Understanding Social Security & Medicare - Benefits · 2018-08-06 · Understanding Social Security...
Transcript of Understanding Social Security & Medicare - Benefits · 2018-08-06 · Understanding Social Security...
Understanding
Social Security & Medicare
Alight Financial Advisors LLCAlight Financial Solutions LLC, a broker/dealer, member FINRA/SIPC
Alight Financial Advisors LLC (AFA) is a federally registered investment advisor and wholly
owned subsidiary of Alight Solutions LLC
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This information is provided by Alight Financial Advisors LLC (AFA) for general
informational purposes only and should not be considered an individualized
recommendation or personalized advice. The strategies mentioned may not be
suitable for everyone. Each investor needs to pursue a particular investment
strategy based on his or her own particular situation.
Data contained herein is obtained from what are considered reliable sources;
however, its accuracy, completeness, or reliability cannot be guaranteed.
The content of this presentation is for informational purposes only. This
information does not constitute investment advice or an offer to invest or to
provide management services.
The information in this document does not constitute tax advice. Please see
your tax advisor to determine how this information may apply to your own
situation.
Disclaimer
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Discover the history of the Social Security and Medicare programs
Grasp the basics of the retirement benefit, the spousal benefit, and
the survivors benefit
Understand how the benefit calculation is made
Learn about Full Retirement Age and the impact to taking the benefit
early vs. taking the benefit late
Explore other considerations like taxation of benefits
Learn the four basic parts to Medicare
Learning Objectives
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Overview
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Social Security
established
under FDR
Survivor’s
benefits added
COLA’s
enacted by
Congress
Disability
benefits added
Medicare
established
1935 1940 196519561950
Source: https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html
Origins of Social Security
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• 40 Credits to be considered fully insured
• 1 credit for every $1,320 earned income
• Maximum 4 credits per year
Eligibility
.
Paying Into the Program
• Receiving payments early will reduce benefit
• Receiving payments later will increase benefit
• May be adjusted annually for COLA
Benefit Payment
The Retirement Benefit
• Employee pays 6.2%
• Employer pays 6.2%
• Wage cap at $128,400
• Known as OASDI tax
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Spouse
Survivor
• Deceased worker must have been
fully insured
• 100% benefit if Full Retirement Age
• Could be reduced taken early
• Must be age 60 or older1
1May be eligible for a survivor benefit starting at age 50 if disabled, or
any age if taking care of a dependent under 16 or disabled
• 50% of working spouses benefit
• Must be married at least 12 months
• Divorced spouse if married at least 10
years and not remarried
• Reduction in benefit if not Full
Retirement Age
Spouse and Survivor Benefit
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Receiving the Benefit
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PIAPrimary Insurance Amount
Amount the Social Security benefit
is based on. If receiving the
benefit at Full Retirement Age, the
benefit is 100% of the PIA
AIMEAvg. Indexed Monthly Earnings
Average monthly earnings for the
highest 35 years, indexed to
inflation
Use highest 35 years of earnings
Index earnings to inflation to get AIME
Three tiered formula to calculate PIA
90% on first $895
32% over $895 but below $5,397
15% over $5,397XPrimary Insurance Amount
How the Benefit is Calculated
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Arthur is getting ready to retire. His Average Indexed Monthly Earnings
is calculated to be $5,800, and he wants to know what his PIA will be
$805.50
$1,440.64
$60.45
90% of first $895
32% over $895 but
below $5,397
15% over $5,397+
$2,306.59 Primary Insurance Amount
How the Benefit is Calculated: Example
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Birth Year Age of Full Benefits
1943 – 1954 66
1955 66 and 2 months
1956 66 and 4 months
1957 66 and 6 months
1958 66 and 8 months
1959 66 and 10 months
1960 and later 67
Full Retirement age is the age at which you receive 100% of the benefit
Full Retirement Age
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Birth Year Benefit Reduction
1943 – 1954 25%
1955 25.83%
1956 26.67%
1957 27.50%
1958 28.33%
1959 29.17%
1960 and later 30%
Benefit reduction if taken at age 62
Benefit is reduced by 5/9% for each month taken early up to 36 months. Any additional
months beyond 36 months, the benefit is reduced by 5/12%, or about 6% per year
Receiving Benefits Early
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Benefit increase if delayed until age 70
Benefit is increased by 2/3% for each month the benefit is delayed,
or about 8% per year
Receiving Benefits Late
Birth Year Benefit Increase
1943 – 1954 32%
1955 30.7%
1956 29.3%
1957 28%
1958 26.7%
1959 25.3%
1960 and later 24%
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$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
$750$800
$933$866$1,000
$1,080
$1,160$1,240
$1,320
Assumes a PIA of $1,000 and a full retirement age of 66
Reduction of about 6% per year1 Increase of about 8% per year1
Mo
nth
ly b
en
efi
t am
ou
nt
Age to start receiving benefits
1Actual reduction is 5/9% for each month taken early up to 36 months, 5/12% for each month beyond 36 months
Actual increase is about 2/3% for each month taken late. Visit www.ssa.gov to learn more.
Full
Retire
ment A
ge
Comparison Chart
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Do you have a current need for income?
Are you currently working?
Would you prefer higher payments?
Do you have concerns over the health of the program?
How would the benefit affect your taxes?
Do you believe you’ll have an average life expectancy?
