UNI Andreja Koban 1982 61195345 - core.ac.uk · obligacije, dynamic necessity, deontic necessity....
Transcript of UNI Andreja Koban 1982 61195345 - core.ac.uk · obligacije, dynamic necessity, deontic necessity....
UNIVERZA V MARIBORU
FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA
Oddelek za anglistiko in amerikanistiko
DIPLOMSKO DELO
Andreja Koban
Maribor, 2009
UNIVERZA V MARIBORU
FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA
Oddelek za amerikanistiko in anglistiko
Diploma work
THE ENGLISH MODAL AND SEMI-MODAL
VERBS EXPRESSING OBLIGATION
A Critical Review
Mentor: Candidate:
Doc. dr. Jurančič Petek Klementina Andreja Koban
Maribor, 2009
Lektorica za slovenski jezik: Margit Berlič Ferlinc, prof. ang. in slov.
ACKNOWLEDMENTS
I would like to thank and extend my sincere gratitude to the following persons
who have made the completion of my diploma work possible. Firstly, to my
mentor doc. dr. Klementina Jurančič Petek, for her professional help, guidance
and advice and especially for her inspiration. Most especially to my family, for
their encouragement, understanding and motivation and to all of those who have
supported me during my studies.
I Z J A V A
Podpisana Andreja Koban, rojena 15.11.1982, študentka Filozofske fakultete
Univerze v Mariboru, smer Angleščina s književnostjo in zgodovina, izjavljam, da
je diplomsko delo z naslovom THE ENGLISH MODAL AND SEMI-MODAL
VERBS EXPRESSING OBLIGATION – A Critical Review pri mentorju doc. dr.
Klementini Jurančič Petek, avtorsko delo.
V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso
prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev.
__________________________________
Maribor, 27.07.2009
ABSTRACT
The diploma work is based on English modal and semi – modal verbs expressing
obligation and on the critical review of their Slovene translations in the novels
»Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen and »Seduction« by Amanda Quick (Jayne
Ann Krentz). The main problem dealt within the diploma work is the adequacy of
Slovene translations and the degree in which the English modality is preserved or
on the other hand completely ignored. The research is based on the novels from
different time periods and as such provides also the opportunity for the critical
overview of the extent in which modality is originally used in each novel. The
comparison is therefore made on four levels (Eng.-Eng., 1st Eng.-Slo., 2nd Eng.-
Slo., Slo.-Slo.).
KEY WORDS
English modal verbs, English semi-modal verbs, English modals of obligation,
Dynamic necessity, Deontic necessity.
POVZETEK
Diplomsko delo temelji na angleških modalnih in polmodalnih glagolih, ki
izražajo obvezo, in na kritičnem pregledu njihovih slovenskih prevodov v romanih
»Privzetnost in pristranost« avtorice Jane Austen ter »Zapeljevanje« avtorice
Amande Quick (Jayne Ann Krentz). Osrednji raziskovalni problem diplomskega
dela je primernost slovenskih prevodov in stopnja, do katere se pomen angleške
modalnosti ohranja oziroma po drugi strani popolnoma izključuje. Raziskava
temelji na romanih iz različnih časovnih obdobij in tako ponuja možnost tudi za
kritični pregled dejanske razsežnosti uporabe modalnih in polmodalnih glagolov v
izvornih delih. Primerjava je tako narejena na štirih ravneh (ang. - ang., 1. ang. -
slo., 2. ang. - slo., slo. - slo.).
KLJUČNE BESEDE
Angleški modalni glagoli, angleški polmodalni glagoli, angleški modalni glagoli
obligacije, dynamic necessity, deontic necessity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ............................................................................................................... 1
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 2
2 THEORETICAL PART ............................................................................... 3
2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH MODALITY .................. 3
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE MODALS AND SEMI-MODALS
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION IN THE SENSE OF DEONTIC AND
DYNAMIC NECESSITY ............................................................................. 4
2.2.1 MUST ............................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 HAVE (GOT) TO ................................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 MUST VS. HAVE (GOT) TO ................................................................................ 8 2.2.4 HAD BETTER .................................................................................................. 10 2.2.5 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO ................................................................................ 10 2.2.6 NEED ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.7 DYNAMIC AND DEONTIC NECESSITY .............................................................. 14
3 EMPIRICAL PART ................................................................................... 15
3.1 PURPOSE .................................................................................................... 15
3.2 ANALYSIS AND DETAILED DEFINITION ......................................... 15
3.2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ................................................................................. 16
3.3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 16
3.3.1 RESEARCH METHODS ..................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 RESEARCH PATTERN ...................................................................................... 17
3.4 RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA17
3.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MODAL AND SEMI – MODAL VERBS FOUND IN THE NOVELS
»PRIDE AND PREJUDICE« AND »SEDUCTION« ................................................ 17 3.4.2 THE ADEQUACY OF THE SLOVENE TRANSLATIONS ACCORDING TO THE
FUNCTION OF MODALS AND SEMI – MODALS IN ENGLISH ............................... 30
3.5 ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCHED MATERIAL .............................. 44
3.6 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 48
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 49
SUPPLEMENTS .................................................................................................. 50
TABLE OF FIGURES
Diagram 1: The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«. ................ 44
Diagram 2: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in
»Pride and Prejudice«. ........................................................................................... 44
Diagram 3: The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«. ............................... 45
Diagram 4: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in
»Seduction«. ........................................................................................................... 45
Diagram 5: The frequency of modals in both novels. ............................................ 46
Diagram 6: The relation between dynamic and deontic necessity within and
between both novels. .............................................................................................. 46
Diagram 7: The comparison of both Slovene translations. .................................... 47
1
PREFACE
In my diploma work I am basically concentrating on the problem of translation of
the English modal and semi – modal verbs into Slovene. English language has a
very complex modality system in comparison with Slovene, which is by all means
not so extensive. In addition to the later, we can face problems translating English
modals and one of the biggest problems can occur, when we try to preserve the
actual meaning of an English modal or semi – modal for that matter. For that
reason I have decided to critically review the existent Slovene translations made
in literary works.
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1 INTRODUCTION
For the research purposes I have decided to concentrate on modals and semi –
modals that express obligation. The main idea was to find the examples of that
kind of modality in two literary works, which are »Pride and Prejudice« by Jane
Austen and »Seduction« by Amanda Quick and compare them to the Slovene
translations. My main concern was to establish in what extent the Slovene
translations are adequate and modality preserved and what is the degree of
deviation, if that exists. With the usage of two novels from the different time
periods, I have gain the opportunity to compare in which extent the modality is
used in each of the English originals. Furthermore the translations into Slovene
are made by different translators, which gave me a possibility of comparison also
between those two. The critical comparison is therefore made on four levels.
Firstly, the comparison between English and Slovene version of each novel was
made, secondly the comparison between both English novels and thirdly the
comparison between both Slovene translations.
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2 THEORETICAL PART
2.1 General introduction to English modality
Palmer (1990, p. 1) states that modality is one of a number of semantic-
grammatical features that according to Jespersen (1924, p. 56; cited from Palmer,
1990, p. 1): »Janus-like face both ways, towards form, and towards notion«.
Furthermore he says that the tense in English is concerned with the distinctions
found in like/liked, take/took, etc. and the notion of time, while grammatical
number is concerned with the distinctions in cat/cats, mouse/mice etc. and the
notion of enumeration. He also suggests a possibility, to discuss such categories
typologically or across languages. This involves first the identification of formal
grammatical categories in different languages, and secondly the identification of
them as being the same in terms of their shared meanings.
In continuation, Palmer (1990, p. 2) states that the situation with modality is rather
different, because there is no simple, clearly definable, semantic category, such as
time and enumeration. He therefore resorts to Lyons's (1977, p. 452; cited from
Palmer, 1990, p. 2) definition, which suggests that modality is concerned with the
'opinion and attitude' of the speaker and marks it as a fairly helpful preliminary
definition. In his opinion there is certainly the case that investigation has shown
that there are very different formal systems, such as the modal verbs in English,
the subjunctive mood in both modern and classical languages of Europe and the
system of clitics or particles in Australian and American Indian languages that
have much in common in terms of the meanings that they express. The meanings
expressed by the modal verbs in English represent, according to Palmer (1987, p.
96; 1990, p. 2), to a large degree, those that are to be included in a typological
account of modality. He furthermore states that for English, and indeed for other
languages, it is necessary to distinguish the more central modal meanings and
those that are more peripheral.
In his opinion, in any language, a grammatical system can be described as modal
only if it expresses part of the central set of modal meanings. Although one of the
most interesting things about an investigation of modality, by his opinion, is that
other modal systems often express meanings that are not associated with modality
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in English, yet can be shown to be closely related in some way or other to these
more central notions. But the closeness of this relationship is in his opinion,
essentially a matter of degree and as a result he states that it is by no means easy
to delimit the semantic range of the more widely defined category of modality.
2.2 Classification of the modals and semi-modals expressing
obligation in the sense of deontic and dynamic necessity
The dividing line between deontic and dynamic modality is far less easy to
establish than the distinction between epistemic modality and other kinds of
modality. Nevertheless there are semantic and syntactic features that justify
treating them as two separate kinds. There are two degrees of necessity and
deontic necessity is more problematic to establish. In most cases there is no clear
line between the uses of modals for deontic and neutral dynamic necessity. Some
modals, also never express discourse oriented necessity, but neutral or
'circumstantial' necessity (Palmer, 1990, p. 69, 113).
2.2.1 Must
The modal must represents the deontic modality only when the speaker or writer
clearly takes responsibility for the imposing of the necessity, which is clearly
shown in the following example (Palmer, 1990, p. 73).
»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore
you must visit him as soon as he comes.« (PP)
Here the speaker reports what he is doing with urge. Furthermore the speaker may
also report what someone else deontically requires as in the next example (Palmer,
1990, p. 73).
The Faculty of Art is saying ''These people must be expelled if they cheat on the
exams''. (AK)
A new insistence from premier Pahor that the opposition must negotiate if there's
to be any settlement. (AK)
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In the second of the above examples must occurs in a subordinate clause, but the
sense is the same – the speaker reports that Pahor deontically ''insists''. There are
also other examples of deontic must, where the context itself is not helpful
(Palmer, 1990, p. 73).
You must keep this to yourself, don't talk with your parents about it. (AK)
The above example is clearly a very firm piece of advice, almost an imperative.
Sometimes must is also used for invitations, which might seem a little odd
(Palmer, 1990, p. 73).
Well, you must say where you want to go for your holiday. (AK)
Oh, you must come round and visit us in Ljubljana. (AK)
In the above examples it is relevant that in both cases the subject is ''you''. Palmer
(1990, p. 73) notes at this point that the important thing here is that deontic
necessity usually implies that the speaker is in a position to lay the obligation, and
is thus in a position of some authority; it would, therefore, not seem to be
appropriate in invitations, in which the speaker should not appear to be giving
orders or making demands, or in any way implying that he has the authority to
ensure compliance. Palmer (1990, p. 73) continuous that it is in fact, polite to be
insistent in matters in which the person addressed is the beneficiary from the
action; one can thus firmly insist that he says where he wants to go on holiday, or
that he pays a visit. Palmer (1990, p. 73) implies that in this cases is nothing very
odd about the use of must; it merely reflects a social convention. Furthermore,
must is in his opinion, often used in a rather weaker sense with a limited set of
verbs all related to the act of conversation – I must say / admit / be honest / ask
you / reiterate / confess / concede / mention and you must remember / admit /
realize / understand, etc. With these, he thinks, there is still an element of
discourse orientation; the speaker either imposes the obligation on himself and by
so doing actually performs the act, or else asks his hearer to behave in a similar
fashion. The mentioned is clearly seen from the following examples:
»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that
I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain
desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../« (PP)
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You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a
courtship. (S)
From the above, we can see that must is sometimes used where there is deontic or
discourse oriented modality. Must also often occurs where, in assertion, there is
little or no indication of the involvement of the speaker, which is considered as
dynamic necessity and is seen in the next examples (Palmer, 1990, p. 113).
I lunched yesterday with one of the leaders of the opposition party whose name
must obviously be kept quiet. (AK)
If the management should be consulted, so too must the board of the company.
(AK)
There are also examples in which the subject is either ''I'' or ''we'', and it is fairly
clear that the meaning is simply ''It is necessary for me / us to...''. Generally
speaking we do not lay obligations upon ourselves, which is clearly shown in the
following examples (Palmer, 1990, p. 113).
