UNHCR COUNTRY BRIEFING FOLDER ON SUDAN

UNHCR COUNTRY BRIEFING FOLDER ON SUDAN STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: refworld@unhcr.orgWebsite: http://www.refworld.orgE-mail: refworld@unhcr.org

Website: http://www.refworld.org

May 2009 May 2009

Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services

Table of Contents

CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................3 A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................4

A.1. General Information; Country Profile; Maps .................................................4 a. Country Profile ............................................................................................... 4 b. Language ........................................................................................................ 4 c. Maps ............................................................................................................... 5

A.2. Political and Security Situation ......................................................................6 A.3. Human Rights (in General).............................................................................8

B. LEGAL CONTEXT .....................................................................................................9 B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness ...................................9 B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems .............................................................10 B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties ..............................................................10 B.4. Internal Security; Police; Law Enforcement.................................................10

C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS ...............................................11 C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers .....................................................................11 C.2. Internally Displaced Persons ........................................................................12 C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities...........................................................13 C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children................................13 C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group ....................................................14 C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights..................................................................14 C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief ...................................................................15 C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression; Media Issues ......................................15 C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit ........................16 C.10. Armed Forces; Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion........17 C.11. Exclusion ......................................................................................................17

D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................18 D.1. Early Warning; Conflict Prevention .............................................................18 D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social Rights.................................18 D.3. Miscellaneous ...............................................................................................19 D.4. Suggested Websites and Further Reading ....................................................19

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CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS LATEST COUNTRY POSITIONS: - UNHCR’s Position on Sudanese Asylum-Seekers From Darfur, 10 February 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/43f5dea84.html LATEST COUNTRY OPERATIONS PLAN (COP): - UNHCR Country Operations Plan 2007 – Sudan, 1 September 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4524fcb82.html OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTS: - UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update – Sudan, November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4922d4130.pdf - UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update – Chad/Sudan Situation, November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4922d4123.pdf - UNHCR Global Report 2007 – Sudan, June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4848fd3e2.pdf - UNHCR Global Report 2007 – Chad/Sudan Situation, June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4848fc472.pdf ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS:

- Protracted Refugee Situations. High Commissioner’s Initiative, December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/496f041d2.html - Protracted Refugee Situations: Revisiting the Problem, 2 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486903142.html

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A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION A.1. General Information; Country Profile; Maps

a. Country Profile A.1.1. United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS), Information on Sudan

URL: http://www.unmis.org/english/sudan.htm A.1.2. United Nations Statistics Division, Country Profile: Sudan

URL: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Sudan A.1.3. UK Border Agency, Country of Origin Information Report – Sudan, 1 May

2009 URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/sudan-060509.doc A.1.4. US Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook – Sudan, last updated

on 23 April 2009 URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html A.1.5. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Country Report Sudan, April 2009

URL: http://store.eiu.com/country/SD.html A.1.6. BBC, Country Profile – Sudan, last updated 4 March 2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/820864.stm A.1.7. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Country Profile 2009 – Sudan, February

2009 URL: http://store.eiu.com/country/SD.html

A.1.8. US Department of State, Bureau of African Affairs, Background Note: Sudan,

January 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htm A.1.9. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, National Documentation Package –

Sudan, 31 October 2008 URL: http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/?id=838

A.1.10. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Sudan, last reviewed

6 November 2007 URL: http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/sudan A.1.11. Thompson Reuters Foundation AlertNet, Country Profile: Sudan URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/sudan.htm

b. Language A.1.12. Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Languages of Sudan URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=SD

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c. Maps

A.1.13. UN Cartographic Section, General Map – Sudan, April 2007 URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/sudan.pdf A.1.14. UN Cartographic Section, Map of UNMIS Deployment, January 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/unmis.pdf A.1.15. UN Cartographic Section, Map of UNAMID Deployment, January 2009

URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/unamid.pdf A.1.16. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Map of South

Darfur: Population Movements January-February 2009, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EA7153E65B0298AF8525756 F0061960A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.17. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Map of North

Darfur: Population Movements January-February 2009 (Updated figures, based on reports received 1 March 2009), 2 March 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/325C6DE67458483E8525756 F006106C2/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.18. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Map of Regions in

Sudan, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/8159F780E50CC3488525756 0005CC987/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.19. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Central Equatoria

State Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/423CBFBEFAF7EB7F8525756 00063D222/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.20. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Eastern Equatoria

State Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/64409F4EC8258E5085257560 006363D9/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.21. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Jonglei State Map,

23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ECBEB20B8FC1243185257560 005EE000/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.22. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Lakes State Map,

23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/3133E616B39F984F8525756 00062BF0E/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

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A.1.23. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Northern Bahr el Ghazal State Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/2FA022FEE6982C4D8525756 0005FE8FB/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.24. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Unity State Map,

23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/B77028F81E0FA3868525756 0005F1EB2/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.25. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Upper Nile State

Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/D2931054EB6833998525756 0005E8086/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.26. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Warrap State Map,

23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/B4F7C3448B2ACA738525756 0005DB1A0/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.27. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Western Bahr el

Ghazal State Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/A50A119B950A25F98525756 0005E2D09/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.28. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Western Equatoria

State Map, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EF5538DA93CF138B8525756 0005D3D20/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.29. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Counties of

Southern Sudan, 4 December 2008 URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/20E262E5910FC7D3C125751 D0039BC49/$File/ocha_REF_sdn081204.pdf?OpenElement

A.1.30. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Planned refugee returns in 2008 by

country of asylum and by return area, South Sudan and Blue Nile states, 17 June 2008

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/48a540b82.pdf A.1.31. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Presence, Refugee/IDP

Locations in Darfur, as of October 2007, 9 March 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4810526c2.pdf A.2. Political and Security Situation A.2.1. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1870 (2009) [on extension

of the mandate of the UN Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)], 30 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49fef6032.html

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A.2.2. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Sudan, S/2009/211, 17 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49f174c82.html

A.2.3. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the deployment of

the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, S/2009/201, 14 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49eed1082.html

A.2.4. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Southerners prefer

diplomatic route, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83297

A.2.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: The Conflict in

Darfur, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83298

A.2.6. International Crisis Group, The ICC Indictment of Bashir: A turning point

for Sudan?, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5959&l=1

A.2.7. Reuters/AlertNet, Darfur Conflict, last reviewed 17 March 2009

URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/SD_DAR.htm A.2.8. Enough Project, Peace on the Rocks: Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace

Agreement, 19 February 2009 URL: http://www.enoughproject.org/publications/peace-rocks-sudan’s-comprehensive-peace-agreement

A.2.9. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Tenth Periodic

Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan: Arbitrary Arrest and Detention Committed by National Security, Military and Police, 28 November 2008 URL: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/10thOHCHR28nov08.pdf

A.2.10. International Crisis Group (ICG), Conflict History: Sudan, last updated

September 2008 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?action=conflict_search&l=1&t=1&c_country =101

A.2.11. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1828 (2008) [on the

deployment of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur], 31 July 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4896d5582.html

A.2.12. International Crisis Group (ICG), Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement:

Beyond the Crisis, 13 March 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d923792.html

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A.3. Human Rights (in General) A.3.1. Amnesty International, Sudan death sentences rise to 82, 29 April 2009

URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/sudan-death-sentences-rise-82-2009 0429

A.3.2. UK Border Agency, Operational Guidance Note: Sudan, April 2009

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49e476982.html A.3.3. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Annual Report on Human Rights

2008 – Sudan, 26 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49ce361d1e.html

A.3.4. International Federation for Human Rights, The International Criminal Court

and Darfur: Questions and Answers, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Q_ADarfurENG_cleanFINAL.pdf

A.3.5. US Department of State, 2008 Human Rights Report: Sudan, 25 February

2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119026.htm

A.3.6. Human Rights Watch, “There is No Protection”: Insecurity and Human

Rights in Southern Sudan, 12 February 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/southsudan0209_web.pdf A.3.7. International Federation for Human Rights, Rhetoric vs. Reality: The Situation

in Darfur, 2 December 2008 URL: http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/RhetoricVsReality.Paper.pdf

A.3.8. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the

Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan, Sima Samar, A/HRC/9/13, 2 September 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48cf6da02.html

A.3.9. UN Human Rights Council, Report prepared by the Special Rapporteur on

the situation of human rights in the Sudan on the status of implementation of the recommendations compiled by the Group of Experts mandated by the Human Rights Council in resolution 4/8 to the Government of the Sudan for the implementation of Human Rights Council resolution 4/8 pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 6/34, A/HRC/9/13/Add.1, 2 September 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48d74cd92.html

