Unit 1: Intro to Biology and Life Processes

Characteristics of Life

CAR SMOG

C = Cells

All living things are made of cells.

Example:

Humans are made of

Blood cells, Bone cells,

Muscle cells, etc…

A = Adaptations / Evlove

All living things change permanently under the influence of the environment over time.

Example: Giraffe neck lengthens over time.

R = Reproduce

All living things have the ability to reproduce.

Example: Cats have a litter of cats

S = Stimulus

A quick non permanent change

Example: Cat jumping when scared

M = Metabolism

Metabolism is an organisms chemical reactions

Example: Cellular Respiration (making energy)

O = Organized

Smaller parts working together in unison to make up larger parts.

Example: Cells tissue organ

organ system organism

G = Growth

• Growth means to increase in size.

• Increases the number of cells of a multicellular organism.

• Example: baby adult

Can you say

STERNGRR

(Life Processes)

Sterngrr

S = Synthesis (to make) example: protein

sTerngrr

T = Transport (to move)

example: moving nutrients

stErngrr

E = Excretion (to remove)

SteRngrr

R = Respiration (convert chemicals for energy)

sterNgrr

N = Nutrition (food)

sternGrr G = Growth / Development

sterngRr

R = reproduction (make more of you)

How did this happen?

sterngrR

R = regulation (to control)

Example: blood pressure

Unit 2: Biochemistry

Unit 3: Cells

The Cell Theory

•Plants

•Animals

•Bacteria

All organisms are made of cells

•STERNGRR processes occur in cells!

Cells are the structural and functional units of

organisms

•Cells reproduce to make more cells All cells come from pre-

existing cells

ALL cells have

DNA (chromosomes)

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes Cell membrane

(aka plasma membrane)

Unit 4: Cellular Processes (Respiration and Photosynthesis)

Plants, also known as autotrophs, are the organisms that undergo photosynthesis. The waste gas that is produced by plants is oxygen and it is used by animals, or heterotrophs.

Equation for photosynthesis. Must be able to identify the reactants, the products, and the energy source.

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Energy source = sun (solar energy)

Need to know that plants reflect the green wavelength; therefore, little glucose would be made when exposed to it. Absorb red, orange, and blue wavelengths the best; therefore, making the most glucose when exposed to it.

Need to know photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast and the green pigment that is made is chlorophyll.

Bromothymol blue is the indicator for carbon dioxide. This can be demonstrated with putting a piece of anacharis in a test tube of water. Add a few drops of the indicator and blow into the test tube using a straw. The blue turns to a yellow green which indicates the presence of carbon dioxide. Cover the test tube and leave until the next day. The color will return to blue which shows that plants use carbon dioxide.

• Need to know the 4 factors that effect photosynthesis.

Water

light

temperature

carbon dioxide

Equation; both the reactant, products, and energy source.

Reactants on left

Products on right

Energy source = glucose Glucose + oxygen water + ATP + CO2

Cellular Respiration

Unit 5: DNA, Protein Synthesis and Biotechnology