UNIT-1 Matter in our surroundings...2020/04/09 · Matter in our surroundings PART-2 STATES OF...
Transcript of UNIT-1 Matter in our surroundings...2020/04/09 · Matter in our surroundings PART-2 STATES OF...
UNIT-1Matter in our surroundings
PART-2 STATES OF MATTER
PREPARED BY – MEENAKSHI TIWARI
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States of Matter
Particles of matter have a force of
attraction between them. Based
on this criterion, we can say that
matter is present in three
different states: solid state, liquid
state, and gaseous state.
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Other States of MatterApart from solid liquid and gas there are other two states of matter which are present under specific conditions. PLASMA STATE and BOSE – EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
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Plasma state - particles are super excited and
super energetic.
They are in the form of ionized gases.
For Example – Fluorescent tubes (contains
helium gas) and neon bulbs (contain neon gas)
As electricity is passed in the tube or the
bulb, these gases get ionized and this
creates the plasma inside them that glows.
The Sun and the stars glow because they
plasma is present in them.
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Other States of MatterBose-Einstein Condensate
(BEC)
• It is the fifth state of matter discovered by Albert Einstein on the basis of the studies conducted by an Indian scientist SatyendraNath Bose.
• BEC is formed by condensing gases of extremely low densities to much lower temperatures.
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SOLID STATESolids are the objects that have these three properties:
They have a specific shape.
They have distinct boundaries.
They have a volume.
There is less kinetic energy among the particles in solids.
They are generally arranged in an order.
Thus they possess a fixed shape.
They cannot be compressed.
The force of attraction is the maximum among the particles of solids.
There is not much space between the particles. Therefore, they
cannot be compressed.
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SOLID STATEWhich of these are solids:?
Rubber band, Sponge, Salt?
All of them are solids.
A rubber band and sponge change their shape only
when we apply force on to them.
Salt is taking the shape of the container in which
you put it but actually each of its grain has its own
definite shape. 6
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LIQUID STATELiquids have the following properties:
Liquids have a fixed volume
Liquids do not have a fixed shape.
The force of attraction in liquid particles is less than solids.
Therefore, there is a space between the particles of liquids and they
can flow easily.
They cannot be compressed.
That is why they are also called fluids.
Particles of liquids arrange each other is not fixed.
You might have seen that liquids take the shape of the container in
which we put them.
This is because the particles of liquids have a high kinetic energy,
they always keep on moving.7
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GASEOUS STATEGases have the following properties:
They do not have a fixed volume.
They do not have a fixed shape.
The particles of gases have the least or almost no force of
attraction between them.
Therefore, the particles have a large number of spaces between
them and they can freely move in any direction.
Also, they can be easily compressed.
Since there is a lot of space between the particles, different gases
can diffuse into each other easily.
The kinetic energy between the particles is the maximum in the
case of gases. 8
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DIFFUSION
Can other matter diffuse into liquids?Yes, because there is a space between the particles.
Diffusing solids into liquids: Mixing sugar in tea
Diffusing liquids into liquids: Mixing ink in water
Diffusing gases into liquids: The presence of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in water
Since there is a lot of space between the Gas particles,
different gases can diffuse into each other easily.
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Compressibility ComparisonTake three syringes and close their nozzles by rubber
corks,
• Leaving one with air filled in it, fill water in second and
chalk in the third.
• Now, compress the content.
What do you observe?
• What do you infer from your observations? 10
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Difference in the characteristic of states of matter
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https://youtu.be/G0rsIui7GKw
https://youtu.be/mpufi-1voVo
WORKSHEET-2
States of matter
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1. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (density =
mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density – air,
exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.
2. (a)Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter. (b)
Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas
container, shape, kinetic energy and density.
3. Give reasons (a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept. (b) A
gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container. (c) A wooden table
should be called a solid. (d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do
the same through a solid block of wood we need a karate expert.
4. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must
have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why?