UNECE/FAO Wood Energy Programme · David Ellul, UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section UNECE/FAO...

David Ellul, UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section

UNECE/FAO Wood Energy Programme

23rd Session of the Steering Committee for

Energy Efficiency 21 ProgrammeGeneva – 25 April 2012

David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section

Wood Energy

• Current trends and status: Joint Wood Energy Enquiry

• Outlook: European Forest Sector Outlook


2009 Replies


Woody Biomass Sources

S1: DirectLogging residues, thinnings, clearingsshort rotation coppice, etc.

S2: IndirectResidues, enhanced/ densified processed woodbased fuels (pellets, charcoal, biofuels), etc.

S3: RecoveredPost consumer recovered wood products (oftencontaminated), construction demolition, waste, etc.

S4: UnspecifiedUnspecified material where it is unclear what kind of material is used


Wood energy sources by country (2009)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

BelgiumCyprus

United StatesIreland

Slovak RepublicFinland

Sw edenEstoniaAustria

United KingdomLiechtenstein

GermanySw itzerland

LithuaniaRussian Federation

Norw aySlovenia

Czech RepublicFrance

ItalySerbia

JWEE Total

S1-Direct S2-Indirect S3-Recovered S4-Unspecified


Wood Energy Uses

U1: Power and HeatTransformation of woody biomass for commercial powerand heat production - "Main activity producer" (IEA)

U2: Industry internal use:Heat and energy generated for internal use by the forest basedindustries (sawmills, pulp, panel) for processing and drying

U3: ResidentialWood energy generated by private households

U4: OtherWood energy generated by public and private services;agriculture, forestry and fishery


Wood energy uses by country (2009)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

SerbiaCyprus

LiechtensteinNorw ay

IrelandFrance

SloveniaCzech Republic

United StatesSlovak Republic

ItalyFinlandAustriaBelgium

Sw itzerlandEstonia

LithuaniaSw eden

Russian FederationGermany

United Kingdom

JWEE Total

U1-Power and Heat U2-Industrial U3-Residential U4-Other


Role of wood energy in Total Primary Energy Supply

Share of woody biomass in TPES, 2009

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

United KingdomCyprus

IrelandBelgium

United StatesRussian Federation

Slovak RepublicNorw ay

Sw itzerlandGermany

Italy

FranceSlovenia

Czech RepublicLiechtenstein

LithuaniaSerbia

AustriaEstonia

FinlandSw eden

JWEE Total


Role of wood energy among RES

Share of woody biomass in RES, 2009

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Norw ayCyprus

United KingdomSw itzerland

Ireland

BelgiumItaly

GermanySlovak Republic

SloveniaUnited States

AustriaFrance

Sw eden

LiechtensteinFinland

LithuaniaRussian Federation

Czech RepublicEstoniaSerbia

JWEE Total


Trends

• Between 2005 and 2009 the amount of wood used for energy purposes grew annually by 2.7%.

• Wood energy now accounts for 3% of the total primary energy supply (TPES) and 47% of the renewable energy supply (RES)

• One of the biggest movers is the UK: share in TPES from 0.15% in 2005 to 0.52% in 2009; Share in RES from 8.2% in 2005 to 16.3% in 2009.

• Role of wood in TPES supply grew, whereas it slightly declined among renewables. Other renewables at faster rates of increase.


Trends

• The structure of sources for wood energy has been relatively stable.

• A growing trend to use wood for power and heat combined with a decrease in the use of wood energy in the residential sector.

• BUT wood energy use by private households is often higher than anticipated as it may not be fully accounted for.


• Reference Scenario– What if we continue business as usual?

• Maximizing Biomass Carbon – How much carbon could be stored?

• Promoting Wood Energy– How to achieve the renewable energy targets?

• Priority to Biodiversity– What if we focus on preserving /enhancing biodiversity?

• Fostering innovation/Competitiveness– What would a successful innovation strategy lead to?

European Forest Sector Outlook Study EFSOS 2010-2030


Wood Energy Outlook

• Assumptions:– Economic and population growth same as in

Reference scenario.– Meeting the EU 2020 renewable energy targets,

and that trend continues to 2030.– Other renewables grow faster, so that the share of

wood in RES falls from current 50 to 40% by 2030.

• Not considered - the possible consequences of the Fukushima accident on energy policy, and oil price fluctuations.


Annual Growth Rate


Growing Share of Energy Use


Intensified Mobilisation


Change in Total Extraction


Carbon Stocks and Flows


Consequences• The strong increase in harvest residues and stump extraction (170 million

m3 more than in reference scenario 2030) seems to pose an unacceptable risk to the ecological balance of the forest.

• Increased imports may be part of the solution, although sustainability must be evaluated.

• Another option would be that of actively managing protected forest areas. Managing 60% of protected forest areas at 60% harvest levels could yield up to 58 million m3 of stemwood from forests not designated for wood production.

• Short rotation coppice may also partly cover demand but at trade-off with other land uses. Depending on productivity, between 6 and 17 million ha of land would be necessary to supply 170 million m3. This is roughly equivalent to an area covering 3 to 9 % of utilized agricultural land of EU27.

• Establishing SRC might imply trade-offs with other land uses and, depending on site selection, with landscape and biodiversity. We could therefore face significant environmental, financial and institutional costs.


Further work

“Wood Energy Policy Debate”

8 May 2012, 10:00-18:00 Room XII, Palais des Nations


Further work

• JWEE National Correspondent Capacity Building Workshop (Paris, 11-13 June 2012)

• Launch of the fourth round of the Joint wood energy Enquiry, JWEE 2011 (Autumn 2012)


Contact us!

David Ellul

Economic Affairs Officer

email: [email protected]

tel: +41(0)22 917 1390

UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section

Palais des Nations

CH-1211 Genève

www.unece.org/timber

Thank you for your attention!

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