I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy. (S)
I must ask for that week off, since we are going to Paris. (AK)
We must have it out, clean it and prepare it for the Sunday's barbecue. (AK)
Further examples of this neutral must will be discussed in the chapter where must
is compared with have (got) to and as will be seen there is no obvious difference
in meaning.
The negative form of mustn't negates the proposition / event and expresses an
obligation not to act (Palmer, 1990, p. 117).
I think you mustn't worry too much about Jan, he will eventually find the right
solution. (Dynamic necessity) (AK)
Nothing must be changed in the store until she makes an inventory. (Dynamic
necessity) (AK)
You mustn't play with matches. (Deontic modality) (AK)
You mustn't go to that party. (Deontic modality) (AK)
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Palmer (1990, p. 117) also states that it is also possible, with negative words and
appropriate stress, to deny the whole sentence. In this, however, it is not the
preposition that is negated, nor strictly the modality, but the whole sentence.
No one must go. (P)
You never must do it. (P)
Must has no past tense form, instead have to is used in neutral necessity. Must
may be used in interrogation if an already stated or implied must is being
questioned. (Palmer, 1990, 119-120).
Tony: You must go now.
Peter: Oh, must I go? (AK)
2.2.2 Have (got) to
Palmer (1987, p. 129; 1990, p. 114) states that there are four issues to be
considered when talking about have (got) to. First of all, whether there is any
difference between have to and have got to; secondly, what is the meaning of
these verbs; thirdly, how they differ from must; and finally, whether in fact the
deontic / distinction is a valid one. Furthermore he recognizes three points of
difference between have to and have got to. Firstly, have to is more formal and
have got to belongs to a more colloquial style and generally appears only in the
spoken texts. Secondly, have got to has no non-finite forms and instead the forms
of have to must be used. And thirdly, have got to is much rarer in the past tense,
and may differ in meaning from have to, in that only the latter usually implies
actuality.
The meaning of have (got) to in Palmer's (1990, p. 114) opinion is simply that of
''circumstances compel'' – external necessity, which is shown in the following
examples.
I have got to be at Maribor train station at seven o'clock. (AK)
There are four books that you've got to study for your history exam. (AK)
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Palmer (1990, p. 115) states that the sense of external compulsion is sometimes
fairly strong and that it could be argued that to account for have (got) to we need
not only subject oriented and neutral necessity, but also external necessity.
Negative:
In the case of have (got) to the modality is negated not the proposition, which
furthermore mean simply ''It is not necessary...'' and therefore gives the possibility
for choice. There is no obligation what so ever.
You don't have to go to your grandmother's house if you are tired. (AK)
Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my
admirers. (S)
2.2.3 Must vs. Have (got) to
Palmer (1990, p. 115) suggests that there are three main points that have to be
made in contrasting have (got) to with must. Firstly, there are some contexts in
which these verbs are interchangeable and seem not to differ at all in meaning, but
it is very difficult to make intuitive decision about this. In every example of
dynamic necessity, must could replace have (got) to but it is not clear whether the
meaning would be really different. Palmer (1990, p. 115) implies that one can
insist that with must the speaker is in some way involved, even though his
involvement may be minimal, but that can hardly be proved. Furthermore he
implies that must and have (got) to sometimes occur in very similar environments
and this justifies the belief that in some circumstances no distinction can be drawn
between them or in other words, there may be some complete overlap in the area
of neutral necessity, which can be clearly seen in the following examples.
I must have a tourist visa. Otherwise I won’t be able to go to Egypt. (AK)
I've really got to know when the exam is taking place. Otherwise I might not be
able to apply myself on time. (AK)
In above examples, Palmer (1990, p. 115) states, there is no obvious speaker
involvement. He furthermore justifies his definition of overlap in neutral
necessity, with the next two examples (general instructions), where he thinks the
speaker is in no way personally involved.
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When this happens you will see the boat's speed fall off and you must pay off just a
little. (P)
It's on the end of that safety line. All you've got to do is haul in. (P)
Palmer (1990, p. 116) concludes that these examples strongly suggest that the
speaker involvement is not always indicated by must in contrast with have (got)
to. On the other hand, he implies that must would not be used where it is clear that
there is external necessity. So, he draws, a distinction between three kinds of
necessity, deontic (subject oriented), neutral and external, and in his opinion it
could be said that must may be either deontic or neutral and have (got) to either
neutral or external and that negatively, have (got) to is never deontic and must
never external.
Secondly, Palmer (1990, p. 116) states that in the present tense have to and have
got to imply actuality, while must does not. This accounts for the use of have got
to in the following example where must could not be used.
It's a slow walk down the stage. Madonna has got to fight her way through the
crowd of fans. (AK)
This refers to Madonna actually in the process of fighting her way through. If
must had been used it could only refer to the future, to the necessity in the future
to fight his way through; have got to indicates that he is actually doing so (Palmer,
1990, p. 116).
Thirdly, Palmer (1990, p. 116) implies that since must, like the other modals, has
no non-finite forms, only have to can be used where a non-finite form is required
(after another modal or similar form). The example of which is as follows.
It's too late now to apply him for scuba diving class. I would have had to do that
last month. (AK)
I am going to have to take a loan to buy a house. (AK)
It is not only 'must' that has no finite forms however – neither does have got to.
Only have to can be used in such circumstances (Palmer, 1990, p. 116).
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2.2.4 Had better
Palmer (1990, p. 82) notes that formally 'had better' is modal – with no third
person –s form, no to, and a negative 'hadn't better' or 'had better not'.
Semantically it seems to be deontic in the loose sense in which 'should' and 'ought
to' might be so considered. The speaker advises the hearer of his best course of
action, and is fairly firm about his advice with the implication that unpleasant
consequences may follow if it is not taken, as in the next example.
You'd better ask him when you can take your final exam. (AK)
If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better
learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge. (S)
However, it is by no means clear that the speaker is in any way taking
responsibility. It would seem rather that he is more concerned with hinting at the
consequences. If so, this is not deontic modality, but neutral dynamic, like 'have
(got) to'. Syntactically, however, 'had better' is like the deontic modals in that it
has no past tense forms. The nearest paraphrase in the past is 'It would have been
better for...', with the modality indicated by the conditional 'would have' rather
than a modal. The negative form 'hadn't better', moreover, like 'mustn't', negates
the proposition not the modality; it advises non-action. 'Had better' also seems to
be voice-neutral. For these reason it seems to be a deontic modal (Palmer, 1990, p.
82).
2.2.5 Should and ought to
Palmer (1990, p. 122) states that it is not at all clear that (except in subordinate
clauses) English makes any distinction between should and ought to. And in his
opinion they seem to be largely interchangeable even with tag questions, since he
finds nothing odd about the following use of the both:
Matej ought to help you with this, shouldn't he? (AK)
The only point to arise from the Palmer's (1990, p. 122) survey is that should is
more common than ought to. Palmer (1990, p. 123) also states that should and
ought to are clearly necessity modals in that, like must they are concerned with
obligations, duty, etc., but, in some sense, they are rather weaker than must. One
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obvious difference is, by his opinion, that must does not allow for the event
referred to not to take place, as shown by the impossibility of the next example:
Tanja must finish college, but she won't. (AK)
By contrast, there is nothing unusual about:
Tanja should / ought to finish college, but she won't. (AK)
By Palmer's (1990, p. 123) opinion it is then reasonable, to consider the difference
between must and should / ought to in terms of actuality, or whether or not there is
an implication that the event referred to will take place, or has taken place, and to
look at examples of should / ought to in that light. He therefore makes the
following assumptions:
a) Often there is actually an implication that the event does not or did not take
place, an implication of non-actuality (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).
You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on
offering for me. (S)
You ought to be ashamed not to help your mother, but you aren't. (AK)
It is significant, too, that both occur commonly with a comparative adverb or
adjective (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).
You should exercise more. You don't exercise enough, my dear. (AK)
I think students ought to be better informed about their employment
possibilities. (AK)
The implication is, of course, that the subject failed to reach the standards
suggested (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).
b) Often, however, ought to and should are quite neutral in their implication of
actuality, especially where there is reference to future events (Palmer, 1990, p.
123).
Should be interesting. (S)
So perhaps I ought to ask you some further questions for higher grade. (AK)
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c) In some examples there is a suggestion that the event is actualized, but, even
so, the speaker does not fully commit himself to that implication, as he would
have done with has to (Palmer, 1990, p. 123- 124).
Well it ought to be, at that price. (P)
Palmer (1990, p. 124) furthermore points out that the forms should have and
ought to have nearly always imply that the event did not take place.
...and Andreja should have started work in June. (AK)
This is, by Palmer's (1990, p. 124) opinion, in striking contrast with had to which
generally implies that the event did, in fact, take place. He points out that these
forms were earlier treated as the past tense forms of should and ought to, with the
implication that it is the modality that is referred to as being past. Yet one might
imagine, from the form itself, in parallel with similar forms for the epistemic
modals, that have indicates the pastness of the proposition. This, however, would
make, as Palmer (1990, p. 124) puts it, little semantic sense; there can be no
obligation, duty, necessity in the present to perform acts in the past.
Palmer (1990, p. 125) states that negative forms oughtn't to or shouldn't negate the
proposition, which means that there is a necessity not to act. He further points out
that in this case it is the (negative) proposition that is unreal, with the implication
that the event did, in fact, take place.
Manja was being very critical on the subject of abortion, but she shouldn't have
been talking only about one point of view. (AK)
He should never have spoken at all, since he hasn't got any clue what is going on.
(AK)
Palmer (1990, p. 126) roughly paraphrases the use of discussed modals above as
follows: Shouldn't / oughtn't to – is ''necessary-not'' and would not happen;
Shouldn't have / oughtn't to have – was ''necessary-not'' and would not have
happened.
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Palmer (1990, p. 126) states that for the negation of modality there is no obvious
form. In his opinion need may, perhaps, supply the forms but, it seems also to be
the verb used to correspond to must.
Interrogatives can question only the modality. The negative forms are normally
used either in their normal negative interrogative function or as tags (Palmer,
1990, p. 126).
Ought it not to be possible, that men and women would make some kind of
compromise and just get along? (AK)
Yes, because this ought to be done tomorrow, oughtn't it? (AK)
Oughtn't to and shouldn't can also be used for questions about the negative
(Palmer, 1990, p. 126).
Shouldn't Tanja Come? (AK)
Palmer (1990, p. 126) suggests that above may mean either, ''Is it the case that
Tanja shouldn't come?'' or ''Isn't it the case that Tanja should come?''
2.2.6 Need
In the case of need there is a modal and a non-modal. They are formally
distinguished in that, that only the latter had non-finite forms, an –s form and
occurs with to, while the modal has the ''nice'' properties and it will not normally
occur in code or emphatic affirmation (Palmer, 1990, p. 127)
Examples are:
Tanja may need to stay a couple of nights, her apartment is being renovated.
(AK)
Although your solution is pretty good, I think it isn't the one that we need go for.
(AK)
The first example is a clear example of the main verb. In the second the absence
of to indicates this is the modal, not the main verb, and although there is no
negation in the clause, there is, a negative in a higher clause, which makes the
modal possible (Palmer, 1990, p. 127).
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Problems with modal need occur, by Palmer's (1990, p. 127, 128) opinion, with
the forms used for non-assertion and past tense. He makes the following points
about the latter:
a) In negative assertion needn't is the form used to negate the modality for
necessity (''not-necessary''), in contrast with mustn't, which negates the
proposition as was already mentioned.
b) In present positive interrogation there seems to be no difference in meaning
between the modal and non-modal, both merely questioning the necessity.
Need I say more? (AK)
Do I need to say more? (AK)
Palmer (1990, p. 128) points out only the stylistic difference which is that the non-
modal verb is more likely to occur in formal or written texts.
c) The non-modal need is more likely to be used as a negative interrogative.
d) The past tense forms of the full verb function normally, and express ''not
necessary''.
2.2.7 Dynamic and deontic necessity
Palmer (1990, p. 131) suggests that it could be argued that must and have (got) to
are always deontic, provided that a distinction is drawn between ''subjective'' and
''objective'' deontic modality. The difference between them would then, by Palmer
(1990, p. 131) opinion, lie in the deontic source, with must it would often be the
speaker, with have (got) to it would never be the speaker. Palmer (1990, p. 131)
furthermore explains that while must might sometimes be subjective, have (got) to
would always be objective, but both would be deontic in that some kind of deontic
necessity was involved.