A.3.10. US Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2007 –

Sudan, 11 March 2008 URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100506.htm

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A.3.11. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan, Sima Samar, A/HRC/7/22, 3 March 2008

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47df89002.html A.3.12. Amnesty International, Sudan – Amnesty International Report 2008: Human

Rights in Republic of Sudan URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/sudan/report-2008

A.3.13. Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Sudan

URL: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&country=7494&year=2008 A.3.14. UN Human Rights Council, First report on the situation of human rights in

Darfur / prepared by the Group of Experts mandated by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 4/8, presided by the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan and composed of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, the Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, its Causes and Consequences, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders, the Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons and the Special Rapporteur on the Question of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, A/HRC/6/19, 28 November 2007

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/475d1d352.html B. LEGAL CONTEXT B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness B.1.1. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Sudan: Passport issuance and

renewal procedures (2007), 28 February 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=

450949 B.1.2. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Sudan: Information on the

various identity documents in Sudan and the names of the agencies that issue them, 28 February 2007

URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec= 450950

B.1.3. Nationality Act, 2003, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e24992.html B.1.4. Passports and Immigration Act, 2003, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e20832.html

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B.1.5. Sudanese Nationality Act 1957 (last amended 1974), 1957 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b56718.html

B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems B.2.1. Republic of Sudan, Ministry of the Cabinet Affaires, Secretariat General, The

Judiciary, last updated 16 September 2008 URL: http://www.sudan.gov.sd/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Item id=68

B.2.2. Agreement Between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the National

Democratic Alliance (NDA) (“Cairo Agreement”), 18 June 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42bc09c74.html B.2.3. The Penal Code, 2003, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e1f0a2.html B.2.4. The Prison Act, 2003, 31 December 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e17092.html B.2.5. The Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2003, 31 December 2003

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e232e2.html

B.2.6. The High Judicial Council Act, 2003, 29 June 2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e276d2.html B.2.7. Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan, 1 July 1988

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4eb14.html B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties B.3.1. Republic of Sudan, Ministry of the Cabinet Affaires, Secretariat General,

System of Governance, last updated 16 September 2008 URL: http://www.sudan.gov.sd/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Item id=68

B.3.2. Sudan.net, Major Sudanese Political Parties

URL: http://www.sudan.net/government/parties.html B.3.3. Sudan Umma Party

URL: http://www.umma.org/English.html B.4. Internal Security; Police; Law Enforcement B.4.1. US Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 – Sudan,

30 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49fac6b928.html

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B.4.2. UN News Centre, Darfur: UN-African peacekeepers shot, as concern grows

over humanitarian aid, 10 March 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30142

B.4.3. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Getting the fighters

out of uniform, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83286

B.4.4. UN News Centre, Security situation calm in Darfur, UN-African Unit blue

helmets report, 3 March 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30076

B.4.5. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Eleventh periodic

report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in the Sudan: Killing and injuring of civilians on 25 August 2008 by government security forces: Kalma IDP camp, South Darfur, Sudan, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/11thOHCHR22jan09.pdf

B.4.6. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Tenth periodic report

of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in the Sudan: Arbitrary arrest and detention committed by national security, military and police, 28 November 2008 URL: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/10thOHCHR28nov08.pdf

B.4.7. Human Rights Watch, The Last Holdouts: Ending the Juvenile Death

Penalty in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Pakistan, and Yemen – Sudan and Pakistan: Legal Loopholes, 10 September 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/node/75159/section/4

B.4.8. Amnesty International, Militia Attacks West Darfur Towns, 8 February 2008

URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/militia-attacks-west-darfur-towns-20080208

B.4.9. Human Rights Watch, Sudan: New Clashes Jeopardize Civilians, 10 October

2007 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/10/10/sudan-new-clashes-jeopardize-civilians

B.4.10. The Police General Regulations, 2003, 31 December 2003

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e2fd42.html C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers C.1.1. UN News Centre, Number of Sudanese returnees from Uganda in 2009 tops

20,000 – UN, 23 April 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30578

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C.1.2. Refugees International, South Sudan: Urgent Action Needed To Avert

Collapse, 26 March 2009 URL: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/south-sudan-urgent-action-needed -avert-collapse

