Unifying PrinciplesPrinciple 1: Heat energy inside Earth and radiation from the Sun provide energy for Earth’s processes

Principle 2: Physical forces, such as gravity, affect the movement of all matter on Earth and throughout the

universePrinciple 3: Matter and energy move among Earth’s rocks and soil, atmosphere, waters, and living things

Principle 4: Earth has changed over time and continues to change

Unit 2: Earth’s Surface

Chapter 5: Views of Earth TodayChapter 6: Minerals and Rocks

Chapter 7: Erosion and Depositio

Chapter 5: Views of Earth todayModern technology has changed the way we

view and map Earth

5.1: Maps and globes are models of Earth5.2: Topographic maps show the shape of

the land5.3: Technology is used to map Earth

Warm-up Questions (T/F)

1. Topographic maps show elevation but not relief

2. Closely spaced contour lines indicate gradual slopes

3. Mountaintops are enclosed by circles on topographic maps

Warm-up Questions (T/F)

1. Topographic maps show elevation but not relief

Topographic maps show elevation, relief, and slope2. Closely spaced contour lines indicate gradual

slopesClosely spaced contour lines indicate steep slopes

3. Mountaintops are enclosed by circles on topographic maps

True

5.3: Technology is used to map Earth

• Before, you learned:– Contour lines are used on topographic maps to show

elevation, slope, an relief– Contour lines follow certain rules– Map symbols show many natural and human-made

features• Now, you will learn:– How remote-sensing images can provide detailed and

accurate information about Earth– How geographic data can be displayed in layers ot

build maps

Remote sensing provides detailed images of Earth

• Remote sensing – the use of scientific equipment to gather information about something from a distance– From binoculars to camera to satellites– 1840’s: climb a mountain to carefully draw a hill,

valley, river, and landform– Today: remote-sensing images from airplanes and

satellites can be used to make highly detailed and accurate maps of Earth’s surface

Remote sensing provides detailed images of Earth

• Airplanes cameras use film to record data• Satellites use sensors to build images of Earth– Sensors: a mechanical or electrical tool that receives a

signal, such as light, and responds to it– Collect information about the different types of

energy coming from Earth’s surface• Data is then sent to computers on Earth and is turned into

images– Changes to Earth’s surface are studied by using false-

color images • False-color images: natural colors are replaced with artificial

ones to show special features

– Changes to Earth’s surface are studied by using false-color images • False-color images: natural

colors are replaced with artificial ones to show special features

– P. 172 True color vs False Color to show features

Geographic information systems display data in layers

• What if you want to see information about the surface (buildings, streets, parks, etc.), AND tunnels? And population…And….

• Geographic information systems (GIS): computer system that can store and arrange geographic data and show the data in many different types of maps– Ex: to build a new airport, need information on…

• Population, major highways, available & flat land…• GIS uses all data to produce a map showing the best sites for

the airport

• P.172

GIS - converted into a map• Ex: Mammoth Mountain began giving off carbon dioxide, or CO2

– As the gas rose through the soil, it began killing the roots of trees nearby

– Scientists measured the flow of CO2 around Horseshoe Lake and other areas

– They used computer software to build the maps shown below