The above would, by Palmer (1990, p. 131) opinion, provide one obvious
advantage, which is that it would account for the deontic and dynamic uses of
must within a single kind of modality. But he furthermore argues that such a
solution would suggest that a similar analysis should be provided for possibility,
which is on the other hand much more clearly distinct and such a solution couldn't
be applied.
15
3 EMPIRICAL PART
3.1 Purpose
The purpose of my diploma work is to establish, if the Slovene translations of the
English modal and semi – modal verbs are adequate and if they preserve their
actual meaning. Furthermore, I will try to establish the frequency in which the
English modal and semi – modal verbs occur in the literary works of two different
authors and finally, I will compare the two Slovene translations and try to
establish, if there are any differences between the styles of translation.
3.2 Analysis and detailed definition
3.2.1 Research questions
Specific descriptive questions:
a) Are Slovene translations of English modal and semi – modal verbs expressing
obligation adequate and if not, what is the degree of deviation. The main
concern in this point is not only the proper translation of a modal, but also if
this translation preserves the meaning of a modal or semi – modal and if the
degree of obligation is equivalent to original.
b) How frequent is the occurrence of English modal and semi – modal verbs
expressing obligation in the original novels »Pride and Prejudice« and
»Seduction«.
c) How the Slovene translations of both novels differ, if at all and where do this
differences occur.
Specific explicative questions:
a) Is there any correlation between the frequency of modal usage in the two
original novels, since they are of the same genre, but from different time
periods?
b) Is there a difference in deviation of Slovene translations, because of the two
different translators?
16
3.2.2 Research hypothesis
The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that there will be certain
differences between the two original novels, since the language of Austen is from
a different time period and especially stigmated with the usage of modality.
Although, I think the difference will be quite small since Quick is writing history
novels, which are placed in the time of Austen. As the translations are concerned,
there will certainly be a certain degree of deviation, since the English modality
system is far more complex than Slovene one. The differences between English
and Slovene will probably be most obvious in the frame of mild obligation, since
the Slovene translation of 'should' or 'ought to' is frequently the same as that of
'must' or 'have to'. The differences between two Slovene translations will be, in
my opinion, small, since younger translators usually learn from older ones and the
style of translation is therefore somewhat adopted.
3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 Research methods
In my diploma work I will use two research methods: the descriptive method and
the causal – unexperimental method. In the frame of the first, I will concentrate on
classification of the English modals and semi – modals which are found in both
novels and express obligation. The classification will comprehend the degree of
obligation expressed by individual modal or semi – modal and the type of
modality which it expresses. Furthermore, the adequacy of Slovene translations
will be established and also determined whether the modality is preserved. If not,
the substitution alternative translations will be offered. In the frame of causal –
unexperimental method, the correlation between the two original novels will be
established on the basis of their genres. Furthermore, I will try to establish if there
is an actual relation between the frequency of modality usage and the time periods
from which the novels arise. In the case of Slovene translations the extent of
deviation in the modality will be established, as well it will be determined if this
deviation is in any case related to the fact that we are dealing with two different
translators.
17
3.3.2 Research pattern
The research pattern is based on two novels from different time periods but of the
same genre. The used novels are »Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen and
»Seduction« by Amanda Quick. For the purpose of the research, the research
pattern is based on original novels in English language as well as on their
translations in Slovene, which are made by two different translators. The
researched material comprehends approximately first 100 pages of each novel.
3.4 Results and interpretation of the collected data
3.4.1 Classification of modal and semi – modal verbs found in the
novels »Pride and Prejudice« and »Seduction«
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane Austen
MUST Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.«
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation, the
speaker clearly takes
responsibility for the
imposing of necessity.
»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the Neighbourhood.« »/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.« »/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«
»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.«
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Strong obligation. The
speaker imposes the
obligation on himself
and actually performs
the act.
»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.« »/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« »Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../«
18
»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../«
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation. The
speaker asks his hearer
to impose obligation on
himself and actually
performs the act.
»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very desirable partner./.../« »/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.« »/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../« »/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../« »/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../« »/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«
»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their father and mother./.../«
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Negates the proposition
and it lays an obligation
or gives an undertaking
that the act will not take
place.
»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../«
»/.../It must not be thought of./.../«
»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to those beautiful eyes?« »I must not decide on my own performance.«
19
»Very well, if it must be so, it must.«
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation but
with the notion of
'neutral' must. The
speaker is not actually
laying an obligation; he
is only stating that 'It is
necessary...'
»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.« »/.../and then you must stay all night.« /.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get the better of it;/.../« When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly said so./.../ »/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a cold?/.../« »/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.« »All this she must possess./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« »/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« »/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« »/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« »/.../I must have employment and society./.../« »/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../« »One must speak a little, you know./.../«
20
»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation but
with the notion of
'neutral' must. The
speaker is not actually
laying an obligation; he
is only stating that 'It is
necessary...'
»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../« »All this she must possess./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« »/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« »/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« »/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« »/.../I must have employment and society./.../« »/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../« »One must speak a little, you know./.../« »/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«
HAVE TO Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were wished away by some of the family./.../
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Neutral necessity with
an application of
actuality, meaning that
the event took place.
21
HAD BETTER Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she feels./.../«
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
The speaker advises the
hearer of his best
course of action and is
firm about his advice
with the implication
that unpleasant
consequences my follow
if it is not taken.
»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain;/.../« »/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../«
SHOULD and OUGHT TO Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention.«
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation. The
speaker takes
responsibility for the
imposing of the
necessity.
»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is required.« /.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole evening. »/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.« »/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the size of the room, or the number of couples.«
The boy protested that she should
not/.../
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Negation of a
proposition in the sense
of mild obligation, with
the necessity not to act.
»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my own, however.« »If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be dishonest,/.../«
22
That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was absolutely necessary/.../
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation. Neutral
in its implication of
actuality.
»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse of feeling should be guided by reason/.../« /.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go downstairs herself. The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield. »What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?« »It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« »/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.«
»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were speaking of just now.«
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation and the
implication that the
event did not take place.
»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first class.« »And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he owes his preferment.«
23
/.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Mild obligation. An
implication that the
event does not take
place, an implication of
non-actuality. The
subject failed to reach
the standard suggested.
SEDUCTION by Amanda Quick
MUST Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it.
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation. The
speaker clearly takes
responsibility for the
imposing of the
necessity.
I must be allowed to buy and read whatever books and tracts I wish. You have already made your choice and now you must take your chances. But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with great skill and caution. I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but apparently the lesson must be made plain. You must learn the fine art of your new career. That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy.
I must insist upon it.
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation. The
speaker imposes the
obligation on himself
and actually performs
the act.
I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the topic amusing. I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of your oath. I must insist on our agreement. She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal. But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men did not handle surprises well.
24
One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.
You must admit you've rushed things a trifle.
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation. The
speaker asks his hearer
to impose obligation on
himself and actually
performs the act.
You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a courtship. But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister endured. Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy. But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you. But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again. You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.
She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Negates the
proposition and it lays
an obligation or gives
an undertaking that
the act will not take
place.
You must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary, Anne.
But first I must seek other things.
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Strong obligation but
with the notion of
'neutral' must. The
speaker is not actually
laying an obligation; he
is only stating that 'It is
necessary...'
I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy. Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity. I must go upstairs. Please, Julian, I must dress. We must talk. We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is. She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had made the decision to leave Eslington Park.
25
We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't you agree? We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same hay bale.
HAVE TO Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain necessities a woman needs.
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Strong obligation.
External necessity,
meaning 'It is
necessary...'
Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest of Society.
If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it himself.
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Neutral necessity,
meaning 'It is
necessary...'
(Obligation is laid on
the speaker or the
hearer or both).
Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious. She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot. A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding. He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage. But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again. Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had told herself. I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating nature.
She had to sit down.
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Neutral necessity and
the actuality of the act
which means that the
act took place. (The
obligation was laid on
the speaker).
His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax. It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honourable way out and he had to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more difficult for her. I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it. I was merely recalling a small
26
business matter I had to attend to last week.
She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take.
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Neutral necessity,
meaning that 'It was
necessary...' without
the implication that the
event took place. (The
obligation was laid on
the speaker).
He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently had found him last night. He had to know just how much of a devil he had been.
Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my admirers.
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Neutral necessity,
meaning 'It is not
necessary for...'. The
modality is negated,
which means that the
speaker imposes a
choice on the hearer
and no obligation is
laid upon him.
HAD BETTER Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge.
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
The speaker advises
the hearer of his best
course of action and is
firm about his advice
with the implication
that unpleasant
consequences my
follow if it is not taken.
Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I had better get on with the task.
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
The speaker decides on
his best course of
action with the
implication that
unpleasant
consequences my
follow if it is not taken.
27
SHOULD and OUGHT TO Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy to predict Sophy's comings and goings.
DE
ON
TIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation. The
speaker takes
responsibility for the
imposing of the
necessity.
If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself, Miss Dorring. A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into consideration. I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in London, my lord. Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behaviour. You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl. Because you should know you would not be able to get away with it. I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols. Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt something should be done about it. After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should consider herself very much in my debt. »And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely. I thought ye'd finally left it in the past where it ought to be.
You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.
DE
ON
TIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Negation of a
proposition in the sense
of mild obligation, with
the necessity not to act.
28
Should be back by half past four.
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation.
Neutral in its
implication of
actuality.
That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she dusted off her hands and rose to her feet. I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to take her off the shelf. Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some privacy? That should settle her stomach. Should be interesting. But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he should take to achieve that goal. Maybe he should do both, he told himself. That should prove interesting, if nothing else. She should be here any minute. And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about how a man ought to go on. »Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said. He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.
By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else.
DY
NA
MIC
NE
CE
SS
ITY
Mild obligation and the
implication that the
event did not take
place.
You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on offering for me. Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge. It should have been a pleasure for you last night. The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life. I should have brought along my sketchbook. Glastonbury and Plimpton should
29
have seen to it that their wives never got their hands on a copy of the Memoirs. Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier. You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for me.
Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best clothes.
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Mild obligation. An
implication that the
event does not take
place, an implication of
non-actuality. The
subject failed to reach
the standard suggested.
I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should know I have very little experience with Society.
NEED Example from the survey Type of
modality
The degree of
obligation
Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honour you would not… would not force yourself on me?
DY
NA
MIC
N
EC
ES
SIT
Y
Modal questions the
necessity. Has the
function of must, but it
is more appropriate. Please, my lord, this is so terribly
embarrassing. Need we discuss it?