C.1.3. UN News Centre, Violence thwarts refugee return to Southern Sudan – UN,

24 March 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30272

C.1.4. UN News Centre, Returns to South Sudan top 300,000, reports UN refugee

agency, 10 February URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29837

C.1.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Western Equatoria

struggling with influx of refugees and IDPs, 20 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82464

C.1.6. US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, World Refugee Survey 2008 –

Sudan, 19 June 2008 URL: http://www.refugees.org/countryreports.aspx?id=2171 C.1.7. Regulation of Asylum Act, 1974, 21 May 1974

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b50710.html C.2. Internally Displaced Persons C.2.1. UN News Centre, North Darfur camp hosting over 15,000 people uprooted

by recent clashes – UN, 25 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30014

C.2.2. Amnesty International, Empty Promises on Darfur: International community

fails to deliver, 10 February 2009 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR54/001/2009/en

C.2.3. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Representative of the Secretary-

General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, Walter Kälin, A/HRC/10/13, 9 February 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49a55b102.html

C.2.4. UN News Centre, Tens of thousands displaced by South Darfur violence stranded without aid, warns UN, 6 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29805

C.2.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Plight of Darfur’s

displaced worse than ever, 21 October 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81028

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C.2.6. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Internal Displacement to Urban Areas: the Tufts-IDMC profiling study. Case 1: Khartoum, Sudan, August 2008 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/8869C6AAB6 C05A00C12574BA0029A841/$file/urban_displacement_khartoum_08.pdf

C.2.7. Human Rights Watch, Abandoning Abyei: Destruction and Displacement,

May 2008, 22 July 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan0708webwcover.pdf C.2.8. Amnesty International, Sudan: Displaced in Darfur – A Generation of Anger,

1 January 2008 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR54/001/2008/en C.2.9. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Sudan: Outlook for IDPs

Remains Bleak, 12 October 2007 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/CAAB42C055

39C9C2C1257372004E83D5/$file/Sudan_Overview_Oct07.pdf C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities C.3.1. Amnesty International, Sudanese Opposition Leader Arrested, 16 January

2009 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/sudanese-opposition-leader-arrested-20090116

C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children C.4.1. UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), UNICEF deeply concerned at impact on

children of recent fighting in Southern Sudan, 5 May 2009 URL: http://www.unicef.org/media/media_49570.html

C.4.2. UN News Centre, Empowering and protecting Darfur’s women focus of new

UN initiative, 29 April 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30637

C.4.3. UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), UNICEF applauds the launch of first Child

Act for Southern Sudan, 8 April 2009 URL: http://www.unicef.org/media/media_49248.html

C.4.4. UN General Assembly, Children and armed conflict : report of the

Secretary-General, A/63/785–S/2009/158, 26 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49f16dc42.html

C.4.5. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on children and

armed conflict in the Sudan, S/2009/84, 10 February 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49a2781d2.html

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C.4.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: It takes more than a law to stop the cut, 5 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82197

C.4.7. Women’s Refugee Commission, Too Little for Too Few: Meeting the Needs

of Youth in Darfur, December 2008 URL: http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/pdf/df_youth.pdf C.4.8. LandInfo, Female genital mutilation in Sudan and Somalia, 10 December

2008 URL: http://www.landinfo.no/asset/764/1/764_1.pdf C.4.9. Human Rights Watch, Five Years On: No Justice for Sexual Violence in

Darfur, 7 April 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/darfur0408webwcover.pdf C.4.10. Refugees International, Ending Sexual Violence in Darfur: an Advocacy

Agenda, November 2007 URL: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/sites/default/files/Darfur_Agenda.pdf C.4.11. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on children and

armed conflict in the Sudan, S/2007/520, 29 August 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46ea46bc2.html C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group C.5.1. Human Rights Watch, Sudan: Human Rights Activists Arrested,

26 November 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/26/sudan-human-rights-activists-arrested C.5.2. Amnesty International, Sudan: Leading Sudanese Human Rights Group

Targeted by Government, 6 October 2005 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR54/160/2005/en C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights C.6.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Fresh clashes in

Jonglei State "worrisome" – UN official, 21 April 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84032

C.6.2. Refugee Documentation Center, Ireland, Sudan: Any evidence of adverse

treatment by the authorities or other ethnic groups of members of the Berti tribe in Sudan? 20 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49f59bf2d.html

C.6.3. Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and

Indigenous Peoples: Sudan, updated July 2008 URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=4010

