Unit 1: A family affairPredmet: Engleski jezik 1

Unit 1: A family affair

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• Alfabet

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• Vremena

• Prva lekcija: Pridjevi na -ing/-ed

• The Present Simple Tense/The Present Continuous Tense

Unit 1: A family affair

• Adjectives ending in –ing

• We use these adjectives to describe experiences or events. They can be used before the noun or after be and other linking verbs.

Unit 1: A family affair-ing/-ed adjectives

• That was an absolutely terrifying film. I had my eyes closed for most of the time.

• Jeff’s party was really pretty boring.

• What’s that magazine? It looks really interesting.

Unit 1: A family affair-ing/-ed adjectives

• Adjectives ending in –ed

• These adjectives end in –ed or have the same form as the past participle of a verb (e.g. thrilled, relieved, terrified). The adjectives normally follow be or other verbs like feel, seem, look, etc.

Unit 1: A family affair

• She was excited about going to the circus.

• They both looked astonished when I told them I was getting married.

• What is the matter with Iannis? He seems a bit depressed.

Unit 1: A family affair: adjectives

• polite, relaxed, responsible, tidy, hard-working, mature

• critical, nervous, tactless, rude, lazy, fussy

• quiet, talkative, sensitive, strict

Unit 1: A family affairpolite, adj.

• 1. behaving in a way that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people's feelings

• I'm afraid I wasn't very polite to her.• She sent me a polite letter thanking me for my invitation.• He was too polite to point out my mistake.• socially correct rather than friendly • polite conversation• polite society/company old-fashioned or humorous people

who have been taught how to behave in a socially correct waySex never used to be discussed in polite society.

• politeness noun

Unit 1: A family affairrelaxed, adj.

• feeling happy and comfortable because nothing is worrying you

• She seemed relaxed and in control of the situation.• A relaxed situation or place is comfortable and

informal• It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed atmosphere.• If someone is relaxed about something, they are not

worried about it• My parents are fairly relaxed about me staying out

late.

Unit 1: A family affairresponsible, adj.

• be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them

• Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.

• Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.

• be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or somethingIn Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the House of Representatives.

tidy, adj.

• having everything ordered and arranged in the right place, or liking to keep things like this.

• The house was clean and tidy.

• My flatmate isn't very tidy.

• neat and tidy

• a tidy solution

• tidily adverb

• Put your clothes away tidily.• tidiness noun

hard-working, adj.

• hard-working, adj. always doing a lot of work

• She was always very hard-working at school.

mature, adj.

• mainly approving • Mature people behave like adults in a way

that shows they are well developed emotionally

• He's very mature for his age.• A mature decision is one which is made

after a lot of careful thought• Upon mature reflection, we find the accused

guilty.

critical, adj.

• saying that someone or something is bad or wrong

• a critical report

• The report is highly critical of safety standards at the factory.

nervous, adj.

• worried and anxious

• Do you feel/get nervous during exams?

• I was too nervous to speak.

• She's always been nervous around dogs.

• I was very nervous about driving again after the accident.

• He had/was of a nervous disposition.

tactless, adj.

• not careful about saying or doing something that could upset someone

• It was rather tactless of you to invite his ex-girlfriend.

• tactlessly adverb

• tactlessness noun

rude, adj.

• not polite; offensive or embarrassing

• He's a very rude man.

• It's rude not to say "Thank you" when you are given something.

• He's got no manners - he's rude to everyone.

• relating to sex or going to the toilet

• He told a rude joke/story.

lazy, adj.

• disapproving not willing to work or use any effort• Managers had complained that the workers were lazy and

unreliable.• Get out of bed you lazy thing!• He's too lazy to walk to work.• approving slow and relaxed• We spent a lazy day on the beach sunbathing.• lazily adverb • Palm trees swayed lazily in the soft breeze.• laziness noun • I could go to the gym - it's just laziness that stops me.

fussy, adj.

• not easily satisfied; having very high standards or very fixed standards about particular things

• All my children were fussy eaters.

• He's so fussy about the house - everything has to be absolutely perfect.

• "I haven't met a man I've fancied for ages!" "You're too fussy - that's your problem!"

