Undulator Systems for the European XFEL - sinap.ac.cn · Extension of Lab in Bldg. 36 started. ......

Undulator Systems for the European XFEL

Joachim Pflüger, European XFEL

2

EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL


Signing Ceremony in Rathaus Hamburg Nov 30 10:15

12 Countries:

Denmark

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Italy

Poland

RussiaSlovakia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Announced:

China

Great BritainXFEL GmbH is officially founded!

3



Overview

XFEL Basics, Choice of ParametersUndulator Systems Design

Undulator SegmentsMechanicsMagnetic Measurements

IntersectionsPhase ShifterMover

Control SystemTunnel LayoutTime Schedule

Overview,Choice of Parameters

5



Overall layout: three above ground sites

6



Overall layout: three above ground sites

Undulator tunnels

7



Undulator Systems: Basic Design Considerations

Conservative design assumptions:1Å has to be reached safely FEL specifications to be fulfilled safely Permanent Magnet Technology (NdFeB)Avoid risks like SC undulators (technology), mini gap undulators, ultra small vacuum chambers (wake fields, radiation damage)

Strict standardization for drive mechanics, intersections, tuning proceduresPreparation for Large Scale ProductionSynergy with PETRA III

8



Choice of gap and electron energy

Saturation length

10mm 8mm 6mm

Min Undulator gap

Diffraction Parameter ( Coherence, Number of Modes)

Electron Beam Energy

εn=1.4 mm mrad

100

Gap 6 10mm would only save 20% on length

TDR 2006 Saldin, Schneidmiller, Yurkov

17.5 Gev for B=100

Saldin, Schneidmiller an Yurkov Opt. Comm. 235 (2004) 415

9



Tuneability

Saturation length dependence on chosen wavelength for SASE1, SASE2 and SASE3

Photon pulse power as a function ofmagnetic undulator length

SASE1 SASE2

εn=1.4 mm mrad

Lengths of undulator systems( )

2

2

2)(5.01

γλλ UUU

RgK+

=

10



Baseline Design Parameters

Undulator Systems

1.25x10-4Δγ / γ

SCType

nC1Bunch Charge

1- 3250Pulse train

nm0.034ε (17.5 GeV)

fsec80Bunch length

Hz10Rep Rate

A5000IPeak

µm1.4 εn

GeV17.5Energy

Accelerator

Undulator Design

12



Undulator Systems in the XFEL

Later Upgrade to full TDR 2006 Scope is possible

13



Schematic of Undulator Systems

Cell Structure

Intersection (1.1m)

Undulator Segment 5m

Undulator Cell

Undulator System in Tunnel

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Undulator Segments

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Synergy PETRA III- XFEL

Synergetic XFEL – PETRAIII design. Ongoing since 2004 Fulfill XFEL (and PETRAIII) requirementsSuited for Serial ProductionCost optimized

2 Generations of Prototyps to test and develop XFEL TechnologyConstruction of 13 planar PETRA III undulators using this technology

Results:Relaxed Tolerances: Girder Material AlMgY. Li, B. Faatz, J. Pflueger, Phys. Rev. ST-AB 1,100701 (2008)

High Precision Drive SystemCost optimized Ready for Tendering

16



2. Generation Support Mechanics

Special Attention: 1. Shear deformation vs. compressive deformation2. Material pairing; Bimetallic bending3. Four point support of girders4. Four Motors, electronic gears5. Forced girder guiding6. Precision gap control with accuracy ±1µm

Joachim Pflueger, XFEL 17

XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Girder guiding by Support Guide WayProblem: The intermediate girder deforms under magnetic forces

Solution:• Girders have a rotational degree of freedom of low friction • Alignment through the support guide way, adjustable via screws• Total Girder Tilt ≈ ≤ ± 100 μrad

AdjustmentScrews

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Direct Measurement of Gap

Required Accuracy ± 1μm

Problem: Forces of Measurement

Best Result at present: ± 1μmG. Naulin, G. Nawrath



Prototyping History

:1. Generation 5m U29 Petra III /XFEL 2m U29 PETRA III

Pre-Series 5m U35/48/68 XFEL 2. Generation 2 m U32 PETRA IIINew

2006 2006

2007-Present

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Magnetic

Design & Measurements



Magnet Structure I

•Structure clamped on girder.

