Unit 1 Chapter 2-pg38 Matter and Change Chemistry 334.
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Transcript of Unit 1 Chapter 2-pg38 Matter and Change Chemistry 334.
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Unit 1Chapter 2-pg38
Matter and ChangeChemistry 334
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Essential Question:
How do chemists classify matter?
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Section 2.1Properties of Matter
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Describing MatterKC: How can Properties be used to describe
matter?
A: Properties used to describe matter can be classified as ether extensive or intensive.
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Extensive PropertiesA property that depends on the amount of
matter in a sample.
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Examples of extensive properties:
Mass—the amount of matter an object contains.
Volume—the measure of the space occupied by an object.
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Intensive Properties:A property that depends on the type of matter in
a sample, not the amount.
ExamplesHardnessOdorConductivityState of matter
*******What it is made of******
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Identifying SubstancesKC: Why do all samples of a substance have the
same intensive properties?
Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.
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SubstanceMatter that has definite and uniform
composition.
AKA: Pure substance
Examples: AuAgNaClCH4
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NaCl vs. NaCl Water (H2O)Q: Is salt water a pure substance????
INDEX CARD CHALLENGE!!!!
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INDEX CARD CHALLENGEWithout talking, find someone who has a
different answer that you
IDK—does not count as an answer!!!
Explain why you chose this answer.
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The AnswerNaCl is a pure substance
Salt water is not It can have variable composition
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Physical PropertiesPhysical property—any quality or condition of a
substance that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.
Examples:StateMpBpColor
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States of matter:KC: What are 3 states of matter?
A: Three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas.
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SolidDefinite shape
Definite volume
Not easily compressed
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LiquidIndefinite shape
Definite volume
Not easily compressed
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GasIndefinite shape
Indefinite volume
Easily compressed
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Three States of Matter
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VaporDescribes the gaseous state of a substance that
is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
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Physical ChangesKC: How can physical changes be classified?
A: Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
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ReversiblePhase changes
MeltingFreezing SublimationBoilingCondensation
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IrreversibleBreaking
Tearing
Smashing
Cutting
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Section 2.2 MixturesPage 44
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Classifying MixturesKC: How can mixtures be classified?
A: Mixtures can be calssified as either hetterogenous or homogenous.
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MixtureA combination of two or more
pure substance.
Can be made with different combinations of solid, liquids and gasses.
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2 Types of mixtures1. Homogenous
2. Heterogenous
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Heterogeneous MixtureNot the same through out
More than one phase
(distinguishable parts) ie:
Chicken noodle soup Chex mix
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Homogenous mixtureUniform composition; same through out
AKA: SolutionOnly one phase ie:
Salt waterTeaOlive oilVinegarAlloy
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Separating MixturesKC: How can mixtures be seperated?
A: Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
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5 ways to separate mixtures
1. Filtration
2. Distillation
3. Crystallization
4. Sublimation
5. Chromatography
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FiltrationA technique which uses a pours barrier to
separate a solid from a liquid
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DistillationA separation technique that is based on the
differences in the boiling points of the mixed substances
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CrystallizationA separation technique that results in the
formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
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SublimationThe process during which a solid changes to a
vapor without going through the liquid phase
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ChromatographyA technique that separates the components of a
mixture (aka-mobile phase), based on the ability of each component to be drawn across the surface of another material (aka-stationary phase).
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Section 2.3Elements and Compounds
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Distinguishing Elements and Compounds
KC: How are elements and compounds different?
A: Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances.
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Examples of elementsCa
Na
H
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Periodic TableOrganizes the elements into a grid of horizontal
rows (aka-periods) and vertical columns (aka- groups/families).
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CompoundsTwo or more elements combined chemically
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Breaking Down Compounds
Compounds can be broken down by chemical change
This process usually requires a an external energy source, such as heat or electricity
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Properties of CompoundsThe chemical and physical characteristics of a
compound is very different than that of its constitute parts.
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Example:K + I KI
Potassium & Iodine VS Potassium iodide
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Potassium A light silver metal that reacts with water
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IodineA black solid that changes to a purple gas at
room temperature.
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Potassium iodide A white salt
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Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures
KC: How can substances and mixtures be distinguished?
A: If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If the composition of the substance may vary, the material is a mixture.
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Classification of matter
Ex: chex salt NaCl Na
mix water
(AKA: solutions)
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Symbols and formulasKC: What do chamists use to represent elements
and compounds?
A: Chemists use chemical symbols to repersent elenents and chemical formulas to represent compounds
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Chemical SymbolOne or two letters used to represent the name of
an element.
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Chemical Compounds
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Section 2.4Chemical Reactions
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Chemical ChangesKey Concept: What always happens during a
chemical change?
Answer: During a chemical change, the composition of matter changesExample
combustion reaction
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Examples:Fe to Rust
Respiration
Combustion (candle burning vs. wax melting)
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Words that indicate a chemical change:
-Decompose -Ferment -Tarnish
-Oxidize -Burn -Rust
-Corrode -Rot -Explode
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Chemical Properties=The ability (or inability) of a
substance to combine with or change into one or more substances.
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Chemical ChangeOne or more substances changes into one or
more new substances.
AKA: Chemical reaction
Mg + HCl H2 + MgCl
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Reactants The substance that are to be transformed.
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ProductThe substance(s) that are made
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Recognizing Chemical Changes
Key Concept: What are the 4 possible clues that a chemical change has taken place?
Answer: Possible clues that a chemical reaction has taken place include: transfer of energy (heat or light), a change in color, the production of gas, or the formation of a precipitate.`
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Precipitate=The production of a solid.
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Conservation of MassKey concept: How are the masses of the
reactants and the masses of the products of a reaction related?
Answer: During any chemical reaction the mass of the reactants is always equal to the mass of the products.
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Law of Conservation of Mass:
Massreactants=Massproducts
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Practice Problems2Mg + O2 2 MgO
Mass of Magnesium
(g)
Mass of Oxygen(g)
Mass of Magnesium oxide
(g)
5 3.3 8.3
6.5 A 10.8
13.6 9 B
C 12.5 31.5
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Words that indicate a chemical change:
-Decompose -Ferment -Tarnish
-Oxidize -Burn -Rust
-Corrode -Rot -Explode
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Physical Changes=A change which alters a
substance without changing its composition.
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Examples of physical changes:
CuttingBrakingPhase Change=transition of
mater from one state to another.
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Chemical changes vs. physical changes
Physical Changes
Alters a substance without changing its composition (arrangement of its atoms)
Does NOT change the arrangement of atoms
SAME substance!
Chemical Changes
Alters a substance by changing its composition (arrangement of its atoms)
DOES change the arrangement of atoms
NEW substance made!
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Chemical/Physical changes Foldable