30
3.4.2 The adequacy of the Slovene translations according to the
function of modals and semi – modals in English
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane Austen
English example of a modal or semi-
modal used in a sentence Slovene translation
»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../«
»No, dragi moj, zvedeti morate: gospa Long pravi, da je Netherfield vzel v najem zelo premožen mlad mož iz severne Anglije;/.../«
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.«
»/.../Prav verjetno pa je, da se utegne zaljubiti v katero izmed njih, in zato ga morate obiskati, brž ko pride.«
»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the Neighbourhood.«
»Ampak dragi moj, res morate iti obiskat gospoda Bingleya, ko pride v soseščino.«
»/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.«
»/.../Res morate iti, saj ga tudi me ne bomo mogle obiskati, če ga vi ne boste.«
»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.«
»/.../vendar pa moram vplesti dobro besedico za mojo malo Lizzy.«
»/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«
»/.../navsezadnje morajo gospa Long in njeni nečakinji le poskusiti srečo;/.../«
»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very desirable partner./.../«
»/.../Gospod Darcy, morate mi dovoliti, da vam predstavim tole mlado damo kot zelo zaželeno plesalko./.../«
»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.«
»Če so moji otroci neumni, moram upati, da se bom tega zmerom zavedal.«
»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.«
»/.../Upal sem, da se najina mnenja ujemajo v vseh posameznostih, toda moram se toliko raziti z vami, da imam najini najmlajši hčeri za izredno neumni.«
»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their father and mother./.../«
»Moj dragi gospod Bennet, ne smete pričakovati, da bi taki deklici premogli razsodnost svojega očeta in matere./.../«
»/.../and then you must stay all night.« »/.../potem pa boš morala ostati čez noč.«
31
/.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get the better of it;/.../«
/.../Prišel je apotekar, in potem ko je pregledal bolnico, je rekel – da se je hudo prehladila in da si morajo prizadevati, da bo bolezen premagala;/.../«
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly said so./.../
Ko je ura udarila tri, se je Elizabeth zdelo, da mora iti, in je prav nerada to tudi povedala./.../
»/.../A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word;/.../«
»/.../Ženska se mora dobro spoznati na glasbo, petje, risanje, ples in moderne jezike, da zasluži to oznako;/.../«
»/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.«
»/.../poleg vsega tega pa mora imeti še nekaj posebnega v svoji zunanjosti in vedenju in hoji, v barvi glasu, v nastopu in v izrazu, sicer si to oznako le na pol zasluži.«
»All this she must possess./.../« »Vse to mora imeti./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.«
»/.../a vsemu temu mora dodati še nekaj bolj oprijemljivega, izpopolnjevati si mora duha z obilnim branjem.«
»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../«
»/.../Gospod Jones pravi, da ne smemo niti misliti na selitev./.../«
»/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.«
»/.../Še nekaj časa moramo izrabljati vašo ljubeznivost.«
»/.../It must not be thought of./.../« »/.../Še pomisliti ne smete na to!/.../«
»/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.«
»/.../Hotel je reči samo to, da na podeželju človek ne srečuje tako raznovrstnih ljudi kakor v mestu, in priznati morate, da to drži.«
»/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../«
»/.../ampak priznati morate, da je zelo grda./.../«
»/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Darcy mora sam govoriti zase.«
»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to those beautiful eyes?«
»/.../Kar pa zadeva sliko vaše Elizabeth, ne smete tvegati, da bi jo dali narediti, kajti kateri slikar bi mogel biti pravičen tistim lepim očem?«
»/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.«
»/.../Lydia, ljubezen moja, pozvoni – še ta hip moram govoriti s Hillovo.«
»/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../«
»/.../Priznati morate, da je ta zadeva za moja uboga dekleta res bridka./.../«
32
»/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../«
»/.../Če se on hoče izogniti srečevanju z mano, mora sam iti./.../«
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
»/.../I must have employment and society./.../«
»/.../Zaposlitev in družbo moram imeti./.../«
»/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« »/.../kajti temu moram reči nepoštenost.«
»/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../«
»/.../da morajo ljudje, ki se usedejo h kvartanju, to pač tvegati – in na srečo nisem v takem položaju, da bi mi pet šilingov bilo preveč./.../«
»One must speak a little, you know./.../« »Človek mora malo govoriti, veste./.../«
»I must not decide on my own performance.«
»O svojem ravnanju ne smem sama soditi.«
»/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../«
»/.../moraš pa mi oprostiti, da me samo zatrjevanje ne prepriča./.../«
»/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«
»/.../Zato mi morate dovoliti, da v tem primeru storim, kar mi veleva vest, ta pa mi narekuje, da opravim, kar si štejem v dolžnost./.../«
»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«
»/.../Predvsem mora doseči takšen dogovor glede dajatev, da bo koristen zanj in ne spotikljiv za njegovega zaščitnika./.../«
»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../«
»/.../Pisati si mora pridige;/.../«
The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were wished away by some of the family./.../
Longbournska skupina se je odpravljala zadnja med vsemi povabljenimi, in zaradi manevra gospe Bennet je morala čakati na kočijo še četrt ure potem, ko so vsi drugi že odšli, in to ji je omogočilo spoznati, kako srčno si nekateri člani družine želijo, da bi se jim že spravila s poti./.../ M
od
ali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she feels./.../«
»/.../Ženska naj bi v devetih primerih od desetih rajši kazala več naklonjenosti, kakor je občuti./.../«
Mo
da
lity
is
pre
serv
ed
»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain;/.../«
»Ne, ljuba moja, rajši pojezdi, kajti vse kaže, da bo deževalo;/.../«
»/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../«
»/.../Bingley, rajši ostani še do konca prihodnjega tedna./.../«
33
The boy protested that she should not/.../ Fant je ugovarjal, da mu je ne bi
smela;/.../
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention.«
»/.../Jane bi zatorej morala čim bolje izkoristiti vsake pol urice, ko lahko priklene njegovo pozornost./.../«
»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my own, however.«
»/.../Če bi se meni zahotelo v nič devati čigar si bodi otroke, vsaj ne bi smeli biti moji!«
»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse of feeling should be guided by reason/.../«
»Občudujem te, kako dejavna si v svoji dobrohotnosti,« je pripomnila Mary, »toda vsak čustven nagib bi moral voditi razumnost;/.../«
»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is required.«
»/.../in po mojem mnenju bi
moral biti trud vedno sorazmeren temu, kar želimo doseči.«
»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were speaking of just now.«
»/.../vzgojen sem bil za cerkev in zdaj bi že moral imeti nadvse donosno prebendo, ko bi le bilo všeč gospodu, o katerem sva pravkar govorila.«
»If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be dishonest,/.../«
»/.../Če ga že ni vodil kak boljši nagib, bi moral biti vsaj preponosen, da bi bil nepošten/.../«
»What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?«
»Kaj pa je meni gospod Darcy, prosim, da bi se ga morala
bati?/.../« /.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../
/.../in zbala se je, da mogoče zmerom leta iz kraja v kraj in da se sploh ni zasidral v Netherfieldu, kakor naj bi se bil./.../
»/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the size of the room, or the number of couples.«
»/.../jaz sem pokramljala o plesu, vi pa bi morali kaj pripomniti o velikosti sobe ali o številu parov.«
»Very well, if it must be so, it must.« »No, prav; če mora biti, pa naj bo!« Alternative translation: »No, prav; če že mora biti tako,
pač mora.«
Mo
da
lity
is
no
t
ad
equ
ate
ly p
rese
rved
»/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a cold?/.../«
»/.../Čemu neki je njej treba tekati po deželi, ker je njena sestra prehlajena?/.../« Alternative translation: Čemu neki mora ona tekati po
34
deželi, ker je njena sestra
prehlajena?
That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was absolutely necessary/.../
Da so se gospodične Lucasove morale sniti in premleti ples z gospodičnami Bennetovimi, je bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../ Alternative translation: Da so se gospodične Lucasove
bile morale sniti in premleti ples
z gospodičnami Bennetovimi, je
bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
ad
equ
ate
ly p
rese
rved
The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield.
/.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je trajal obisk, šepetali druga z drugo in iz vsega tega se je izcimilo, da mora najmlajša prijeti gospoda Bingleya za besedo, ker je ob prihodu obljubil prirediti ples v Netherfieldu. Alternative translation: /.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je
trajal obisk, šepetali druga z
drugo in iz vsega tega se je
izcimilo, da bi morala najmlajša
prijeti gospoda Bingleya za
besedo, ker je ob prihodu
obljubil prirediti ples v
Netherfieldu.
»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first class.«
»/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno pametna in preudarna; jaz pa bolj verjamem, da del teh zmožnosti izvira iz njenega položaja in imetja, del iz njenega oblastnega vedenja, ostanek pa iz prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si je vbil v glavo, da morajo vsi njegovi sorodniki biti izredno bistrega duha.« Alternative translation: »/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno
pametna in preudarna; jaz pa
bolj verjamem, da del teh
zmožnosti izvira iz njenega
položaja in imetja, del iz njenega
oblastnega vedenja, ostanek pa iz
prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si
je vbil v glavo da bi morali biti
vsi njegovi sorodniki izredno
bistrega duha.«
35
/.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole evening.
/.../da je njegov poglavitni namen prikupiti se ji z rahločutno udvorljivostjo, in da mora torej vsekakor ves večer ostati pri njej./.../ Alternative translation: /.../da je njegov poglavitni namen
prikupiti se ji z rahločutno
udvorljivostjo, in da bi moral
torej vsekakor ves večer ostati
pri njej./.../
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
ad
equ
ate
ly p
rese
rved
»/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.«
»/.../Kadar ima ženska pet odraslih hčera, se mora odreči premišljevanju o svoji lastni lepoti.« Alternative translation: »/.../Kadar ima ženska pet
odraslih hčera, se bi morala
odreči premišljevanju o svoji
lastni lepoti.«
»It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« »Mora biti dobra,« je odvrnil,/.../« Alternative translation: »Moralo bi biti dobro,« je
odvrnil.
»/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.«
»/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi bilo treba pogovor tako prirediti, da bi se jim bilo treba truditi s kar najmanj govorjenja.« Alternative translation: »/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi se
moral pogovor tako prirediti, da
bi se jim bilo treba truditi s kar
najmanj govorjenja.«
»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../«
»Dovolite pa mi pripomniti, da vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela sramote in da trdno upam, da bom tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat doživel, posebno potem, ko pride do nekega zaželenega dogodka, moja draga gospodična Eliza./.../« Alternative translation: »Dovolite pa mi pripomniti, da
vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela
sramote in moram upati, da bom
tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat
doživel, posebno potem, ko pride
do nekega zaželenega dogodka,
moja draga gospodična
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
pre
serv
ed
36
Eliza./.../«
/.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go downstairs herself.
/.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj primerno kakor prijetno, da tudi sama odide dol./.../ Alternative translation: /.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj
primerno kakor prijetno, da bi
morala tudi sama oditi dol./.../
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
pre
serv
ed
»And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he owes his preferment.«
»/.../In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da se vljudno in spravljivo vede do vseh, posebno pa do tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji položaj./.../« Alternative translation: In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da
bi se moral vljudno in spravljivo
vesti do vseh, posebno pa do
tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji
položaj./.../«
SEDUCTION by Amanda Quick
English example of a modal or semi-
modal used in a sentence Slovene translation
You must admit you've rushed things a trifle.
Priznati morate, da se vam je malce mudilo.
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
But first I must seek other things. Vendar moram prej poiskati druge reči.
Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it.
Svoje življenje imate in temu se morate posvetiti.
You have already made your choice and now you must take your chances.
Odločili ste se in zdaj morate tvegati.
I must insist upon it. Moram jo zahtevati. You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a courtship.
Strinjati se morate, da nisem bila deležna ničesar, kar bi bilo vsaj oddaleč podobno dvorjenju.
I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. Bojim se, da moram vztrajati, Sophy.
I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy.
Bojim se, da se bova morala oba navaditi živeti z njo, Sophy.
Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity.
Prav tako, kakor se bova morala navaditi na mojo izredno radovednost.
If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the topic amusing.
Če spet govorite o zapeljevanju, Julian, vam moram povedati, da se mi ta dejavnost ne zdi zabavna.
37
But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister endured.
Vendar morate vedeti, da je neznanska razlika med tem, kar se dogaja med možem in ženo, in takšnim neprijetnim zapeljevanjem, kakor ga je pretrpela vaša sestra.
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy.
Prej ali slej se morate navaditi name, Sophy.
I must go upstairs. Gor moram. I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of your oath.
Spet vam moram reči, da mislim, da prelamljate duha, če že ne črke prisege.
I must insist on our agreement. Vztrajati moram pri najinem dogovoru.
She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal.
Izmisliti si mora kaj, da bo mislil, da je dosegel svoj cilj.
Please, Julian, I must dress. Prosim, Julian, obleči se moram. We must talk. Pogovoriti se morava. But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you.
Vendar mi morate verjeti, da vam nikakor nisem hotel narediti nič hudega.
We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is.
Morava, sicer se vam bo zdelo vse še hujše, kakor je že.
But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again.
Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje morala spet ljubiti.
You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.
Priznati morate, da ste imeli v mislih samo to, ko ste se poročili z mano.
I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but apparently the lesson must be made plain.
Mislil sem, da ste dovolj inteligentni, da boste to že takoj na začetku ugotovili, toda očitno vas moram o tem jasno poučiti.
She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.
Ni smel dovoliti, da bi dobila vtis, da lahko dela z njih, kar hoče.
You must learn the fine art of your new career.
Naučiti se morate umetnij svojega novega poklica.
But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men did not handle surprises well.
Vendar ni smela pozabiti, da je nocoj presenetila Juliana in da moški slabo prenašajo presenečenja.
We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't you agree?
Opreti se morava na zdravo pamet in se navaditi, da bova znosno živela skupaj, ali ne ?
We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same hay bale.
Bivati morava v istem hlevu, piti iz istega korita, jesti od iste bale sena.
That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy.
Tudi tega se morate naučiti o družbi, Sophy.
38
You must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary, Anne.
Ne smete nas držati v negotovosti dlje, kot je neizogibno potrebno, Anne.
Mo
da
lity
is
pre
serv
ed
One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.
Človeka kar utrudi, ko se skuša prebiti skozi tiste dokaj čudne Blakove pesmi, in reči moram, da je včasih težko ločiti med Coleridgeovimi literarnimi in opijskimi vizijami.
If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it himself.
Če naj se zadeva sploh reši, jo bo moral rešiti sam, je sklenil Julian.
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious.
