CHAPTER 11Unicellular Eukaryotes

I. PROTISTS

A. They are the most primitive eukaryotes

B. They are the most diverse kingdomC. Were considered plants before 1969D. Can be unicellular or not (colonies)E. There are two groups 1. Protozoa 2. Algae

II. PROTOZOA

A. Animal-like protistsB. All are heterotrophicC. Free living protozoans live where there

is water and in soilD. Parasitic protozoans live in the

bloodstream and tissues of their hostsE. Most lack an outer coating

F. Different phyla 1. Sarcodina-The squishy movers a. Amoebas b. Live in freshwater c. Use cytoplasmic streaming to move d. Has two regions: Ectoplasm and

Endoplasm e. Move by pseudopodia (false feet)

extensions of endoplasm that allow them to ooze

along f. Absorb nutrition by diffusion or get it by phagocytosis

2. Ciliophora-Stroke, stroke, stroke a. Paramecium b. Use cilia that line the outer cell wall and

move in synchronized strokes c. Found in freshwater and marine environments d. Have two nuclei: the macronucleus (asexual reproduction, digestion, respiration, protein synthesis) and the micronucleus (heredity, sexual reproduction)

e. Have oral grooves for feeding and an anal pore for waste

f. Reproduce asexually using binary fission or sexually using conjugation

3. Zoomastigina-Whip, whip, whip a. Use flagella to pull, push and propel themselves b. Many live in ponds or lakes c. Some are parasitic and cause

disease

4. Sporozoa-The Do-Nothings a. Have no means of locomotion b. All are parasites c. Travel in the blood or bodily fluids of the host d. Absorb nutrition from their host

III. ALGAE

A. Plant-like protists B. Most are aquatic C. Most are classified by color D. Photosynthetic

E. Different phyla 1. Chlorophyta: The Green Algae 2. Phaeophyta: The Brown Algae 3. Rhodophyta: The Red Algae 4. Chrysophyta: The Golden Brown

Algae 5. Pyrrophyta: The Fire Algae

6. Euglena: The Misfit Algae-Protozoa a. Contain chlorophyll b. In the dark it becomes heterotrophic c. Abundant in freshwater lakes or ponds d. Have contractile vacuoles and eyespots 

IV. SLIME/PLASMODIUM

A. Were classified as fungi for years.B. Live on land or freshwaterC. Heterotrophic

D. Two kinds 1. Plasmodial Slime Mold a. single mass of cytoplasm undivided

by membranes b. Extends pseudopodia to eat bacteria c. forms reproductive structures called sporangia when food is scarce

2. Cellular Slime Mold a. Have unicellular and multicellular life

cycles 1. Solitary haploid cells that reproduce asexually 2. Colony forms when food is scarce,

looks like a slug 3. Spores form, asexual reproduction