UNECE Types of censuses, enumeration methods and selected operational aspects: results of the ECE...
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Transcript of UNECE Types of censuses, enumeration methods and selected operational aspects: results of the ECE...
UNECE
Types of censuses, enumeration methods and selected operational aspects: results
of the ECE questionnaire
Paolo ValenteSocial and Demographic Statistics
Section UN Economic Commission for Europe -
Statistical Division
ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004
UNECE
Summary of presentation
Review of census methods used in 2000 round, also in relation with legal and administrative context.
“Bonus slides” with preliminary general results on some topics not covered in the paper:
- Statistical uses of census data- Publicity and information campaign- Census evaluation- Census costs by main budget lines - Main problems faced by countries in the 2000 round
Conclusions
UNECE
The 2000 round of population and housing
censuses in the ECE region
Censuses taken in 48 out of 55 countries in the ECE region
In all countries the census was taken between 1999 and 2002, with a few exceptions:
- Turkmenistan, Israel and Malta: 1995- Republic of Moldova: October 2004
Replies to the ECE questionnaire on censuses available for 44 countries (43 out of the 48 ECE countries where census was taken + Australia)
UNECE
Types of censuses and main enumeration methods
Main enumeration method:
Traditional census (fieldwork)
Registers plus fieldwork
Registers plus sample survey data
Data from registers only
Interviewer, paper questionnaire
21 2 (Latvia,
Slovenia)
23
Self-compiled form, delivered and collected by enum.
9 1 (Spain) 10
Self-compiled form, delivered by enum. and mailed back
3 (France,
Canada, UK)
3
Self-compiled form, mailed-out, collected by enum.
1 (Malta) 1
Self-compiled form, mail-out, mail-back
1 (USA) 2 (Belgium,
Switzerland)
3
Enumeration based on registers (no forms)
1 (Netherlands)
3 (Denmark,
Finland, Norway)
4
35 5 1 3 44
Type of population census:
UNECE
Types of censuses and main enumeration methods
Main enumeration method:
Traditional census (fieldwork)
Registers plus fieldwork
Registers plus sample survey data
Data from registers only
Interviewer, paper questionnaire
21 2 (Latvia,
Slovenia)
23
Self-compiled form, delivered and collected by enum.
9 1 (Spain) 10
Self-compiled form, delivered by enum. and mailed back
3 (France,
Canada, UK)
3
Self-compiled form, mailed-out, collected by enum.
1 (Malta) 1
Self-compiled form, mail-out, mail-back
1 (USA) 2 (Belgium,
Switzerland)
3
Enumeration based on registers (no forms)
1 (Netherlands)
3 (Denmark,
Finland, Norway)
4
35 5 1 3 44
Type of population census:
A1
A2B
C
UNECE
Legal context for the 2000 censuses: Existence of statistical legislation
Census act existing in 38 countries (86%)Statistics act existing in 36 countries (82%)Data protection act existing in 33 countries (75%)
No significant differences among different groups of countries, but…
…in countries using registers, possible association with existence of Statistics acts and Data protection acts, rather then Census acts?
UNECE
Administrative context:Existence of use of PIN (1/2)
Existence
of PIN Census SurveysAdmin. Sources
(None)
All 44 countries 70% 48% 39% 77% 16%
Group A1(Trad. census, interviewer)
71% 40% 27% 87% 7%
Group A2 (Trad. census, self-compilation)
71% 30% 20% 50% 40%
Group B (Registers + fieldwork)
60% 100% 100% 100% 0%
Group C (Registers, no fieldwork) 75% 100% 100% 100% 0%
Where the PIN exists, it is used for…Countries
UNECE
Administrative context:Existence of use of PIN (2/2)
PIN is not necessary to use registers for censuses (examples: Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland)
Countries using registers for censuses and where PIN exist, use it extensively for statistical purposes
Other countries make limited use of PIN for censuses and statistical surveys (because of restrictions?)
UNECE
Administrative context:Existence of registers
Existence
of registers PopulationBusiness
(incl. agr.)Dwellings
Insurance (incl. soc. sec.)
All 44 countries 89% 57% 77% 16% 55%Group A1(Trad. census, interviewer)
86% 38% 71% 14% 62%
Group A2 (Trad. census, self-compilation)
86% 57% 79% 7% 57%
Group B (Registers + fieldwork)
100% 100% 80% 20% 0%
Group C (Registers, no fieldwork) 100% 100% 100% 50% 75%
Countries
Existing registers:
UNECE
Administrative context:Existence of registers
Existence
of registers PopulationBusiness
(incl. agr.)Dwellings
Insurance (incl. soc. sec.)
All 44 countries 89% 57% 77% 16% 55%Group A1(Trad. census, interviewer)
86% 38% 71% 14% 62%
Group A2 (Trad. census, self-compilation)
86% 57% 79% 7% 57%
Group B (Registers + fieldwork)
100% 100% 80% 20% 0%
Group C (Registers, no fieldwork) 100% 100% 100% 50% 75%
Countries
Existing registers:
No population register No register-based census!