Vedela je, da morala biti izredno previdna.
Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my admirers.
Lord Ravenwood se dobro zaveda, da mu ne bo treba izgubljati časa, da podil od mene oboževalce.
I was merely recalling a small business matter I had to attend to last week.
Premišljeval sem le o neki poslovni zadevi, ki sem jo moral
opraviti minuli teden. She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take.
Sophy se mora navaditi, da ne bo prenašal izmikanj, polovičnih resnic ali milijarde drugih oblik, v katere se dajo zaviti ženske laži.
She had to sit down. Morala je sesti. She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot.
Spati bo morala vsaj na delčku širokega, vlažnega madeža.
A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding.
Moški bi moral dobesedno napasti žensko, da bi povzročil tolikšno krvavenje.
He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage.
Zelo hudo bi jo moral raniti, da bi jo tako zelo poškodoval.
He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently had found him last night.
Moral jo je nekako prepričati, da ni takšna pošast, kakršna se ji je očitno zdel sinoči.
His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax.
Za hip jo je močneje zgrabil in prisiliti se je moral, da je popustil prijem.
He had to know just how much of a devil he had been.
Moral je vedeti, kolikšen vrag je bil.
But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again.
Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje vendarle morala spet ljubiti.
It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honorable way out and he had to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more difficult for her.
Pretresljivo jasno je bilo, da je bila častna rešitev samo ena, in sprejeti jo je moral, čeprav je vedel, da bo navsezadnje vse skupaj mnogo težje prav zanjo.
39
You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain necessities a woman needs.
Kdaj pa kdaj ga boste morali spomniti, da obstajajo določene reči, ki jih ženska nujno potrebuje.
Mo
da
lity
is
pre
serv
ed
Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had told herself.
Kakor bi ga morala včasih tudi spomniti, da ima ženo, si je rekla Sophy.
I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating nature.
Poskrbeti bom moral, da jih bom zamenjal s čim bolj poduhovljenim.
Should be back by half past four. Do pol petih bi morala biti doma.
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy to predict Sophy's comings and goings.
Vsekakor, seveda, Ravenwood, vendar bi vas moral opozoriti, da ni vedno lahko napovedovati, kaj bo počela Sophy.
By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else.
Po vsej pravici bi morala kakor vsi drugi z obema rokama zgrabiti Julianovo ponudbo.
That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she dusted off her hands and rose to her feet.
Za naslednja dva meseca bi
morala imeti dovolj, Bess,« je izjavila, ko si je otresla prah z dlani in vstala.
Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best clothes.
Ta trenutek bi morali biti v Chesleyjskem dvorcu, oblečeni v pražnja oblačila.
If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself, Miss Dorring.
Če so še druge govorice tako neumne kakor tale, bi vas moralo biti sram, gospodična Dorring.
A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into consideration.
Prav gotovo obžalovanja vredna pomanjkljivost in najbrž bi jo morali tudi upoštevati.
I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in London, my lord.
Mislim, da bi vam morala jasno povedati, da ne nameravam ostajati tukaj v Ravenwoodu ali na katerem vaših drugih posestev, ko bi bili vi v Londonu, moj lord.
Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behavior.
Dovoli, da ti povem, mladenka, vsi bi se morali od srca zahvaliti Bogu, da je Ravenwood voljan tako prizanesljivo prenašati tvoje čudno vedenje.
I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to take her off the shelf.
Misli, in to trdno verjamem, da bi
morala biti vsaka ženska, ki na tej stopnji svojega življenja še ni poročena, večno hvaležna moškemu, ki je bil toliko prijazen, da jo je snel iz pozabe.
You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl.
Ti, Sophy, bi morala biti grofu izredno hvaležna.
40
Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some privacy?
Se boste zdaj strinjali, da bi mi moralo biti kdaj dovoljeno nekaj zasebnosti?
Mo
dali
ty i
s p
rese
rved
You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.
Predvsem ne bi smeli ugibati o takšnih zadevah.
You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on offering for me.
O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.
I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols.
Povedati bi vam morala, da me je ded naučil ravnati s pištolami.
That should settle her stomach. To bi ji moralo pomiriti želodec. Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge.
Počasi se je dvignil, se oprl na blazine in čakal, da se mu povrne še preostanek spomina, ki bi
moral biti zelo zadovoljujoč. It should have been a pleasure for you last night.
Sinoči bi bili morali uživati.
The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life.
Naslednja dva dneva bi morala biti najbolj blažena v Sophyjinem življenju.
I should have brought along my sketchbook.
Prinesti bi bila morala svoj risalni blok.
Glastonbury and Plimpton should have seen to it that their wives never got their hands on a copy of the Memoirs.
Glastonbury in Plimpton bi morala poskrbeti, da njuni ženi sploh ne bi dobili v roke izvoda Memoarov.
Maybe he should do both, he told himself.
Mogoče bi moral narediti oboje, si je rekel.
She should be here any minute. Vsak hip bi morala priti. After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should consider herself very much in my debt.
Ko je lord Ashford tistega večera odšel, sem rekla svoji služabnici, da bi se morala lady Ashford imeti za mojo veliko dolžnico.
And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about how a man ought to go on.
In ženske, celo razumne ženske, imajo te preklicane romantične zamisli, kako bi moral moški ravnati v teh zadevah.
You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for me.
O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.
Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier.
Malce prepozno si je Sophy rekla, da bi bila morala v hipu vedeti, zakaj je malo prej vzdrgetala.
41
If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had
better learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge.
Če boste nagajali svojemu možu, gospa žena, se rajši kar navadite prestajati negotovost v pričakovanju, kako se vam bo maščeval.
Mo
da
lity
is
pre
serv
ed
Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I had better get on with the task.
Oprostite mi, Fanny. Mislim, da imate res prav. Moje delo je varovati Sophy in najbolje bo, da se te naloge pri priči lotim.
Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honor you would not… would not force yourself on me?
Vas moram že tako hitro spomniti, da ste mi dali častno besedo, da se mi ne boste...ne boste vsiljevali?
Mo
da
lity
is
pre
serv
ed
Please, my lord, this is so terribly embarrassing. Need we discuss it?
Prosim, moj lord, to je tako strašno nerodno. Se morava pogovarjati o tem?
But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with great skill and caution.
Toda zelišča so lahko za mater zelo nevarna in jih je treba uporabljati zelo vešče in previdno. Alternative translation: Toda zelišča so lahko za mater
zelo nevarna in se morajo
uporabljati zelo vešče in
previdno.
Mo
da
lity
is
no
t
ad
equ
ate
ly p
rese
rved
Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt something should be done about it.
Gospodična Wollstonecraft je imela globok vpogled v položaj žensk in zdelo se ji je, da je treba nekaj narediti glede tega. Alternative translation: Gospodična Wollstonecraft je
imela globok vpogled v položaj
žensk in zdelo se ji je, da bi se
moralo nekaj narediti glede tega.
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
ad
equ
ate
ly p
rese
rved
But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he should take to achieve that goal.
Toda čeprav je natanko vedel, kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil tako zelo prepričan o tem, kakšno pot naj ubere, da bi ta cilj dosegel. Alternative translation: Toda čeprav je natanko vedel,
kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil
tako zelo prepričan kakšnih
ukrepov bi se bil moral poslužiti,
da bi ta cilj dosegel.
Because you should know you would not be able to get away with it.
Kajti vedeti morate, da je s tem ne bi odnesli.
42
Alternative translation: Kajti vedeti bi morali, da je s tem
ne bi odnesli.
I must be allowed to buy and read whatever books and tracts I wish.
Smela bom kupovati in brati knjige in razprave, katerekoli bom hotela. Alternative translation: Dovoliti se mi mora, da kupujem
in berem katerekoli knjige in
razprave bom hotela. Mo
da
lity
is
no
t
pre
serv
ed
She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had made the decision to leave Eslington Park.
Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka, je vedela, da ne bo ušla temu srečanju. Alternative translation: Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da
bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka,
je vedela, da bo morala prenesti
to srečanje.
Mo
da
lity
is
no
t
pre
serv
ed
I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it.
Verjemite, da sem veliko tvegala, da sem ga dobila. Alternative translation: Verjemite, da sem morala veliko
tvegati, da sem ga dobila.
Mo
da
lity
is
no
t p
rese
rved
Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest of Society.
Nocoj bosta imela za to prvič priložnost, kakor tudi vsi drugi iz družbe. Alternative translation: Nocoj bo prva priložnost ko bosta
morala, skupaj z vso ostalo
družbo, tako ukrepati.
Should be interesting. Najbrž bo zanimivo. Alternative translation: Moralo bi biti zanimivo.
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
pre
serv
ed That should prove interesting, if
nothing else. Če nič drugega, bo to vsaj zanimivo. Alternative translation: Če nič drugega, bi se to moralo
izkazati vsaj kot zanimivo.
I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should know I have very little experience with Society.
Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole, Julian, vendar vi najbolje veste, da imam z družbo zelo malo izkušenj. Alternative translation: Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole,
Julian, vendar bi vi morali od
vseh najbolje vedeti, da imam z
družbo zelo malo izkušenj.
43
»And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely.
»In tako je tudi prav,« je divje rekla Sophy. Alternative translation: »In tako bi tudi morala biti,« je
divje rekla Sophy.
Mo
dali
ty i
s n
ot
pre
serv
ed I thought ye'd finally left it in the past
where it ought to be. Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v preteklosti, kamor spada. Alternative translation: Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v
preteklosti, kjer bi tudi morala
biti.
»Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said.
»Mogoče bi šla bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil Ravenwood. Alternative translation: »Mogoče bi se morala lotiti tega
bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil
Ravenwood.
He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.
Vsekakor bo znal obvladati tudi svojo ženo. Alternative translation: Vsekakor bi moral biti zmožen
obvladati svojo ženo.
3.5 Analysis of the researched material
Pride and Prejudice –
While examining the
of modals and semi-modals in English, I have reached the
the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not
preserved in 4 examples and the modality was not
examples out of 62 examples in total.
following 'pie' diagram.
Diagram 1: The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«.
According to individual modals and semi
conclusion is as follows:
Diagram 2: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and
Prejudice«.
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
Nu
mb
er
of
ex
am
ple
s
44
of the researched material
– English vs. Prevzetnost in Pristranost – Slovene
the adequacy of Slovene translations according to the fu
modals in English, I have reached the following
the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not
preserved in 4 examples and the modality was not adequately
examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the
following 'pie' diagram.
The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«.
According to individual modals and semi-modals expressing
is as follows:
The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
MUST HAVE TOHAD
BETTERSHOULD
Modality is preserved 36 1 3 8
Modality is not preserved 2 0 0 2
Modality is not adequatly
preserved1 0 0 4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Slovene
of Slovene translations according to the function
following conclusion:
the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not
adequately preserved in 8
The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the
expressing obligation the
The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
SHOULDOUGHT
TO
2
0
3
Seduction – English vs. Zapeljevanje
While examining the
of modals and semi-modals in English, I have reached the
the function of modality was preserved in 79
preserved in 11 examples and the modality was not
examples out of 94 examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the
following 'pie' diagram.
Diagram 3: The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«.
According to individual modals and semi
conclusion is as follows:
Diagram 4: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
Nu
mb
er
of
ex
am
ple
s
45
English vs. Zapeljevanje – Slovene
the adequacy of Slovene translations according to the function
modals in English, I have reached the following
of modality was preserved in 79 examples, the modality was not
preserved in 11 examples and the modality was not adequately
examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the
following 'pie' diagram.
The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«.
According to individual modals and semi-modals expressing
is as follows:
The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
MUSTHAVE
TO
HAD
BETTERSHOULD
OUGHT
Modality is preserved 31 17 2 24
Modality is not preserved 2 2 0 4
Modality is not adequatly
preserved1 0 0 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
according to the function
following conclusion:
examples, the modality was not
adequately preserved in 4
examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the
expressing obligation the
The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.
Modality is preserved
Modality is not preserved
Modality is not adequatly
preserved
OUGHT
TONEED
3 2
3 0
0 0
46
»Pride and Prejudice« vs. »Seduction«
On the basis of selected research pattern, I have found out that the occurrence of
the modals and semi-modals in both novels is as follows: in »Pride and Prejudice«
62 examples and in »Seduction« 92 examples of modals and semi-modals
expressing obligation. The detailed analysis of the frequency in which the each
individual modal or semi-modal occurs in both novels is seen in the table below.
Diagram 5: The frequency of modals in both novels.
Diagram 6: The relation between dynamic and deontic necessity within and between both novels.