•Same Material for girder and Magnet support structure: AlMg

Based on FLASH Experience

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Magnet Structure II

All XFEL relevant field errors can be tuned by adjustment screws

Basics: J. Pflüger, H. Lu, T. Teichmann NIM A429 (1999), 368

Adjustment Range:

Pole Height : ± 0.3mm

Pole Tilt : ± 4mrad

Locking Screws

Tuning Screws

Pole Height and Tilt Adjustment Principle

23



Magnetic Structure III: Pole Height Adjustment

Measurement Bridge Double Bridge in Use

Reading Accuracy: ±1μm

Requirement: ±5μm

Direct viewSimple, easy to use preferred Method



Magnetic Structure IV: Pole Height and Tilt Adjustment

≈± 100μm

Pole Height Adjustment Pole Tilt Adjustment

2RMS2,Peak0

20

,2

Tmm 10.3IT 0.682B mm, 29λ22

=⇒==

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛⋅=πλPeak

RMSBI

≈±0.3mm ≈ ±4mrad≈± 4mrad

XFEL Magnetic Lab

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XFEL Magnetic Lab with 0.1°C Stability (C. Schulz)

Temperature stability 04-08.01.2009 < 0,28 K local

21,86121,88121,90121,92121,94121,96121,98122,00122,02122,04122,06122,08122,10122,12122,14122,16122,18122,201

0:00

4:01

8:02

12:0

3

16:0

4

20:0

5

0:06

4:08

8:09

12:1

0

16:1

1

20:1

2

0:13

4:14

8:15

12:1

6

16:1

7

20:1

8

0:19

4:20

8:21

12:2

2

16:2

3

20:2

4

time

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]0.1 - PT100_1 0.2 - PT100_2 0.3 - PT100_3 0.4 - PT100_40.5 - PT100_5 0.6 - PT100_6

Temperature Stability 04-08.01.2009 < 0,06 K temporal

22,03622,04122,04622,05122,05622,06122,06622,07122,07622,08122,08622,09122,096

0:00

4:01

8:00

12:01

16:00

20:01 0:0

04:0

18:0

112

:0116

:0120

:01 0:00

4:01

8:01

12:01

16:01

20:01 0:0

04:0

18:0

112

:0116

:0120

:01

tite

mpe

ratu

re [°

C]

0.3 - PT100_3

96 h

96 h

0.06K

O.34K

Temporal Temperature Stability

Local Temperature Stability

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Field Measurements Results New Lab on PETRA III 2m

U. Englisch

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Extension Plans in Building 36 (C. Schulz)

North

XFEL Area

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Magnetic Measurements, New Magnetic LabPresent Status

Magnetic Measurements and tuningPole Height and Tilt Tuning is working wellRoutinely used for PETRA IIIHas the potential for fast tuning “perfect” undulators :Phase Jitter << 2°RMS trajectory walkoffs << 1µm (2nd Fieldintegral ≈ 2 Tmm2)

All basic Magnet Measurement and tuning Techniques needed for XFEL are available

1. New Magnetic LabLab operational Temperature Specs fulfilledControl Software workingAt present: Heavily in use by HASYLAB for PETRA III Devices…Prototype for the new XFEL benches

Extension of Lab in Bldg. 36 started

Intersections

31



Intersection Overview

Quadrupole

SR Absorber / Pump

VacuumChamber

Adjustors

Loss Monitors

Concrete Pillar

Air Coil Correctors

Phase Shifter

Cavity BPM

QuadrupoleMover

SASE 1

Support Base Plate

SASE 2

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Phase Shifter

J. Pflüger H. Lu, M. Wang, J. Zhuang I. Moya, S. Sanz, P. Oriol

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Phase Shifter: General

1. PrototypeMagnetic Design Principle

Intersection

Phase Shifter

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Phase Shifter: Final ResultsLu Huihua, Zhuang Jian, Wang Motuo, J. Pflüger

Vertical Field Horizontal Field Phase Tuning Curves

( ) 0)2(2

)2

)(25.01(

2≥−⎟

⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛=−

⎟⎠⎞⎜

⎝⎛ +

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛= LRe

mcLn

UgUKUe

mcPgPI νγλπν

π

λ

For more Details: H.H. Lu, Y. Li, J. Pflüger, NIMA 605 (2009) 399

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Quadrupole Mover

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Quadrupole Mover

Horizontal

VerticalJavier Munilla, CIEMAT

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Quadrupoel Mover Specifications

Movement Range: ± 1.5mm Accuracy better: ± 1µmLoad Capacity: ≈ 75kgMotion Control :

Linear actuators usings stepping motorsAbsolute position measurement using LVDTsClosed loop feedback using Beckhoff controlcomponents (XFEL standard)

Safety:Precision switchesHard stoppers

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Reentrant Cavity Beam Position MonitorsD. Lipka, D. Nölle WP17

Beam direction

Bellow

Pump

Reentrant Cavity BPM

D. Lipka, D. Nölle XFEL Meeting 16.9.09

Based on Spring8 Design

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Vacuum System (T. Wohlenberg WP19)