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C.6.4. Minority Rights Group International, Why a minority rights approach to

conflict? The case of Southern Sudan, 4 April 2008 URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/6253/briefing-papers/why-a-minority-rights-approach-to-conflict-the-case-of-southern-sudan.html

C.6.5. Minority Rights Group International, State of the World’s Minorities 2008 –

Sudan, 11 March 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48a7ead82d.html

C.6.6. Minority Rights Group International, State of the World’s Minorities 2007 –

Sudan: Darfur, 4 March 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48a9712a91.html

C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief C.7.1. US Department of State, International Religious Freedom Report 2008:

Sudan, 19 September 2008 URL: http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108393.htm C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression; Media Issues C.8.1. Article 19, Sudan: Article 19 Voices Serious Concerns on the Draft Press

Law, 14 April 2009 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-article-19-voices-serious-concerns-on-the-draft-press-law.pdf

C.8.2. Article 19, Note on Draft Press and Printed Press Materials Act of Sudan,

7 April 2009 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/note-on-draft-press-and-printed-press-materials-act -of-sudan.pdf

C.8.3. Article 19, Sudan: Respect for Human Rights Plummets Further,

27 February 2009 (revised and re-issued 5 March 2009) URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-respect-for-human-rights-plummets-further.pdf

C.8.4. Human Rights Watch, “It’s an Everyday Battle”: Censorship and

Harassment of Journalists and Human Rights Defenders in Sudan, 18 February 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudanfrexp0209web.pdf

C.8.5. Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 2008: Sudan,

10 February 2009 URL: http://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-sudan.php C.8.6. Article 19, Juba Declaration on the Deteriorating State of Freedom of

Expression and Media Freedom in Sudan, 2 December 2008 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-juba-declaration.pdf

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C.8.7. Article 19, Sudan: Urgent Action Required from Governments and

Stakeholders to Help Mitigate Repression of the Press and Human Rights Defenders, 26 November 2008

URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-urgent-action-required-from-governments-and-stakeholders-to-help-mitig.pdf

C.8.8. Article 19, Sudan: Journalists Attend Mass Protest in Defence of Freedom

of Expression and the Press, 14 November 2008 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-journalists-attend-mass-protest-in-defence-of-freedom-of-expression-an.pdf

C.8.9. Article 19, Sudan: Press Council Uses Restrictive Regulations to Suspend

Sudanese Newspapers, 4 September 2008 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-press-council-uses-restrictive-regulations-to-suspend-sudanese-newspap.pdf

C.8.10. Article 19, Comments on Draft Media and Access to Information Laws of

Sudan, 15 July 2007 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-media-law-recommendations.pdf C.8.11. Article 19, Sudan: Article 19 Recommends Changes to South Sudan Draft

Media Legislation, 4 July 2008 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/sudan-media-law-recommendations.pdf C.8.12. Article 19, Comment on the Draft Media Legislation, Southern Sudan,

4 July 2008 URL: http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/southern-sudan-media-laws-comment.pdf C.8.13. Freedom House, Freedom of the Press World 2008: Sudan, 29 April 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4871f63328.html C.8.14. Reporters Without Borders, Sudan – Annual report 2008, 7 February 2008 URL: http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=25406 C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit C.9.1. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Sudan: Documentation required

and procedures to be followed by a parent wishing to travel abroad with a minor child in the absence or without the consent of the other parent, 26 February 2007

URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec= 450951

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C.10. Armed Forces; Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion

C.10.1. UN News Centre, Women fighter first in line in Sudan’s UN-backed

demobilization programme, 12 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29879

C.10.2. Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global Report

2008: Sudan, 20 May 2008 URL: http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/content/sudan-0

C.10.3. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Sudan: Military service including

age of conscription, gender, length of service, recruitment practices and training, exemption conditions and alternative service options, penalties for refusing military service, and treatment of family members of those who refuse military service (2001 – 2007), 28 February 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec= 450952

C.10.4. Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) Act, 2003, 29 June 2003

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469e0bbd2.html C.11. Exclusion C.11.1. Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI), Involvement of the

Sudanese Popular Police Force in human rights violations and/or violations of IHL in Darfur, 14 April 2009

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49e601162.html C.11.2. Refugee Documentation Center, Ireland, Sudan: Whether the Zaghawa are

targeted by the Janjaweed, 3 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49e5a3240.html