The proportion between deontic and dynamic necessity in »Pride and Prejudice«
is balanced. More examples of dynamic necessity in »Seduction« mean only that
there are more examples of the modal have to, which can be only dynamic. The
unexpected result is, moreover, the fact that we have more examples of modality
expressing obligation in »Seduction« than in »Pride and Prejudice«. Maybe this is
the case, because Amanda Quick is not writing in her own time and therefore does
not use the language as natural as that is the case with Austen.
MUST HAVE TOHAD
BETTERSHOULD OUGHT TO
Pride and Prejudice 39 1 3 14 5
Seduction 34 19 2 31 6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Nu
mb
er
of
ex
am
ple
s
Dynamic necessity Deonotic necessity
Pride and Prejudice 32 30
Seduction 53 39
0
20
40
60
Nu
mb
er
of
ex
am
ple
s
47
»Prevzetnost in Pristranost« vs. »Zapeljevanje«
While examining the adequacy of Slovene translations, my concern was also what
is the difference between both Slovene translations. The deviation between both
Slovene translations is shown in the table below.
Diagram 7: The comparison of both Slovene translations.
From the above table we can see that in both novels the percentage of preserved
modality is approximately the same, the »Seduction« is leading only for few
percent. Furthermore we come across an interesting cognition that there are more
examples of not adequately preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice« as in
»Seduction« and in the case of not preserved modality the situation is vice versa.
The most problematic modals were should and ought to, where the percentage of
examples with preserved modality was the lowest. The problem is most
commonly the fact that the translations are the same as for must or have to and the
modality is therefore not adequately preserved. The other factor is that, the
modality is not preserved at all, probably because the adequate translation is
stylistically not as appropriate as the one which does not preserve the modality.
From the diagram 2 we can see that the problem with »Pride and Prejudice« was
especially with the adequacy of translation while in »Seduction« we deal with
complete lack of modality, namely, modality was not preserved at all.
Modality is
preserved
Modality is not
preserved
Modality is not
adequatly
preserved
Pride and Prejudice 80,60% 6,50% 12,90%
Seduction 83,70% 12% 4,30%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
90,00%
48
3.6 Conclusion
The conclusion of this research is definitely surprising in some extent. Firstly, the
number of examples in which the modality was preserved is in both novels
extremely high. But on the other hand, if we would compare, if the modality is
preserved in the sense of ''subject oriented necessity'', the case would be somehow
different. The important point to remember is that the modality was preserved in
the sense of ''strong'' and ''mild obligation'', but the numbers would be different if
the analysis would comprehend also the English classification of the modal
system. The latter would be difficult to obtain, since we cannot respectively apply
English classification on the Slovene modals of obligation. The matter of a fact is
that the Slovene modal system does not classify modals of obligation into
subcategories, since it has only two: moram and bi moral. Therefore such an
analysis would be pointless since we do not have anything to compare. From this
point of view, we can say that according to the classification of ''mild'' and
''strong'' obligation, the adequacy of translation was very good, but if an actual
meaning would be concerned, in the levels of modality, we cannot be sure if
modality would be preserved in the sense of meaning or not, because such
classification in the Slovene language is not available.
Finally, the surprising fact was also that the degree of modality used by Quick is
higher than that used by Austen. We can make, already mentioned conclusion that
Quick does not use the language so naturally because she is not writing in her own
time. Any other general conclusion, about the usage of modality, is hard to make
since I did not examine the usage of all models. The actual degree of modality
used in both novels could be defined only on the basis of complete survey. It is
possible that Austen uses more is to for futurity, since this is the distinctive semi-
modal of her language. But as I said, the generalization and any other premature
assumptions are not appropriate since the results, in this case, can always be a
surprise.
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Acquired on 5th of February, from
http://www.virtualimprint.com
Austen, J. (prevedla Majda Stanovnik) (2008). Prevzetnost in pristranost.
Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba.
Palmer, F. R. (1990). Modality and the English Modals (2nd edition). New York:
Longman Inc.
Palmer, F. R. (1987). The English Verb (2nd edition). New York: Longman Inc.
Quick, A. Seduction. Acquired on 5th of February, from
http://www.processtext.com/abclit.html
Quick, A. (prevedla Breda Lipovšek) (2003). Zapeljevanje. Ljubljana: Mladinska
knjiga.
50
SUPPLEMENTS
1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AK – Andreja Koban
P – Palmer
PP – Pride and prejudice
S – Seduction
2. Modal and semi – modal verbs of obligation and their Slovene translations in
the novels »Pride and prejudice« by Jane Austen and »Seduction« by
Amanda Quick
»Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen
MUST
»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a
young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../« (Chapter 1, page 5)
»No, dragi moj, zvedeti morate: gospa Long pravi, da je Netherfield vzel v najem
zelo premožen mlad mož iz severne Anglije;/.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 5)
»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore
you must visit him as soon as he comes.« (Chapter 1, page 6)
»/.../Prav verjetno pa je, da se utegne zaljubiti v katero izmed njih, in zato ga
morate obiskati, brž ko pride.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)
»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the
Neighbourhood.« (Chapter 1, page 6)
»Ampak dragi moj, res morate iti obiskat gospoda Bingleya, ko pride v
soseščino.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)
»/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be imposible for us to visit him if you do not.«
(Chapter 1, page 7)
»/.../Res morate iti, saj ga tudi me ne bomo mogle obiskati, če ga vi ne boste.«
(Poglavje 1, stran 6)
51
»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.« (Chapter 1, page 7)
»/.../vendar pa moram vplesti dobro besedico za mojo malo Lizzy.« (Poglavje 1,
stran 7)
»/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«
(Chapter 2, page 9)
»/.../navsezadnje morajo gospa Long in njeni nečakinji le poskusiti srečo;/.../«
(Poglavje 2, stran 9)
»Very well, if it must be so, it must.« (Chapter 6, page 28)
»No, prav; če mora biti, pa naj bo!« (Poglavje 6, stran 27)
»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very
desirable partner./.../« (Chapter 6, page 29)
»/.../Gospod Darcy, morate mi dovoliti, da vam predstavim tole mlado damo kot
zelo zaželeno plesalko./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 29)
»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.« (Chapter 7,
page 33)
»Če so moji otroci neumni, moram upati, da se bom tega zmerom zavedal.«
(Poglavje 7, stran 33)
»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so
far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.«
(Chapter 7, page 33)
»/.../Upal sem, da se najina mnenja ujemajo v vseh posameznostih, toda moram se
toliko raziti z vami, da imam najini najmlajši hčeri za izredno neumni.« (Poglavje
7, stran 33)
»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their
father and mother./.../« (Chapter 7, page 33)
»Moj dragi gospod Bennet, ne smete pričakovati, da bi taki deklici premogli
razsodnost svojega očeta in matere./.../« (Poglavje 7, stran 33)
52
»/.../and then you must stay all night.« (Chapter 7, page 35)
»/.../potem pa boš morala ostati čez noč.« (Poglavje 7, stran 34)
/.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be
supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get
the better of it;/.../« (Chapter 7, page 38)
/.../Prišel je apotekar, in potem ko je pregledal bolnico, je rekel – da se je hudo
prehladila in da si morajo prizadevati, da bo bolezen premagala;/.../« (Poglavje 7,
stran 38)
When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly
said so./.../ (Chapter 7, page 38)
Ko je ura udarila tri, se je Elizabeth zdelo, da mora iti, in je prav nerada to tudi
povedala./.../ (Poglavje 7, stran 38)
»/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a
cold?/.../« (Chapter 8, page 40)
»/.../Čemu neki je njej treba tekati po deželi, ker je njena sestra prehlajena?/.../«
(Poglavje 8, stran 39)
»/.../A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing,
dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word;/.../« (Chapter 8, page 44)
»/.../Ženska se mora dobro spoznati na glasbo, petje, risanje, ples in moderne
jezike, da zasluži to oznako;/.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)
»/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and
manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word
will be but half-deserved.« (Chapter 8, page 44)
»/.../poleg vsega tega pa mora imeti še nekaj posebnega v svoji zunanjosti in
vedenju in hoji, v barvi glasu, v nastopu in v izrazu, sicer si to oznako le na pol
zasluži.« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)
»All this she must possess./.../« (Chapter 8, page 44)
53
»Vse to mora imeti./.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)
»/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the
improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« (Chapter 8, page 44)
»/.../a vsemu temu mora dodati še nekaj bolj oprijemljivega, izpopolnjevati si
mora duha z obilnim branjem.« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)
»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../« (Chapter 9, page 46)
»/.../Gospod Jones pravi, da ne smemo niti misliti na selitev./.../« (Poglavje 9,
stran 46)
»/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« (Chapter 9, page 46)
»/.../Še nekaj časa moramo izrabljati vašo ljubeznivost.« (Poglavje 9, stran 46)
»/.../It must not be thought of./.../« (Chapter 9, page 47)
»/.../Še pomisliti ne smete na to!/.../« (Poglavje 9, stran 46)
»/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in
the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.« (Chapter 9,
page 49)
»/.../Hotel je reči samo to, da na podeželju človek ne srečuje tako raznovrstnih
ljudi kakor v mestu, in priznati morate, da to drži.« (Poglavje 9, stran 48)
»/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../« (chapter 9, page 49)
»/.../ampak priznati morate, da je zelo grda./.../« (Poglavje 9, stran 49)
»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter
could do justice to those beautiful eyes?« (Chapter 10, page 58)
»/.../Kar pa zadeva sliko vaše Elizabeth, ne smete tvegati, da bi jo dali narediti,
kajti kateri slikar bi mogel biti pravičen tistim lepim očem?« (Poglavje 10, stran
58)
»/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« (Chapter 13,
page 69)
54
»/.../Lydia, ljubezen moja, pozvoni – še ta hip moram govoriti s Hillovo.«
(Poglavje 13, stran 67)
»/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../« (Chapter 13,
Page 73)
»/.../Priznati morate, da je ta zadeva za moja uboga dekleta res bridka./.../«
(Poglavje 13, stran 71)
»/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« (Chapter 16, page 87)
»/.../Če se on hoče izogniti srečevanju z mano, mora sam iti./.../« (Poglavje 16,
stran 85)
»/.../I must have employment and society./.../« (Chapter 16, page 88)
»/.../Zaposlitev in družbo moram imeti./.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 86)
»/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« (Chapter 16, page 90)
»/.../kajti temu moram reči nepoštenost.« (Poglavje 16, stran 89)
»/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of
these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings
any object./.../« (Chapter 16, page 92)
»/.../da morajo ljudje, ki se usedejo h kvartanju, to pač tvegati – in na srečo nisem
v takem položaju, da bi mi pet šilingov bilo preveč./.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 91)
»One must speak a little, you know./.../« (Chapter 18, page 101)
»Človek mora malo govoriti, veste./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 100)
»I must not decide on my own performance.« (Chapter 18, page 102)
»O svojem ravnanju ne smem sama soditi.« (Poglavje 18, stran 100)
»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I
must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable
event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../« (Chapter 18, page 102)
»Dovolite pa ki pripomniti, da vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela sramote in da trdno
55
upam, da bom tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat doživel, posebno potem, ko pride
do nekega zaželenega dogodka, moja draga gospodična Eliza./.../« (Poglavje 18,
stran 101)
»/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../«
(Chapter 18, page 106)
»/.../moraš pa mi oprostiti, da me samo zatrjevanje ne prepriča./.../« (Poglavje 18,
stran 105)
»/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this
occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«
(Chapter 18, page 108)
»/.../Zato mi morate dovoliti, da v tem primeru storim, kar mi veleva vest, ta pa mi
narekuje, da opravim, kar si štejem v dolžnost./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 107)
»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be
beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../« (Chapter 18, page 111)
»/.../Predvsem mora doseči takšen dogovor glede dajatev, da bo koristen zanj in
ne spotikljiv za njegovega zaščitnika./.../« (poglavje 18, stran 111)
»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../« (Chapter 18, page 111)
»/.../Pisati si mora pridige;/.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 111)
HAVE TO
The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a
manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after
everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were
wished away by some of the family./.../ (Chapter 18, page 113)
Longbournska skupina se je odpravljala zadnja med vsemi povabljenimi, in zaradi
manevra gospe Bennet je morala čakati na kočijo še četrt ure potem, ko so vsi
drugi že odšli, in to ji je omogočilo spoznati, kako srčno si nekateri člani družine
želijo, da bi se jim že spravila s poti./.../ (Poglavje 18, stran 112)
56
HAD BETTER
»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she
feels./.../« (Chapter 6, page 25)
»/.../Ženska naj bi v devetih primerih od desetih rajši kazala več naklonjenosti,
kakor je občuti./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 24)
»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to
rain;/.../« (Chapter 7, page 35)
»Ne, ljuba moja, rajši pojezdi, kajti vse kaže, da bo deževalo;/.../« (Poglavje 7,
