Unit 1: Colonialism and Early America. Who were the first? American literature begins with Native...
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Unit 1: Colonialism and Early America
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Who were the first?
• American literature begins with Native American literature and their experiences living with the land.
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Pilgrims and Puritans• Mayflower: carried about 100 passengers
called pilgrims- meaning travelers. Some were Puritans- but not all. They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in Dec. 1620. Before that winter was over half were dead.
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Who were the Puritans?
• Puritans objected to what they saw as corruptions in the Church of England.
• They were known to be separatists who wanted to purify their lives.
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Puritans, cont.
• They came to America seeking religious freedom and wanted to establish a God-centered society- a New Jerusalem- the city of God on earth.
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Puritan Beliefs
• Grace- a gift given by God that guaranteed salvation “ticket into heaven”
• Original sin- idea that man is born evil due to Adam and Eve’s sin committed in the Garden of Eden.
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Puritan beliefs, cont.
Predestination: only the people who are elected by God are saved and go to heaven. The only way an individual could know if he/she was saved was by directly experiencing God’s grace in a religious conversion.
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Puritan beliefs, cont.
• The Elect- a select group of people God had chosen to give grace to. The group chosen to go to heaven.
• Plainness- in church decoration, clothes, speech and writing. Wrote in plain style.
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Puritan government
• Bible- the ultimate authority in religion and government
• Theocracy: No separation of church and state. In other words, break Biblical law, you go to jail.
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Puritan writing• Puritan writing was practical. It was to instruct
others or to examine their own personal lives.• First book published in America was the Bay
Psalm Book (1640)- a translation of the book of Psalms.
• They wrote no fiction (no novels, plays, short stories); they also did not approve of reading fiction.
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Puritan writing, cont.
• They avoided ornate style (decorated, complicated); they wrote in plain style- which was to communicate ideas as clearly as possible.
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Puritan lifestyle• Although grace was a gift, Puritans strove to prove
they were worthy of it. Their lives consisted of work and prayer.
• They believed prosperity was a sign of election or God’s special favor.
• Strong home life with the father as head of the household.
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Puritan lifestyle, cont.
• Passed laws against things that might be a distraction away from God:
• Bowling• Dancing• Plays and acting• Hunting for sport
NO!!
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Characteristics of a Puritan
• Hard work, self sacrifice, material success, family life, community, service
• They wore severe black clothing• Intolerant of other religious views but came to America for
religious freedom
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Puritan firsts
• First colony to establish the printing press• First to provide free public education• First college- Harvard