UNFCCC Secretariat, Sustainable Development Mechanisms

Victoria NovikovaAssociate Programme Officer-Methodology Development and Improvement

Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid transport systems

Practitioner Workshop

Improvement of CDM methodologies for transportation

Bonn, Germany, March 2011

Outline

• Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation

under CDM

• AM0031: determination of baseline, project & leakage

emissions

• ACM0016: determination of baseline, project & leakage

emissions

• Applicability of AM0031 & ACM0016

• Methodology application

• Key challenges of CDM transport projects

Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation

AM0031

Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

AM0031 Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

AM0031: determination of baseline emissions

AM0031: project emissions

Only from the new transport system:

• Option 1. fuel consumption data

• Option 2. specific fuel consumption & distance data

AM0031: leakage emissions

Emissions included as leakageCongestion change provoked by project resulting in (inter alia):• Increased vehicle speed• Rebound effect• Upstream emissions of gaseous fuels in case more gaseous

fuels are used by the project case compared to the baseline case

Change of baseline factors monitored during project and included as leakage:

• Change of load factors of taxis provoked indirectly by project• Change of load factor of remaining conventional buses

provoked indirectly by project

ACM0016

Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

ACM0016 Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

ACM0016: determination of baseline emissions

ACM0016: project emissions

ACM0016: leakage emissions

– Changes in the load factor of taxes & busses ;

– Reduced congestion on affected roads (provoking

higher average speeds, determined for passenger

cars & taxis)

– Induced traffic (for passenger cars & taxis) and

rebound effect

Applicability

AM0031 ACM0016

Construction & operation of BRTS (feeder + trunk routes)

Construction & operation of MRTS or BRTS (trunk routes)

Methodology application

Projects AM0031 ACM0016

Under validation 5 2

At registration 2 2

Registered 2 0

Registered emissions 464,630 0

Request for issuance 4 0

Issued 1 0

Total Issued CERs (tonnes)

277,044 0

Key challenges of CDM transport projects

• Baseline emissions determination

– many dispersed emission sources

– methodologies require surveys

– indirect effects can be significant (e.g. positive and

negative rebound effects)

• Additionality demonstration

– Investment analysis is more difficult in case of

public investors (e.g. consideration of subsidies)

Thank you for your attention!

Supplementary slides

Methodology improvement: objectivity, applicability, and usability of methodologies

• Readability and language

• Internal consistency and consistency with other methodologies

• Referencing tools

• Use of conservative default values or discount factors to

calculate emissions

• Omitting insignificant emission sources

• Relaxing applicability conditions (e.g. by making conservative

assumptions for the calculation of emission reductions for the

relevant project types)

• Simplifying or replacing with conservative default values certain

monitoring requirements