stran 34)
»/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../« (Chapter 10, page 54)
»/.../Bingley, rajši ostani še do konca prihodnjega tedna./.../« (Poglavje 10, stran
54)
SHOULD
That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was
absolutely necessary/.../ (Chapter 5, page 20)
Da so se gospodične Lucasove morale sniti in premleti ples z gospodičnami
Bennetovimi, je bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 20)
The boy protested that she should not/.../ (Chapter 5, page 23)
Fant je ugovarjal, da mu je ne bi smela;/.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 23)
»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can
command his attention.« (Chapter 6, page 25)
»/.../Jane bi zatorej morala čim bolje izkoristiti vsake pol urice, ko lahko priklene
njegovo pozornost./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 25)
»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my
own, however.« (Chapter 7, page 33)
»/.../Če bi se meni zahotelo v nič devati čigar si bodi otroke, vsaj ne bi smeli biti
moji!« (Poglavje 7, stran 33)
57
»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse
of feeling should be guided by reason/.../« (Chapter 7, page 36)
»Občudujem te, kako dejavna si v svoji dobrohotnosti,« je pripomnila Mary,
»toda vsak čustven nagib bi moral voditi razumnost;/.../« (Poglavje 7, stran 36)
»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is
required.« (Chapter 7, page 36)
»/.../in po mojem mnenju bi moral biti trud vedno sorazmeren temu, kar želimo
doseči.« (Poglavje 7, stran 36)
/.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go
downstairs herself. (Chapter 8, page 41)
/.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj primerno kakor prijetno, da tudi sama odide dol./.../
(Poglavje 8, stran 41)
The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the
result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on
his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield. (Chapter 9, page 50)
/.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je trajal obisk, šepetali druga z drugo in iz vsega
tega se je izcimilo, da mora najmlajša prijeti gospoda Bingleya za besedo, ker je
ob prihodu obljubil prirediti ples v Netherfieldu. (Poglavje 9, stran 50)
»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in
possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were
speaking of just now.« (Chapter 16, page 88)
»/.../vzgojen sem bil za cerkev in zdaj bi že moral imeti nadvse donosno
prebendo, ko bi le bilo všel gospodu, o katerem sva pravkar govorila.« (Poglavje
16, stran 86)
»If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be
dishonest,/.../« (Chapter 16, page 90)
»/.../Če ga že ni vodil kak boljši nagib, bi moral biti vsaj preponosen, da bi bil
nepošten/.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 89)
58
»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather
believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her
authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses
that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first
class.« (Chapter 16, page 93)
»/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno pametna in preudarna; jaz pa bolj verjamem, da
del teh zmožnosti izvira iz njenega položaja in imetja, del iz njenega oblastnega
vedenja, ostanek pa iz prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si je vbil v glavo, da
morajo vsi njegovi sorodniki biti izredno bistrega duha.« (Poglavje 16, stran 92)
»What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?« (Chapter 18,
page 110)
»Kaj pa je meni gospod Darcy, prosim, da bi se ga morala bati?/.../« (Poglavje 18,
stran 109)
»And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and
conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he
owes his preferment.« (Chapter 18, page 111)
»/.../In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da se vljudno in spravljivo vede do vseh,
posebno pa do tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji položaj./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran
111)
/.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her
and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole
evening. (Chapter 18, page 112)
/.../da je njegov poglavitni namen prikupiti se ji z rahločutno udvorljivostjo, in da
mora torej vsekakor ves večer ostati pri njej./.../ (Poglavje 18, stran 112)
OUGHT TO
»/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking
of her own beauty.« (Chapter 1, page 6)
»/.../Kadar ima ženska pet odraslih hčera, se mora odreči premišljevanju o svoji
lastni lepoti.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)
59
/.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to
another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../ (Chapter 3, page
12)
/.../in zbala se je, da mogoče zmerom leta iz kraja v kraj in da se sploh ni zasidral
v netherfieldu, kakor naj bi se bil./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 12)
»It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« (Chapter 8, page 42)
»Mora biti dobra,« je odvrnil,/.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 42)
»/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the
size of the room, or the number of couples.« (Chapter 18, page 101)
»/.../jaz sem pokramljala o plesu,vi pa bi morali kaj pripomniti o velikosti sobe ali
o številu parov.« (Poglavje 18, stran 99)
»/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as
that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.« (Chapter 18, page
101)
»/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi bilo treba pogovor tako prirediti, da bi se jim bilo
treba truditi s kar najmanj govorjenja.« (poglavje 18, stran 100)
»Seduction« by Amanda Quick (Jayne Ann Krentz)
MUST
»You must admit you've rushed things a trifle./.../« (Chapter 1, page 3)
»Priznati morate, da se vam je malce mudilo./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)
Sophy's smile faded. »Perhaps. But first I must seek other things.« (Chapter 1,
page 10)
Sophy je zamrl nasmeh. »Mogoče. Vendar moram prej poiskati druge reči.«
(Poglavje 1, stran 12)
»/.../Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it./.../« (Chapter 1, page 11)
»/.../Svoje življenje imate in temu se morate posvetiti./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 13)
»That, of course, brings me to my third demand. I must be allowed to buy and
60
read whatever books and tracts I wish.« (Chapter 1, page 24)
»To me, seveda, pripelje do tretje zahteve. Smela bom kupovati in brati knjige in
razprave, katerekoli bom hotela.« (Poglavje 1, stran 24)
»/.../You have already made your choice and now you must take your
chances./.../« (Chapter 1, page 26)
»/.../Odločili ste se in zdaj morate tvegati./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 25)
»/.../I must insist upon it.« (Chapter 1, page 25)
»/.../Moram jo zahtevati.« (Poglavje 1, stran 26)
»/.../You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly
resembling a courtship.« (Chapter 2, page 30)
»/.../Strinjati se morate, da nisem bila deležna ničesar, kar bi bilo vsaj oddaleč
podobno dvorjenju.« (Poglavje 2, stran 29)
»You will speak of it to me. I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. I am your husband.«
(Chapter 2, page 44)
»Z mano boste govorili o tem. Bojim se, da moram vztrajati, Sophy. Vaš mož
sem.« (Poglavje 2, stran 41)
»Ah, yes, my excessive arrogance. I fear we must both learn to live with it,
Sophy./.../« (Chapter 2, page 44)
»Ah, da, moja izredna gospodovalnost. Bojim se, da se bova morala oba navaditi
živeti z njo, Sophy./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 41)
»/.../Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity.«/.../ (Chapter 2,
page 44)
»/.../Prav tako, kakor se bova morala navaditi na mojo izredno radovednost.«/.../
(Poglavje 2, stran 41)
/.../»But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with
great skill and caution.«/.../ (Chapter 2, page 46)
/.../»Toda zelišča so lahko za mater zelo nevarna in jih je treba uporabljati zelo
vešče in previdno.«/.../ (Poglavje 2, stran 42)
»If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the
61
topic amusing.« (Chapter 2, page 47)
»Če spet govorite o zapeljevanju, Julian, vam moram povedati, da se mi ta
dejavnost ne zdi zabavna.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)
»/.../But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on
between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister
endured.« (Chapter 2, page 47)
»/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da je neznanska razlika med tem, kar se dogaja med
možem in ženo, in takšnim neprijetnim zapeljevanjem, kakor ga je pretrpela vaša
sestra.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)
/.../»Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy.« (Chapter 2, page
48)
/.../»Prej ali slej se morate navaditi name, Sophy.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)
»I… Excuse me, my lord. I must go upstairs. Everything has come undone.« She
whirled and flew to the door. (Chapter 3, page 59)
»Jaz...Oprostite mi, moj lord. Gor moram. Vse se mi je razpletlo.« Zavrtela se je
in stekla skozi vrata. (Poglavje 3, stran 53)
»/.../I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of
your oath.« (Chapter 3, page 63)
»/.../Spet vam moram reči, da mislim, da prelamljate duha, če že ne črke prisege.«
(Poglavje 3, stran 57)
»I must insist on our agreement…« She tried to argue but she was so nervous now
she could not even stand./.../ (Chapter 3, page 68)
»Vztrajati moram pri najinem dogovoru...« Poskušala je ugovarjati, vendar je bila
sedaj že tako živčna, da niti stati ni več mogla./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 61)
/.../She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal. (Chapter 3,
page 72)
/.../Izmisliti si mora kaj, da bo mislil, da je dosegel svoj cilj. (Poglavje 3, stran 64)
62
»I told you, I am fine. Please, Julian, I must dress.« (Chapter 4, page 77)
»Rekla sem vam, dobro mi je. Prosim, Julian, obleči se moram.« (Poglavje 4,
stran 69)
/.../He caught her gently by the shoulders and looked down into her worried eyes.
»We must talk.« (Chapter 4, page 77)
/.../Nežno jo je ujel za ramena in ji pogledal v zaskrbljene oči. »Pogovoriti se
morava.« (Poglavje 4, stran 69)
»/.../But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you.« (Chapter 4, page 78)
»/.../Vendar mi morate verjeti, da vam nikakor nisem hotel narediti nič hudega.«
(Poglavje 4, stran 70)
»We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is.
Sophy, look at me.« (Chapter 4, page 78)
»Morava, sicer se vam bo zdelo vse še hujše, kakor je že. Sophy, poglejte me.«
(Poglavje 4, stran 70)
»/.../But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again./.../«
(Chapter 4, page 79)
»/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje morala spet ljubiti./.../«
(Poglavje 4, stran 71)
»/.../You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.« (Chapter
4, page 90)
»/.../Priznati morate, da ste imeli v mislih samo to, ko ste se poročili z mano.«
(Poglavje 4, stran 80)
»/.../I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but
apparently the lesson must be made plain.« (Chapter 4, page 91)
»/.../Mislil sem, da ste dovolj inteligentni, da boste to že takoj na začetku
ugotovili, toda očitno vas moram o tem jasno poučiti.« (Poglavje 4, stran 80)
/.../She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.
63
(Chapter 5, page 99)
/.../Ni smel dovoliti, da bi dobila vtis, da lahko dela z njih, kar hoče. (Poglavje 5,
stran 89)
/.../She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had
made the decision to leave Eslington Park./.../ (Chapter 5, page 105)
/.../Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka, je vedela,
da ne bo ušla temu srečanju./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 93)
»/.../You must learn the fine art of your new career.« (Chapter 5, page 107)
»/.../Naučiti se morate umetnij svojega novega poklica.« (Poglavje 5, stran 95)
/.../ But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men
did not handle surprises well./.../ (Chapter 5, page 109)
/.../Vendar ni smela pozabiti, da je nocoj presenetila Juliana in da moški slabo
prenašajo presenečenja./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 96)
»/.../We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't
you agree?« (Chapter 5, page 109)
»/.../Opreti se morava na zdravo pamet in se navaditi, da bova znosno živela
skupaj, ali ne ?« (Poglavje 5, stran 97)
»/.../We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same
hay bale.« (Chapter 5, page 109)
»/.../Bivati morava v istem hlevu, piti iz istega korita, jesti od iste bale sena.«
(Poglavje 5, stran 97)
»That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy./.../« (Chapter 5,
page 114)
»Tudi tega se morate naučiti o družbi, Sophy./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 101)
»/.../you must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary,
Anne./.../« (Chapter 6, page 116)
»/.../ne smete nas držati v negotovosti dlje, kot je neizogibno potrebno, Anne./.../«
64
(Poglavje 6, stran 104)
»One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems
of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference
between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.« (Chapter 6, page 117)
»Človeka kar utrudi, ko se skuša prebiti skozi tiste dokaj čudne Blakove pesmi, in
reči moram, da je včasih težko ločiti med Coleridgeovimi literarnimi in opijskimi
vizijami.« (Poglavje 6, stran 104)
HAVE TO
/.../If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it
himself. (Chapter 1, page 7)
/.../Če naj se zadeva sploh reši, jo bo moral rešiti sam, je sklenil Julian. (Poglavje
1, stran 10)
/.../ Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious. (Chapter 1, page
18)
/.../Vedela je, da morala biti izredno previdna. (Poglavje 1, stran 19)
»/.../Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my
admirers. There will not be any.« (Chapter 2, page 32)
»/.../Lord Ravenwood se dobro zaveda, da mu ne bo treba izgubljati časa, da podil
od mene oboževalce; ker jih namreč ne bo.« (Poglavje 2, stran 31)
»/.../I was merely recalling a small business matter I had to attend to last week.«
(Chapter 2, page 36)
»/.../Premišljeval sem le o neki poslovni zadevi, ki sem jo moral opraviti minuli
teden.« (Poglavje 2, stran 34)
/.../She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the
myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take. (Chapter 2, page 43)
/.../Sophy se mora navaditi, da ne bo prenašal izmikanj, polovičnih resnic ali
milijarde drugih oblik, v katere se dajo zaviti ženske laži. (Poglavje 2, stran 40)
65
/.../ She had to sit down./.../ (Chapter 3, page 63)
/.../Morala je sesti./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 57)
/.../ She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot. (Chapter
3, page 73)
/.../Spati bo morala vsaj na delčku širokega, vlažnega madeža. (Poglavje 3, stran
65)
A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding./.../
(Chapter 4, page 75)
Moški bi moral dobesedno napasti žensko, da bi povzročil tolikšno krvavenje./.../
(Poglavje 4, stran 68)
/.../ He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage.
