemical
1. ___________________ - especially C, H, O, N
2. ___________________-water, carbs, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
Atoms
Compounds
![Page 9: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
B. _______________________ 1. ______________- the basic unit of structure and function of living things
a. Cells contain _________________ that perform certain functions
b. Cells differ in their _____________ and _________________.
CELLULAR
Cells
organelles
structurefunction
Ex. Nerve cells are long and thin to carry info
![Page 10: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
C. _______________________1. Tissue -____________________________________
___________________ (there are four types – epithelial, connective, muscular, & nervous……which we will study in detail in a later unit)
TISSUE
A group of cells that work together to perform a certain task
![Page 11: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D. _____________________1. Organs - ___________________________________
__________________________________________
Have 2 or more types of tissues working together to perform a certain function
Ex – the stomach has epithelial tissue inside and outside and muscle tissue between them. It also has nervous tissue and blood (which is connective tissue.) They all work together to help you digest your BIG MAC!
ORGANS
![Page 12: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
E. _____________________1. Organ Systems - ____________________________
__________________________________________2. The Major organ systems of the human body
are:
1. __________________7.___________________
2. __________________8.___________________ 3. __________________ 9.___________________
4.__________________ 10. __________________
5. __________________ 11.__________________
6. __________________
A group of organs that work together to perform the same function
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Integumentary
Skeletal Nervous
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary Reproductive
Endocrine
![Page 13: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
a. Organ systems work with each other to ___________ the organism.maintai
n
Ex – digestive system
![Page 14: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
F. _____________________1. ___________________________________________
__________________________________________
All of the organ systems combine to form the organism (such as a human)
ORGANISMAL
![Page 15: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IV. 6 Life Processes in HumansA. Metabolism - ______________________________
__________________________________________1. Types of metabolism
a. Anabolism - __________________________ _____________________________________
b. Catabolism - ___________________________ ______________________________________
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
when simple molecules join to make larger molecules requires energy (ATP)Ex – monosaccharides join to make glucose when large molecules break into into simpler ones releases energy (ATP)
Ex – breaking down glucose into CO2 and H2O
![Page 16: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
B. _________________________ - the ability of the body to react to a changing internal and external environment
C. _______________________ - Including that of the entire body, body parts, cells and organelles within the cells.
D. ________________________ - an increase in body size due to increasing the number of cells, the size of cells, or the amount of material around the cells.
RESPONSIVENESS
MOVEMENT
GROWTH
![Page 17: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
E. _________________________- when unspecialized cells (like _______________) develop into a specific cell type such as a white blood cell or a muscle cell.
F. __________________________ - production of new cells or an entire new human.
DIFFERENTIATIONSTEM CELLS
REPRODUCTION
![Page 18: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
V. Body Plan
A. Anatomical Position - _________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Subject stands in front of the observer with head and feet facing forward, arms down at side and palms out to the observer
![Page 19: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
B. Major Regions of the Body
Head (cephalic)Neck
(cervical) Trunk
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
![Page 20: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
C. Minor Body Regions 1. Head (cephalic)
Forehead (frontal)
Eye (orbital)
Ear (otic)Cheek (buccal)
Nose (nasal)
Mouth (oral)Chin (mental)
![Page 21: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2. Neck (cervical)
There is none
![Page 22: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3. Upper Limb
Armpit (axillary)
Upper arm (brachial)
Front of elbow (antecubital) Forearm
(antebracheal)Wrist
(carpel) Palm (palmer)Fingers
(digital)
Shoulder (acromial)
Manual = wrist, fingers and palm
![Page 23: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
4. Lower Limb
Thigh (femoral)
Kneecap (patellar)
shin (crural)
Ankle (tarsel)Toes (digital)
Foot (pedal)
Hollow behind knee (popliteal)Calf (sural)
Heel (calcaneal)Sole (plantar)
![Page 24: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
5. Trunk - anterior
Chest (Thoracic)
Abdomen (Abdominal)Pelvis (pelvic)
Breast (mammary)Naval (umbilical)
Pubis (pubic)
Hip (coxal)
Groin (inguinal)
![Page 25: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
5. Trunk - posterior
Shoulder blade (scapular)
Back (dorsal)
Loin (lumbar)
Buttock (gluteal)
Spinal Column (vertebral)
Between Hips (sacral)
![Page 26: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
VI. Directional Terms
A. Why? ______________________________________
___________________________________________
We need these in order to describe the position of one part as compared to the position of another part.
![Page 27: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TERM Definition Example
** The terms ventral and anterior are synonymous in humans, but not in four legged animals.
Superior or Cranial Toward the head
Inferior or caudal Toward the feet
Ventral or anterior Toward or at the
front of the body (in front of)Dorsal or posterior Toward or at the
back of the body
(behind)
![Page 28: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TERM Definition Example
Proximal Closer to the origin of the body part on the body trunk
Distal Farther from the origin of a body part on the body trunk
Superficial or External Toward or at the body surface
Deep or Internal Away from the
body surface
![Page 29: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TERM Definition Example
Medial Toward or at the midline of the body
Lateral Away from the
midline of the body
![Page 30: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
YOU NEED TO ADD THIS TO YOUR NOTES!
Prone: _________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Supine:_____________________________________________________________________________________
When the subject is lying with the ventral surface down (“Face down”)
When the subject is lying with the dorsal surface down (“Face up”)
![Page 31: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
VII. Types of Body Planes A. ____________________ - divides the body
horizontallyTransverse
![Page 32: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
B. ____________________ - divides the body into front and back (anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal)
Frontal
![Page 34: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
C. ____________________ - divides the body into EQUAL right and left halves
Midsagittal
![Page 36: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
D. ____________________ - divides the body into UNEQUAL right and left halves
E. ____________________ - Cuts at an odd angle
Parasagittal
Oblique
![Page 38: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
VIII. Body Cavities
A. Definition: _________________________________
__________________________________________
Space inside the body to contain, protect, separate and support internal organs
![Page 39: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Thoracic Cavity
Abdomino-pelvic Cavity
Ven
tral B
od
y
Cavity
B. Ventral Body Cavity
![Page 40: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Mediastinum Cavity (contains parts of trachea, esophagus & bronchi)
Right Pleural Cavity (contains right lung)
Left Pleural Cavity(contains left lung)
Pericardial cavity(contains heart)
1. Sub-Cavities within the Thoracic Cavity
![Page 41: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Abdominal Cavity (contains digestive organs, liver, spleen & kidneys) Pelvic Cavity(contains urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs & rectum)
2. Two Sub-cavities of the Abdomino-pelvic cavity
![Page 42: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
C. Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity(contains brain)
Vertebral Cavity(contains spinal cord)
Dorsal Body Cavity
![Page 43: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Right Upper Quadrant(RUQ)Unique to the gall bladder & contains majority of the liver
IX. Body Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity
![Page 44: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Right LowerQuadrant(RLQ)Unique to the appendix & contains part of large intestines & small intestines
![Page 45: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Left UpperQuadrant(LUQ)Contains majority of the stomach
![Page 46: Unit 1 – Organization of the Human Body. I. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is defined as_______________________ _________________________________________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649ca65503460f94967b63/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Left LowerQuadrant(LLQ)Contains small intestines & large intestines