ANCIENT EGYPT 7000 B.C. TO 30 B.C.

Unit 1

INTRO.

End of last ice age was about ____B.C. About ____B.C. Stone Age hunters settle

around Nile River About ____B.C. the ag. revolution hits

area About 3,500 B.C. see small farming

villages

THE NILE RIVER: GIVER OF LIFE

Longest river in the world Flows ____to the Mediterranean Advantages:

Brought moisture to what would otherwise be desert

Predictable floods made soil fertile (not today)

Transportation (linked Upper and Lower Egypt)

THE NILE RIVER: GIVER OF LIFE

Nile advantages continued Attracted wildlife for hunting ____grew here (used for paper)

NATURAL BARRIERS

_____and ____deserts surround area Mediterranean and ____Sea To the south there are 6 cataracts that

were impassable ____peninsula is where most passed Surrounding desert = barrier to farmers

Built ____systems

RELIGION IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Religious beliefs reflected the importance of ____

Believed ____controlled nature and life/death

Polytheistic Believed in village god Other gods

East (where sun rises) represents ____ West (where sun sets) represents ____ Egyptians always built tombs and funeral

temples on the ____bank of the Nile

EGYPTIAN GODS

Amon-Re (____god) = most important ____= God of the Nile

Murdered by brother, Set (evil who caused ____)

____= Osiris’ wife, brought husband back to life

Osiris returned as god of the underworld and judge of the ____

Egyptians celebrate the death and rebirth of Osiris

Identified with the rise and fall of the ____

LIFE AFTER DEATH

When someone died: “You have not gone away dead. You have gone away alive.”

Believed that in afterlife you were happy, well fed, busy with enjoyable activities

After you die: Go to the underworld to be judged by ____ Declare your innocence of sin

Osiris weighed your heart against a ____(symbol of truth) If you fail you are eaten by a ____, if you pass you go to the afterlife

Am

mi

t

LIFE AFTER DEATH

Egyptians planned carefully for life after death Wealthy built elaborate ____ Rulers built ____as tombs

Filled with ____they thought they would need in the afterlife

Needed bodies for a home for the ____ Hence, ____

at first only rulers and nobles, eventually lower class

MUMMIFICATION

SYSTEM OF WRITING

Priests needed to record rituals, developed ____

Hieroglyphics Earliest about ____B.C. (pictograms)

Eventually add ideograms to show ____like sleeping Symbols to represent sounds

Meaning of hieroglyphics lost until 1800s Jean Champollion deciphered ____

Black stone containing hieroglyphics and Greek Champollion read Greek and deciphered hieroglyphics

GOVERNMENT IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Villages along the Nile split into ____(south) and ____Egypt (north) ____united the 2 (successors wore double crown)

Probably first ruling family (dynasty)

About 30 dynasties btwn 2700 and 1090 B.C. ____Kingdom 2700-2200 B.C. ____Kingdom 2050-1800 B.C. ____Kingdom 1570-1090 B.C.

Egyptians recorded events according to which dynasty was in power, not by dates

GOVERNMENT CONTINUED

Old Kingdom “pharaoh”, irrigation, improved hieroglyphics, Pyramids at ____,

building pyramids cost a lot of money and pharaohs lost power Middle Kingdom

Mid and lower class rise, drained Nile ____, expanded border, contact with other cultures, ____of Asia attack with horses and chariots and rule for 200 years, Egyptians learn to fight and unite to get rid of Hyksos

New Kingdom Saw great growth (wealth and land), Queen Hatshepsut,

Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV wanted 1 god, son-in-law Tutankhamon, Ramses II

After Ramses, invaders = Assyrians, Persians, Greeks (Alexander the Great), Queen ____tried to restore Egypt, 31 B.C. ____conquer

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SOCIETY

____

____

____(merchants, artisans, doctors, skilled workers

____

____

WOMEN IN EGYPTIAN SOCIETY

Valued as mothers and wives Buy and sell property In royal family, regarded as ____

EDUCATION

Schools first to train ____ ____didn’t attend Learned by ____

Copying the words of the teacher as they spoke

After school, learned a trade or apprentices

____were held in high regard

SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Measured ___of squares and circles Figure the volumes of cylinders and

spheres Predict ____ 365-day calendar (about ____ years

ago) Obelisks, pyramids Surgery, set ____, treat ____injuries

ASSIGNMENT

Add a new slide to this PowerPoint to compose a well-thought out (at least) paragraph reviewing the information you learned on ancient Egypt. Your paragraph should include the following: the Nile, religion, writing, government, society, and accomplishments. Turn into the Hand Ins folder when finished. Due Monday!