UNECE
Administrative context:Use of registers for
censuses…
Type of register:To establish address lists
To pre-fill census forms
To produce census data
Population 11 6 7Dwellings 5 0 4Business 0 2 8Insurance 0 1 4Post office address list 3 0 0Other registers 6 2 7TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES:
21 8 9
Countries using the registers…
UNECE
Administrative context:… and use of censuses for
registers
Type of register:To update
existing registerTo create
new register
Population 5 2Dwellings 3 6Business 1 2Insurance 0 1Post office address list 2 1Other registers 5 2TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES:
11 7
Countries using the census…
UNECE
Administrative context:… and use of censuses for
registers
Type of register:To update
existing registerTo create
new register
Population 5 2Dwellings 3 6Business 1 2Insurance 0 1Post office address list 2 1Other registers 5 2TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTRIES:
11 7
Countries using the census…
Confidentiality implications!
UNECE
Statistical uses of census data
Revision of intercensal population estimates
Base for population projections
Revision of admin. records
Frame for sample surveys
All 44 countries 84% 84% 20% 77%Group A1(Trad. census, interviewer)
100% 100% 29% 90%
Group A2 (Trad. census, self-compilation) 93% 100% 14% 79%
Group B (Registers + fieldwork)
60% 40% 20% 80%
Group C (Registers, no fieldwork) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Groups of countries by census methodology
Uses of census data:
UNECE
Publicity campaign (1/2)
Publicity campaign carried out in 41 countries
No publicity campaign in Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands…
…but publicity campaign in some countries with register-based censuses (Finland and Norway)
UNECE
Publicity campaign:Means of publicity
Means of publicity: Countries1st mean of
publicity
National TV 40 31Newspapers and magazines 38 15National radio 38 14Local radio 37 9Press conf., other events 35 10Posters 34 8Leaflets 31 9Local TV 31 8Internet 22 5Billboards 20 6Gadgets 9 2Other 8 0
UNECE
Publicity campaign: “Innovative approaches…”
• In Canada, no national TV, but: - free ads/inserts
- sugar bags- milk cartoon- rail cars- calendar and agenda companies- mail inserts- plastic bags- ATMs, etc.
• And in Italy: SMS!!!
UNECE
Publicity campaign (cont.)
Main locations for posters and leaflets Selected targets of the campaign:
Locations: Countries Locations: CountriesPublic institutions 36 Young and students 28Schools 30 People in rural areas 19Stations, airports 25 Foreigners 16Post offices, pharmacies 25 Ethnic minorities 15Libraries 19
UNECE
Information campaign
Means of information: Countries1st mean of information
TV programs 39 21Newspapers, magazines 39 13Radio programs 37 11Call center 29 12Internet 28 4Booklets 26 7Events 17 2CD-ROM 6 1Other 6 1
UNECE
Information campaign
Countries
3937332912Other
Main aims of information campaign:Make respondent confidentMake answering correct and easierExplain legal frameExplain instruments
UNECE
Census evaluation
Countries
2420191414
Types of evaluation conducted:Comparison with other data sourcesDemographic analysisCoverage post-enumeration surveyQuality post-enumeration surveyField re-interviews
UNECE
Census evaluation
In case of PES, were census official figures adjusted accordingly? Countries
No adjustment 13Yes, for the total population 8Yes, for geografic breakdowns 7Yes, for age/sex breakdowns 6Adjustement only for retrospective estimates/future forecasts, but not to official population figures
2
No post-enumeration survey 10
UNECE
Cost of censuses% distribution by main
budget linesAll countries A1 A2 B C
General preparation, services, logistics
16 19 10 13 25
Equipment 10 13 8 5 8Enumeration (fieldwork)
40 44 44 42 0
Data entry, checking, coding
12 7 18 16 13
Processing and analysis
5 2 3 7 21
Publication, dissemination and documentation
5 3 3 2 22
Other costs 13 12 14 14 11Total 100 100 100 100 100
Groups of countriesCensus budget lines:
UNECE
Cost of censuses% distribution by main
budget lines
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Allcountries
A1 A2 B C
Other
Publication, disseminationand documentation
Processing and analysis
Data entry, checking, coding
Enumeration (fieldwork)
Equipment
General preparation,services, logistics
UNECE
Main problems and difficulties faced in the 2000
round of censusesMain problems and dificulties:
Number of countries
Data collection 15Funding sources 12Cartography/Mapping 11Use of new technologies 11Staff 11Design of questionnaires 8Data processing 8Publicity 7
Checking-controlling-coding 6
Conformity to content according to Recommendations and Concepts
4
Regional and local structure 3Evaluation 3
UNECE
Conclusions
In 2000 round, limited variability in census methodology adopted: most countries took traditional census
Different methods have different implications on various phases of census
In 2010, much higher variability is expected with regard to census methods (seminar, pres. on Plans for 2010)
UNECE
Implications for 2010 recommendations (1/2)
New expanded section on census methodology (2000 recommendations focussed on content)
Objective: not to “recommend” specific approaches, but rather to “inform” about possible options and help countries to evaluate them
Review of different approaches, discussing:- necessary conditions- implications on various phases of census- advantages and disadvantages
UNECE
Implications for 2010 recommendations (2/2)
Possible areas to be covered: - Possible uses of registers - Possible uses of sample surveys - Other approaches (“rolling census”?)- Census evaluation (coverage and quality)- Publicity and information campaign - …