Energy Resourcesof Our PlanetUnderstanding the Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy Resources at Our Disposal & the Differences Between Them

The Fossil Fuels

Petroleum (Oil) A nonrenewable liquid fossil fuel

found underground

Oil rigs drill through many layers of Earth's crust to bring oil to the surface

Petroleum (Oil) Even though it's a fossil fuel, petroleum is still widely available and relatively affordable,

and provides 35% of American energy usage

In addition to gasoline, other fuels and motor oils, petroleum is used to make plastics, paints, medicines, and soaps, among so many other things

Petroleum (Oil) As much as we rely

on petroleum for our products and transportation, it is a very dirty and harmful fossil fuel that has numerous negative impacts on the environment

Oil Spills

Air Pollution

Plastic Waste

Coal A nonrenewable solid fossil

fuel that looks like a shiny black rock and is found underground

Coal Despite being a fossil

fuel, coal provides 21% of America's energy needs

The coal reserves found in America alone are estimated to last at least 120 more years

92% of the coal mined in the U.S. is used to make electricity

Coal Burning coal produces emissions

that pollute the air, land, and water

One emission is CO2 , a greenhouse gas that can harm our planet

Natural Gas A nonrenewable gaseous fossil fuel

found trapped in underground rocks

Natural gas is actually a mixture of different gases , the main ingredient of which is methane

Natural gas is also produced out of landfills (landfill gas is actually considered renewable since trash is always created)

Natural Gas Industries use natural

gas to manufacture goods or as an ingredient in items like fertilizer, glue, or paint

Because it is cheap and easy to obtain, most homes and commercial buildings use it for heating and cooking

Natural gas can also be used to generate electricity and as fuel for transportation

Natural Gas Because it is a fossil

fuel, burning natural gas produces greenhouse gases like coal and petroleum do

Of the three fossil fuels, though, natural gas is cleaner to burn than coal and petroleum

Transporting and working near natural gas pipelines could be dangerous

Uranium (Nuclear) Uranium is a nonrenewable

element (and mineral) found in rocks and even ocean water

Largest concentrations are found in Australia (30% of world's supply)

It is processed and formed into small pellets the size of your fingertip

Just one small uranium pellet produces as much energy as 150 gallons of oil

The pellets are stacked to form fuel rods, and several fuel rods form an assembly

Uranium (Nuclear) Uranium atoms are

split to generate energy through a process called nuclear fission

The energy released from the nuclear fission process is captured in a power plant to produce electricity

Fission Animation

PWR Power Plant

Self-Paced Animation

Uranium (Nuclear) No fuel is burned in a nuclear power plant,

so there is no air pollution and no greenhouse gases produced

Great amounts of water, however, are used for cooling the reactors; if the water taken from nearby lakes and rivers is returned at higher temperatures, the local ecology could be affected

Nuclear power plants are actually very safe, but accidents and radiation leaks can occur, impacting the environment and all organisms nearby

Radioactive waste produced by the power plants, if not contained properly, can damage an organism's cells, causing cancer and even death

Solar Earth gets all of its energy

needs from the sun, a massive star in our solar system made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases

The sun radiates (sends out) its solar energy every day, yet our planet only receives and uses a fraction of everything the sun radiates...most of it is lost to space

Solar energy is renewable, and because the sun is available to us daily without fear of going away, solar energy is also considered indefinite (lasting forever)

Solar Nothing occurs on Earth

without the sun's radiant energy!

Specifically, though, solar energy can be used for heating water, heating spaces around us (homes and other buildings), and for generating electricity

Solar Panel Animation

Solar Solar energy fortunately has very

few negative impacts on the environment

It's free and clean to use...the trouble still is in finding the best ways to collect as much radiant energy as we can in a way that is also cost effective (solar panels are still quite expensive)

Generating electricity for a population would require many, many solar panels, and you might not find a field of solar panels very nice to look at!

Solar panels don't work at nighttime, and they don't collect as much of the sun's light rays on cloudy days

Hydropower (Hydroelectric) Renewable energy that

comes from the force of moving water

You have to be near a water source to take advantage of this energy resource

Hydropower plants are built where natural waterfalls are found, and dams are constructed across rivers to create artificial waterfalls if needed

Hydropower (Hydroelectric) Hydropower is used to generate 5-

10% of U.S. electricity, depending on annual rainfall

Hydropower is the cheapest form of generating electricity, because once the dam is built water collection is free and passive

Globally, hydropower accounts for about 17% of electricity production

Hydropower (Hydroelectric) Hydropower is clean energy and is

free to use

No fuel is burned, so no pollution is produced

Dams are designed to control water flow, so water can be stored in a reservoir to be used when needed

Building dams does disrupt the natural habitat, affecting wildlife and altering the natural flow of water

Fish are affected by dams if they cannot swim upriver to lay their eggs, but modern dams are designed with fish ladders and other mechanisms to help fish swim back upriver

Hydropower Video

Wind Air in motion caused by

uneven heating across Earth’s surface by the sun

Wind energy is renewable, because wind will always blow as long as the sun shines

Wind energy is harvested with wind turbines, primarily in regions where the land is flat and there are no obstructions

Wind Wind power plants, also

know as wind farms, include many wind turbines to collect the wind’s energy

Wind energy is converted into electricity using the spinning turbines and a generator

Wind energy makes up a very small percentage of our electricity production, because only certain regions have enough sustainable winds to rotate the large wind turbine blades

Wind Turbine Animation

Wind Wind is a free and

clean resource

It is not widely available with the sustainable winds needed to turn the turbines

Those wind turbines that have been installed can be hazardous to birds

They can also be noisy and not attractive to look at

Biomass A renewable energy source

that includes any organic matter

Energy in biomass comes from the sun, beginning with plants that absorb sunlight and get their energy (sugar) from photosynthesis

Biomass material can be harvested and taken directly from nature (plants and animal waste), and can include our own organic waste

Biomass For the longest time, wood

was the most common form of biomass used for heating and cooking when burned

We have learned over the past 200 years how the different forms of biomass can be used in manufacturing, transportation, to generate electricity, and again as a heating fuel

Biomass Animation 1

Biomass Animation 2

Biomass Biomass does pollute the air when

burned, but not as much as fossil fuels

The pollutants are different as well; burning biomass doesn't contribute to acid rain like fossil fuels do

Biomass does include wood and other plant material, which means we do cut down and expend energy harvesting trees

Harvesting too many trees, not conserving them, and not responsibly planting new ones in their place can lead to the loss of trees and an environmental disaster

Geothermal Geo means “Earth”,

and thermal means “heat”…geothermal energy refers to heat energy from within the earth

Geothermal energy is renewable and indefinite because the earth’s core will constantly be producing heat energy

Geothermal Geothermal energy is used for

heating and for generating electricity

Pipes placed underground allow water to be pumped through a system that heats the water so we can benefit either from the heat directly or from the steam to generate electricity

Geothermal Animation 1

Geothermal Animation 2

Geothermal Geothermal plants

must be placed strategically over a sufficient heating source, and thus do not exist everywhere

Geothermal energy is very clean and does little to no damage to the environment

Nothing is burned, and no pollution is produced

Energy Conservation

Energy conservation is saving and protecting our current supply of energy resources so they last as long as possible

Using energy efficiently is important for conservation

If something is energy efficient, that means you are getting the most energy you can by using the least amount of effort and resources