Absorber

Bellow

Pump cross

Flange connection

Undulator vacuum chamber

Ion getter pump

Absorber

Bellow

Pump cross

Flange connection

Undulator vacuum chamber

Ion getter pump

XFEL Prototype Chamber built forthe 4m Undulator for sFLASH

Vacuum components for theIntersections Intersection

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Undulator Vacuum ChamberT. Wohlenberg

• Extruded Al Profile

• Clearance: Vertical: 8.6mm, Horizontal: 15mm

• 2 Water cooling Channels

• 2 additional Channels for Fiber Loss Monitors á la FLASH

• ≈300nm RMS inner Surface Roughness

• No Coating: The Beam sees Al

• Support on independent, external and adjustable prefabricated Framemade from AL profiles

Chamber Cross Section

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Quadrupoles

RequirementsMust keep magnetic center to better than ±2µm from 10 to 100% of rated excitationExtensive R&D called “New TQG” triggerd by negative FLASH experience

Result: An economic Solution:Low coercive iron „Russian Relais Iron“ provided as IKCThermal annealing at 850°C after machining mandatoryIn XFEL: Fiducialization and test of magnetic center stability

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Quadrupole Center stability on „New TQG“

Fredrik Hellberg MSL

Vertical (Y) Center PositionHorizontal (X) Center Position

Excitation is changed from 0 to 80A and back several timesCenter is determined using a rotatingcoil setup

Transfer of center position to Fiducials

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Undulator Controls

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Undulator Control System, Requirements

Undulator Cell Local ControlMotion Control of undulator segment, synchronization, limit movement, operational safetyAir coil correction, synchronized with gap movementTemperature compensationMotion Control of Intersection synchronized with gap motion

Global Control System General Control of Undulator SystemSynchronize Undulator all CellsOperational Modes Taper, length controlOperational Interface to machine, users, diagnostics, local


Local Undulator Cell Control

sync

hron

izat

ion

Tasks• Provide fast Gap Control with micrometer accuracy• Synchronization with low following error (less than ±10µm)• Provide safe operation, failure detection, prevent

damage…….• Limitation of movement, limit switches

• Local temperature measurement and gap

correction• Gap dependent Air Coil Correction• Gap dependent Phase Shifter Setting• Motion Control for QuadrupoleMovers

virtual master axis

A. Schoeps


Embedded PC:- Windows based, realtime capable- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - Numerical Control (NC) - sever for machine control system (TCP/IP) - HMI + IDE

Control Hardware

I/Os: - limit switches- additional controls (eg. correctors)

- interlock signals- Profibus terminal

servodrives

power

resolver feedback

Ethe

rCA

T

EtherCAT

linearencoders

motorsP

rofib

us

A. Schoeps


Global Undulator System Control

synchronous / collective movement of all axes during operationexternal synchronization via EtherCAT – for example with monochromatordifferent operational modes: tapering, diagnostic, local, maintenance ….

virtual master axis

remote synchronization

TwinCAT based Soft-NC:- synchroization of Undulator cells- communication to global control

system- also allows to move single cells

A. Schoeps

48



Hardware

Widely used in Automation Industry (Europe, China) Fast EtherCAT based communicationTwinCAT based software with mighty diagnostic tools (ScopeView)Available off the shelfWide variety of controls for Motion control (servos, steppers, ADCs (til24 bit), DACs, encoders, I/O…..Economic : 240€ to include a 4A stepping motor such as Phase ShifterGrowing scientific use: FLASH, PETRA III, EMBL, DESY Accelerators, XFEL, ELBE…

49



Near Future Plans

Extension Magnetic LabExtension of Hall 5 in Bldg. 36 by 6/2010CFT for 2 more benches by by 6/2010

IntersectionsSASE2 / IHEP see presentation of Huihua LuSASE2 / XFEL Prototype Assembly Begin 1 /2010SASE1 Prototype Assembly Begin 1 /2010Test, RedesignProduction Readiness Review End of 2010

Preseries Prototypes2 SASE3 U68 Prototypes (CELLS) until 9 / 2010 2 SASE1 and 2 SASE2 (XFEL) until 9 / 2010

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Global Time Schedule

Extension Magnetic Lab until 19.3.2012

Undulator Segments Pre-Series Prototyping until 5.7.11Serial Production 6.7.11 – 1.7.14 (last)

IntersectionsPrototyping Test Mockup until 7.2.11Production 8.2.11 – 1.4.13 (last)

SASE 1-3 Operational by late 2014

The End

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Open Positions in WP71

2 Scientists for magnetic measurements S-022Controls engineer for a magnetic measurement lab E-013Mechatronics engineer (f/m) E-015Support engineer / hall engineer (f/m) E-016

More Positions at European XFEL:http://www.xfel.eu/organization/job_offers/

Undulator Systems for the European XFEL - sinap.ac.cn · Extension of Lab in Bldg. 36 started. ......

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