C.11.3. Amnesty International, ICC Issues Arrest Warrant for Sudanese President

Al Bashir, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-sudanese-president-al-bashir-20090304

C.11.4. Human Rights Watch, ICC: Bashir Warrant is Warning to Abusive Leaders,

4 March 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/03/04/icc-bashir-warrant-warning-abusive-leaders C.11.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: The case against

Bashir, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83299

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C.11.6. Human Rights Watch, Sudan: Khartoum War Crimes Investigations Are Mere ‘Window Dressing’, 20 October 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/10/28/sudan-khartoum-war-crimes-investigations-are-mere-window-dressing

C.11.7. Human Rights Watch, Sudan: Hand Over War Crimes Suspects to ICC,

2 May 2007 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/05/02/sudan-hand-over-war-crimes-suspects-icc

C.11.8. Human Rights Watch, Lack of Conviction: The Special Criminal Court on

the Events in Darfur, June 2006 URL: http://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/ij/sudan0606/sudan0606.pdf

C.11.9. Amnesty International, Sudan Government’s Solution: Janjawid Unleashed

in Darfur, 24 November 2006 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR54/078/2006/en

C.11.10. Hu Rights Watch, Entrenching Impunity: Government Responsibility

for International Crimes in Darfur, 9 December 2005 man

URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/darfur1205webwcover.pdf D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION D.1. Early Warning; Conflict Prevention D.1.1. United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS), Comprehensive Peace Agreement URL: http://www.unmis.org/english/cpa.htm D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social Rights D.2.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: “Survival package"

for Southern children”, 24 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83605

D.2.2. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: “Hungry people are

desperate people”, 23 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83587

D.2.3. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: We will fill the aid

gaps, government insists, 10 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83398

D.2.4. UN News Centre, Darfur: UN working to reverse expulsions while planning

to fill vital aid gaps, 9 March 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30127

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D.2.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Aid agencies react to expulsions, 5 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83311

D.2.6. Amnesty International, Millions face starvation and disease as aid agencies

are expelled from Darfur, 5 March 2009 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/millions-face-starvation-disease-aid-agencies-expelled-from-darfur-20090305

D.2.7. Human Rights Watch, Sudan: Expelling Aid Agencies Harms Victims,

5 March 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/03/05/sudan-expelling-aid-agencies-harms-victims

D.2.8. UN News Centre, Sudan faces major recovery challenges despite recent

strides – UN official, 11 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29861 D.2.9. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: The land is fertile

yet food is scarce, 6 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82222

D.2.10. United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS), Third Sudan Consortium – May

2008 URL: http://www.unmis.org/english/consortium08.htm

D.3. Miscellaneous N/A D.4. Suggested Websites and Further Reading D.4.1. UNHCR Country Page – Sudan URL: http://www.unhcr.org/country/sdn.html D.4.2. UNHCR’s Refworld – Sudan

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country/SDN.html D.4.3. UNHCR’s Refworld, External Links – Sudan

URL: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=links&skip=0&refcoi=SDN

D.4.4. Darfur Consortium URL: http://www.darfurconsortium.org D.4.5. Human Rights Watch, Failing Darfur URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/features/darfur/index.html

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D.4.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Sudan: Latest News and Features URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SD

D.4.7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Sudan

URL: http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/sudan?OpenDocument D.4.8. International Crisis Group, Crisis in Darfur URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=3060&l=1 D.4.9. International Crisis Group, Peace and Justice URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5124&l=1 D.4.10. ReliefWeb, Sudan URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm&rc=1&cc=sdn D.4.11. Republic of Sudan, Ministry of the Cabinet Affairs, Secretariat General

URL: http://www.sudan.gov.sd/en D.4.12. Sudan.net URL: http://www.sudan.net D.4.13. Sudan News Agency (SUNA) URL: http://www.sunanews.net D.4.14. Sudan Tribune

URL: http://www.sudantribune.com D.4.15. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Sudan

URL: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan.html D.4.16. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Sudan

URL: http://www.sd.undp.org D.4.17. United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

URL: http://unamid.unmissions.org

D.4.18. United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) URL: http://www.unmis.org

D.4.19. United Nations News Centre, News Focus: Sudan

URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusRel.asp?infocusID=88 D.4.20. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Sudan

URL: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/SDIndex.aspx

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