• fussily adverb

• fussiness noun

quiet, adj.• making very little noise• She spoke in a quiet voice so as not to wake him.• It's so quiet without the kids here.• Please be quiet (= stop talking)!• Could you keep quiet while I'm on the phone, please?• She was as quiet as a mouse (= very quiet). I didn't even know she'd come in.• having little activity or excitement and few people • a quiet, peaceful little village• It was a quiet wedding, with just a few friends and relations.• Business is quiet during the holidays.• A quiet person is one who does not talk muchHe was a quiet, almost taciturn, young man.• keep (sth) quiet to try to stop other people from finding out about a fact• She managed to keep the operation quiet for a while.• Davies kept quiet about the amount of money being spent.• quietness noun • This luxury car offers comfort, quietness and speed.

talkative, adj.

• talking a lot

• She's a lively, talkative person.

sensitive, adj.

• easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed or angry

• Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.• He was very sensitive about his scar and thought

everyone was staring at him.• A sensitive subject, situation, etc. needs to be dealt with

carefully in order to avoid upsetting people• Sex education and birth control are sensitive issues.• The stolen car contained military documents described as

very sensitive.• sensitiveness noun

strict, adj.• strongly limiting someone's freedom to behave as they wish, and likely to severely punish

them if they do not obey• My parents were very strict with me when I was young.• Stricter controls on air pollution would help to reduce acid rain.• A strict curfew has been imposed from dusk till dawn.• We follow very strict guidelines on the use and storage of personal details on computers.• Do you think stricter gun laws would reduce the murder rate in the United States?• The drug should only be administered under strict medical supervision.• The negotiations took place in strict (= total) secrecy.• exactly correct a strict translation of the text• He would be found guilty under a strict interpretation of the law.• describes someone who follows the rules and principles of a belief or way of living very

carefully and exactly, or a belief or principle that is followed very carefully and exactlyHis parents were strict Catholics.

• She's a strict vegetarian and refuses to eat any poultry or fish.• in a strict sense in the most limited meaning of a word, phrase, etc. In a strict sense, frost

refers simply to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius or less.

Form of the Simple Present Tense

We add -s or -es to the base form of the verb in the third person singular.

•I work >You work >He works >She works >It works > in an office.

•We work >You work >They work >

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

•Permanent truths

•We use the Simple Present for statements that are always true:

•Summer follows spring. Gases expand when heated.

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

• 'The present period' We use the Simple Present to refer to events, actions or situations which are true in the present period of time and which, for all we know, may continue indefinitely. What we are saying, in effect, is 'this is the situation as it stands at present':

• My father works in a bank. My sister wears glasses.

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

Habitual actions The Simple Present can be used with or without an adverb of time to describe habitual actions, things that happen repeatedly:•I get up at 7. John smokes a lot. •We can be more precise about habitual actions by using the Simple Present with adverbs of indefinite frequency (always, never, etc.) or with adverbial phrases such as every day:•I sometimes stay up till midnight. •She visits her parents every day. •We commonly use the Simple Present to ask and answer questions which begin with How often?:•How often do you go to the dentist? - I go every six months. •Questions relating to habit can be asked with ever and answered with never:•Do you ever eat meat? - No, I never eat meat.

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

• Future reference• This use is often related to timetables and programmes or to events in the calendar:• The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st. • The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30. • We leave tomorrow at 11.15 and arrive at 17.50. • Wednesday, May 24th marks our 25th wedding anniversary. • Observations and declarations• We commonly use the Simple Present with stative and other verbs to make observations and declarations in the course of

conversation: e.g.• I hope/assume/suppose/promise everything will be all right. • I bet you were nervous just before your driving test. • It says here that the police expect more trouble in the city. • I declare this exhibition open. • I see/hear there are roadworks in the street again. • I love you. I hate him. • We live in difficult times. - I agree. • Simple Present Tense in adverbial clauses of time: 'no future after temporals'• When the time clause refers to the future, we normally use the simple present after after, as soon as, before, by the time,

directly, immediately, the moment, till, until and when where we might expect a Simple Future.• The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby is born. • I will go to the cinema after I finish my homework. • You will get the dessert as soon as you finish your dinner.

The Present Continuous Tense

• We use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening now.

• The kids are watching TV.

• I am sitting down, because I am tired.

• I am not learning German, because this is an English class.

• Who are you writing to?

The Present Continuous Tense

• We can also use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening around now, and not necessarily this very moment.

• Sally is studying really hard for her exams this week.

• I am reading a really interesting book now.

• How are you brushing up on your English for the trip?

• We aren't working hard these days.

The Present Continuous Tense

• The Present Continuous Tense is also used to talk about activities happening in the near future, especially for planned future events.

• I am seeing my dentist on Wednesday.

• Polly is coming for dinner tomorrow.

• Are you doing anything tonight?

• We aren't going on holiday next week.