Unit 1 – European Colonization (Exploration) United States History Mrs. O’Shea.
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Transcript of Unit 1 – European Colonization (Exploration) United States History Mrs. O’Shea.
Overview
First Americans???America before 1500 A.D.European World before 1500 A.D.African World before 1500 A.D.Age of ExplorationConquistadorsColonization
First Americans???
Migration – movement of people who want to settle in a new place
Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice AgeKnown as the Clovis TheoryCame in wavesMigrated east and south
America before 1500
What do we know about these people???
These groups had no real written records.
Study objects – learn about way people live
European World
Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D.– Unstable– Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion
throughout North Africa, Arabia and present-day Spain
– Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser lords, serfs
– Roman Catholic Church ruled.
European World
Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D.–New farming techniques ->more people ->need more land–Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased demand for trade goods–Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans, merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived-> breakdown of feudal system–Rise of Monarchs–Rise of Universities–Black Death – The Plaque
European World
Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D.–Rebirth of culture and learning–Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Shakespeare–Printing Press – makes written word accessible to average person–Reformation – protestant church formed–Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal–Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant, caravel made long sea voyages possible
EuropeansRenaissance
1300A.D. – 1500A.D.
• Time of rebirth• Emphasis on education,
invention, arts (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
• Nations were created – France, England, Spain, Portugal (competitive)
• Inventions = long sea voyages possible
• More money – more trade
Dark Ages500A.D. – 1300A.D.
• Fall of Roman Empire• War• Black Death (Plague) • Trade – dangerous -
Muslim world was treacherous for Europeans
Explore? Why?Marco Polo – Italian
1271 - Traveled to China overland
Remained in China for 15 years
Returned and wrote of travels - “The Travels of Marco Polo”
Why is this important? Fueled interest in travel and in goods from
Asia
Motives for Exploration
1. Christianity – wanted to spread Christianity
2. Wealth – wanted to make money with trade
3. Fame – wanted to become famous
4. National Pride – competition with other countries
5. Curiosity
• 1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator - explored west of Africa
• 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the Cape of Good Hope
• 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India
ALL PORTUGUESE
http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?page=voyages
What Next?
Portugal discovered two things about going around Africa to Asia
1) wasn't shorter
2) wasn't cheaper
Background
Born in Genoa, Italy
Trained in Navigator school in Portugal
Voyage to “New World” funded by Spain
Reasons for Voyage
1. Fame
2. God
3. Trade Route – Competition with Portugal
Effects on Native Americans
Devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough)
Effects on Europeans
Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops)
Christopher Columbus’s Voyage
Conquistadors and Colonies
God, Glory, GoldSpanish Conquerors = Conquistadors
1492-1650 – Spanish built empires in Americas
Did not drive natives out of lands, forced them to be part of colonial system