(Chapter 4, page 75)
/.../Zelo hudo bi jo moral raniti, da bi jo tako zelo poškodoval. (Poglavje 4, stran
68)
/.../ He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently
had found him last night./.../ (Chapter 4, page 77)
/.../Moral jo je nekako prepričati, da ni takšna pošast, kakršna se ji je očitno zdel
sinoči./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 69)
His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax./.../
(Chapter 4, page 78)
Za hip jo je močneje zgrabil in prisiliti se je moral, da je popustil prijem./.../
(Poglavje 4, stran 70)
/.../He had to know just how much of a devil he had been./.../ (Chapter 4, page 79)
/.../Moral je vedeti, kolikšen vrag je bil./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 71)
/.../ But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again./.../
(Chapter 4, page 79)
/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje vendarle morala spet ljubiti./.../
66
(Poglavje 4, stran 71)
/.../It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honorable way out and he had
to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more
difficult for her. (Chapter 4, page 80)
/.../Pretresljivo jasno je bilo, da je bila častna rešitev samo ena, in sprejeti jo je
moral, čeprav je vedel, da bo navsezadnje vse skupaj mnogo težje prav zanjo.
(Poglavje 4, stran 72)
»/.../I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it./.../« (Chapter 6, page 114)
»/.../Verjemite, da sem veliko tvegala, da sem ga dobila./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran
102)
»/.../You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain
necessities a woman needs.« (Chapter 6, page 116)
»/.../Kdaj pa kdaj ga boste morali spomniti, da obstajajo določene reči, ki jih
ženska nujno potrebuje.« (Poglavje 6, stran 103)
Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had
told herself./.../ (Chapter 6, page 116)
Kakor bi ga morala včasih tudi spomniti, da ima ženo, si je rekla Sophy./.../
(Poglavje 6, stran 103)
/.../Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest
of Society. (Chapter 6, page 124)
/.../Nocoj bosta imela za to prvič priložnost, kakor tudi vsi drugi iz družbe.
(Poglavje 6, stran 111)
»I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating
nature./.../« (Chapter 6, page 130)
»Poskrbeti bom moral, da jih bom zamenjal s čim bolj poduhovljenim. (Poglavje
6, stran 115)
67
SHOULD
/.../»Should be back by half past four .« (Chapter 1, page 3)
/.../»Do pol petih bi morala biti doma.« (Poglavje 1, stran 7)
»Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy
to predict Sophy's comings and goings./.../« (Chapter 1, page 3)
»Vsekakor, seveda, Ravenwood, vendar bi vas moral opozoriti, da ni vedno lahko
napovedovati, kaj bo počela Sophy./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 7)
/.../ By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else./.../
(Chapter 1, page 5)
/.../Po vsej pravici bi morala kakor vsi drugi z obema rokama zgrabiti Julianovo
ponudbo./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 8)
»That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she
dusted off her hands and rose to her feet./.../ (Chapter 1, page 10)
»Za naslednja dva meseca bi morala imeti dovolj, Bess,« je izjavila, ko si je
otresla prah z dlani in vstala./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 12)
»/.../Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best
clothes.« (Chapter 1, page 12)
»/.../Ta trenutek bi morali biti v Chesleyjskem dvorcu, oblečeni v pražnja
oblačila.« (Poglavje 1, stran 13)
»If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself,
Miss Dorring.« (Chapter 1, page 21)
»Če so še druge govorice tako neumne kakor tale, bi vas moralo biti sram,
gospodična Dorring.« (Poglavje 1, stran 21)
»/.../A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into
consideration./.../« (Chapter 1, page 21)
»/.../Prav gotovo obžalovanja vredna pomanjkljivost in najbrž bi jo morali tudi
upoštevati./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 21)
68
/.../»I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind
here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in
London, my lord.« (Chapter 1, page 21)
/.../»Mislim, da bi vam morala jasno povedati, da ne nameravam ostajati tukaj v
Ravenwoodu ali na katerem vaših drugih posestev, ko bi bili vi v Londonu, moj
lord.« (Poglavje 1, stran 22)
»/.../Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful
Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behavior.« (Chapter 2,
page 29)
»/.../Dovoli, da ti povem, mladenka, vsi bi se morali od srca zahvaliti Bogu, da je
Ravenwood voljan tako prizanesljivo prenašati tvoje čudno vedenje.« (Poglavje 2,
stran 28)
»/.../I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point
in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to
take her off the shelf./.../« (Chapter 2, page 31)
»/.../Misli, in to trdno verjamem, da bi morala biti vsaka ženska, ki na tej stopnji
svojega življenja še ni poročena, večno hvaležna moškemu, ki je bil toliko
prijazen, da jo je snel iz pozabe./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 30)
»/.../You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl.« (Chapter 2, page 33)
»/.../Ti, Sophy, bi morala biti grofu izredno hvaležna.« (Poglavje 2, stran 31)
»Excellent. Because you should know you would not be able to get away with
it./.../« (Chapter 2, page 38)
»Odlično. Kajti vedeti morate, da je s tem ne bi odnesli./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 36)
/.../»Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some
privacy?« (Chapter 2, page 39)
/.../»Se boste zdaj strinjali, da bi mi moralo biti kdaj dovoljeno nekaj zasebnosti?«
(Poglavje 2, stran 36)
»You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.« (Chapter 2,
69
page 39)
»Predvsem ne bi smeli ugibati o takšnih zadevah.« (Poglavje 2, stran 37)
/.../»You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on
offering for me.« (Chapter 2, page 44)
/.../O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.« (Poglavje 2,
stran 39)
/.../»I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols. I am
accounted a fair shot.« (Chapter 2, page 48)
/.../»Povedati bi vam morala, da me je ded naučil ravnati s pištolami. Veljam za
dokaj dobro strelko.« (Poglavje 2, stran 45)
»/.../That should settle her stomach. If she is not any better by morning, be sure to
let me know.« (Chapter 3, page 61)
»/.../To bi ji moralo pomiriti želodec. Če ji do jutra ne bo zaleglo, mi zagotovo
povej.« (Poglavje 3, stran 55)
»/.../Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt
something should be done about it./.../« (Chapter 3, page 66)
»/.../Gospodična Wollstonecraft je imela globok vpogled v položaj žensk in zdelo
se ji je, da je treba nekaj narediti glede tega./.../« (Poglavje 3, stran 60)
Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what
should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge./.../ (Chapter 4, page 73)
Počasi se je dvignil, se oprl na blazine in čakal, da se mu povrne še preostanek
spomina, ki bi moral biti zelo zadovoljujoč./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 66)
»/.../It should have been a pleasure for you last night. I meant it to be pleasurable.
I don't know what happened./.../« (Chapter 4, page 78)
»/.../Sinoči bi bili morali uživati. Hotel sem, da bi bilo prijetno. Ne vem, kaj se je
zgodilo./.../« (Poglavje 4, stran 70)
The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life./.../ (Chapter
70
4, page 81)
Naslednja dva dneva bi morala biti najbolj blažena v Sophyjinem življenju./.../
(Poglavje 4, stran 73)
»/.../I should have brought along my sketchbook.« (Chapter 4, page 85)
»/.../Prinesti bi bila morala svoj risalni blok.« (Poglavje 4, stran 76)
/.../»Glastonbury and Plimpton should have seen to it that their wives never got
their hands on a copy of the Memoirs.« (Chapter 5, page 96)
/.../»Glastonbury in Plimpton bi morala poskrbeti, da njuni ženi sploh ne bi dobili
v roke izvoda Memoarov.« (Poglavje 5, stran 86)
»Should be interesting. Gossip has it Lord Eastwell got one of Charlotte's
blackmail notes today./.../« (Chapter 5, page 98)
»Najbrž bo zanimivo. Govorijo, da je lord Eastwell danes dobil Charlottino
izsiljevalsko sporočilce./.../« (Poglavje 5, stran 88)
But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he
should take to achieve that goal./.../ (Chapter 5, page 101)
Toda čeprav je natanko vedel, kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil tako zelo prepričan o
tem, kakšno pot naj ubere, da bi ta cilj dosegel./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 90)
/.../ Maybe he should do both, he told himself. (Chapter 5, page 104)
/.../Mogoče bi moral narediti oboje, si je rekel. (Poglavje 5, stran 92)
»That should prove interesting, if nothing else.« (Chapter 5, page 111)
»Če nič drugega, bo to vsaj zanimivo.« (Poglavje 5, stran 99)
/.../»I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should
know I have very little experience with Society.« (Chapter 5, page 113)
/.../»Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole, Julian, vendar vi najbolje veste, da imam z
družbo zelo malo izkušenj.« (Poglavje 5, stran 100)
»She should be here any minute.« (Chapter 5, page 113)
71
»Vsak hip bi morala priti.« (Poglavje 5, stran 100)
After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should
consider herself very much in my debt./.../ (Chapter 6, page 121)
Ko je lord Ashford tistega večera odšel, sem rekla svoji služabnici, da bi se
morala lady Ashford imeti za mojo veliko dolžnico./.../ (Poglavje 6, stran 108)
»And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely./.../ (Chapter 6, page 121)
»In tako je tudi prav,« je divje rekla Sophy./.../ (Poglavje 6, stran 108)
OUGHT TO
»/.../And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about
how a man ought to go on.« (Chapter 1, page 3)
»/.../In ženske, celo razumne ženske, imajo te preklicane romantične zamisli, kako
bi moral moški ravnati v teh zadevah.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)
»/.../I thought ye'd finally left it in the past where it ought to be.« (Chapter 1, page
10)
»/.../Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v preteklosti, kamor spada.« (Poglavje 1, stran
13)
Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little
frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier./.../ (Chapter 1,
page 15)
Malce prepozno si je Sophy rekla, da bi bila morala v hipu vedeti, zakaj je malo
prej vzdrgetala./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 16)
»Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said./.../ (Chapter 1,
page 19)
»Mogoče bi šla bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil Ravenwood./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 20)
»/.../You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for
me.« (Chapter 2, page 42)
»/.../O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.« (Poglavje 2,
72
strn 39)
»/.../He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.« (Chapter 5, page 99)
»/.../Vsekakor bo znal obvladati tudi svojo ženo.« (Poglavje 5, stran 88)
HAD BETTER
»If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better
learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge./.../« (Chapter 4,
page 91)
»Če boste nagajali svojemu možu, gospa žena, se rajši kar navadite prestajati
negotovost v pričakovanju, kako se vam bo maščeval./.../« (Poglavje 4, stran 81)
»Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I
had better get on with the task.« (Chapter 6, page 127)
»Oprostite mi, Fanny. Mislim, da imate res prav. Moje delo je varovati Sophy in
najbolje bo, da se te naloge pri priči lotim.« (Poglavje 6, stran 113)
NEED
/.../» Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honor you would
not… would not force yourself on me?« (Chapter 2, page 40)
/.../»Vas moram že tako hitro spomniti, da ste mi dali častno besedo, da se mi ne
boste...ne boste vsiljevali?« (Poglavje 2, stran 38)
»Please, my lord, this is so terribly embarrassing. Need we discuss it?« (Chapter
4, page 78)
»Prosim, moj lord, to je tako strašno nerodno. Se morava pogovarjati o tem?«
(Poglavje 4, stran 70)