Unit 1 - Chapter 2: The Planting of English America 1500-1733 AP US Hamer September 9, 2011.
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Transcript of Unit 1 - Chapter 2: The Planting of English America 1500-1733 AP US Hamer September 9, 2011.
Unit 1 - Chapter 2:The Planting of English America
1500-1733
AP US
Hamer
September 9, 2011
Main Points• Why were Europeans driven to settle in
the Americas during the 1500’s and 1600’s?
• Why were the Southern Colonies settled?
• How did they differ socially and economically?
• What did the initial colonizing years for these colonies mean for America in the long run?
Reasons for European Emigration
EconomicSocial /
CulturalReligiousPolitical
Primogeniture
Enclosure System
Wool Depression – late 1500’s
Growing Population
“Golden Age of Literature” Renaissance of Sorts
Strong leader in Elizabeth (1558-1603)
Protestant Reformation
MUCH LATER – Cath/Prot struggles along with economic issues drive Irish to US
LATER Failure of Puritan Revolution (1649-1653)
Beating of Spanish Armada in 1588 (Philip II) est. English Naval Supremacy
Spain overextended and began to lose holdings: naval supremacy, Netherlands, Caribbean
Creation of economic entity of Join Stock Co.
English soldiers used to controlling “Native” population in Ireland
Virginia - Jamestown
• 1606 - The Virginia Company founded
• May 24, 1607 - settled
• Death and disorganization
• John Smith
• Starving Time of 1609-1610
• 15% survival rate
Virginia, Lord de La Warr, and the Indians
• First Anglo-Powhatan War - 1614 ended with Pocahontas’ marriage to John Rolfe
• Peace ended in 1622• Second Anglo-Powhatan War -
1644 ended in 1646 with “formal separation”
• By 1669 only 2000 Indians remained, 10% of those found in 1607 Chief Opechancanough -
leader during the attack of 1622 and 2nd War
Virginia and Tobacco
• John Rolfe had perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco to eliminate bitterness by 1612
• Tobacco became the cash crop of Virginia, BUT:– hurt the soil– forced a single crop system– the broad-acre system led to
indentured servitude and slavery
Virginia’s Effects on America• Idea of Frontiersman; Tough, “Stick it Out” mentality• Smith is a hero - he made stuff happen• Protestant Ethic - hard work wins• Virginia is the heart of America• Tradition of fighting with the Indians and separating
from them• Even though it was temporary, self-rule was a first
taste• Initial charter gave full English rights to colonists,
which became the standard• Large acre cash-cropping led to slavery
Maryland - Catholic Haven
• Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore
• Baltimore wanted heavy religious toleration, but ended up with the Act of Toleration (1649) - tolerant of all Christians
• Grew Tobacco
Maryland’s Effects on America
• America is a land of religious freedom … for Christians
• More cash cropping and slavery
The West Indies and Jamaica - Sugar Cane
• Provided a market for American growers
• Grew sugar and therefore rum
• Required HUGE acreage, which led to many slaves
• Led to restrictive slave codes
West Indies’ Effects on America
• Started the slave plantation system
• Established restrictive slave codes
• Both of these were duplicated throughout the American South
The Carolinas - 1670• New and weird political
system designed by John Locke
• Tied to the West Indies– Carolinas sent them Indian
slaves and food
• Massacred Savannah Indians in 1710
• Rice as an export crop– Brought in African slaves to
raise rice
• Centered on Charleston
South Carolina’s Effect on America
• African slaves become the main plantation workers in SC and later the South because of their ability to handle the weather and the disease (malaria)
North Carolina - Misfit Middle Child
• Broke off from “Carolina” in 1712
• Settled by poorer outcasts from VA who couldn’t compete with the tobacco barons– seen as poor, irreligious,
and immoral by the aristocratic colonies to the North and South
• Were the final defeat for the coastal Indians
North Carolina’s Effect on America
• Expansion means beating up the Native Americans
• Colonies begin to have different personalities
Georgia - Debtor’s Colony
• Last of the original 13 - founded in 1733
• Both a buffer colony from Spanish Florida and a debtors’ colony created by Oglethorpe
• Founding place of Methodism
• Slowest growing of the original colonies
Similarities in the Plantation Colonies
• Connected not by chronology, but by economics and society
• Exported agriculture
• All based on slavery (GA would be soon after founding)
• Large land tracts caused fewer cities
• Expansionary because tobacco (and later cotton) stripped the soil and farmers needed new land