Deciding When to Take the Benefit
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Other Considerations
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Benefit reduced $1
for every $2 earned
over $17,040
Benefit reduced $1
for every $3 earned
over $45,360
No reduction in
benefits when Full
Retirement Age
Before Year of FRA Year of FRA FRA and After
If some of your benefits are withheld because of your
earnings, your monthly benefit will increase starting at
your full retirement age1
1https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10069.pdf
How Work Affects the Benefit
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James is 62 and works part-time at a golf shop earning
$25,000 for the year. He also decides to claim his Social
Security benefit which is calculated to be $14,400 annually
1. $25,000 - $17,040 = $7,960
2. $7,960 / 2 = $3,980
3. $14,400 - $3,980 = $10,420
Total earnings over
the limit
Benefit will be reduced
by this amount
Adjusted annual
benefit1
1The $3,980 would be withheld up front. For example, James’ monthly payment was $1,200. As a
result of the reduction, James would receive $0 for his first three payments, and then $820 for his
fourth payment. Beginning with his fifth payment, he would start receiving $1,200 per month.
How Work Affects the Benefit
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Combined
Income=Adjusted
Gross
Income+
Non-
taxable
interest+
50% of
Social
Security
benefit
Single Filers Joint Filers
Up to 50% taxable $25,000 - $34,000 $32,000 - $44,000
Up to 85% taxable Over $34,000 Over $44,000
Taxation of Benefits
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$27,000=$20,000 + $1,000 + $6,000
AGI Non-Taxable
Interest50% of SS
BenefitTotal Combined
Income
Since Eileen is single and her combined income is between
$25,000 and $34,000, up to 50% of her Social Security benefit
would be taxable
Eileen is single and has an AGI of $20,000. She also has
$1,000 in non-taxable interest, and a Social Security benefit
of $12,000 per year
Taxation of Benefits: Example
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Get Started
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Create an Online Account
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Create an Online Account
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$1,600.00
$72,500.00XXX – XX – 1111
January 1st, 1962
Joh
n
mySocial Security Home Page
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Apply for Benefits Online
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Apply for Benefits Online
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What You’ll Need
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Medicare
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A
B
C
D
• Funded by 2.9% Medicare Tax1
• Compulsory
• Supplemental insurance
• Funded by premiums and Government subsidies
• Premiums will start at $134/month2
• Voluntary enrollment
• Provided through private insurers
• Funded by premiums and Government subsidies
• Must be enrolled in Part A and Part B
• Provided through private insurers
• May cover additional services
PART
PART
PART
PART
Medical Insurance
Hospital Insurance
Medicare Advantage
Prescription Drugs
1Medicare and OASDI tax is split between the employer and employee 50/502Most retirees will pay $109/month for part B. However, for retirees new to Medicare in 2017, the premium starts at $134
Medicare Overview
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Part A: Hospital Insurance
• $1,340 deductible for each benefit period1
• Days 1-60: $0
• Days 61-90: $335 per day coinsurance
• Days 91+: $670 per “lifetime reserve day”2
Part B: Medical Insurance
• $134 monthly premium3
• $183 deductible per year
• After deductible is met, 20% of Medicare
approved amount for most doctor services
Premiums, deductibles and coinsurance for
Medicare Part C and Part D will vary by plan
1 This is not an annual deductible, but a reoccurring deductible that resets once you have been out of the hospital for 60 days2 Medicare grants you 60 “lifetime reserve” days. Once these are exhausted, you are 100% responsible for costs beyond the 90 day mark3 Starting premium, subject to income. Some individuals may pay a different amount based on their income. Late enrollment may cause the
monthly premium to increase 10%
Deductibles and Coinsurance
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COVERAGE GAP
100% deductible$0 - $405
25% coinsuranceCoverage level ends once you and
the plan have spent $3,7501
35% coinsurance on name brands2
44% coinsurance on generics
• Catastrophic coverage begins once you have
spent $5,000 out of pocket for the year
• 35% coinsurance and 50% manufacturer
discount count towards out-of-pocket expense
• Only the 44% coinsurance on generic brand
drugs count towards the out of pocket expense
1Included $405 deductible2Part D provides a plan benefit of 15% on a name brand drugs. Separately, there is a 50% manufacturers discount
on brand drugs. The net result is a 35% retiree paid coinsurance on brand drugs.
Source: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
The “Doughnut Hole” Coverage Gap
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Mary is retired and has a heart condition requiring a
prescription for a generic drug that costs $500 per month,
or $6,000 annually
Mary pays the first
$405 and meets her
deductible
Mary and the plan spend the next
$3,345. Her coinsurance is $836.25
and she is now in the coverage gap
Mary and the plan spend the
remaining $2,250, leaving Mary with a
$990 coinsurance expense
Mary’s total out-of-pocket expense for the year is $2,231.25
The Coverage Gap Example
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Check with your employer to see if there are any
enrollment rules regarding your plan
Enroll in Medicare three months before your 65th birthday,
even if you don’t intend on claiming SS right away
Failure to do so may result in a late enrollment penalty
Part B penalty is 10% increase in premiums
Part D penalty is 1% multiplied by the “national base
beneficiary” premium ($35.02 in 2018) for each uncovered
month
Source: www.medicare.gov
Remember
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Overview• Origins of Social Security, Medicare,
and other benefits
• The retirement benefit
• Spousal and survivor benefits
Receiving the Benefit• How the benefit is calculated
• Primary insurance amount and
average indexed monthly earnings
• Taking the benefit early
• Taking the benefit late
• Deciding when to take the benefit
Other Considerations• How work affects the benefit
• Taxation of Social Security
Get Started• Creating a “my Social Security” account
• Applying for benefits online
• Documents you’ll need to apply for benefits
Medicare• Overview of Parts A,B,C & D
• Deductibles and coinsurance
• The “Doughnut hole” coverage gap
Course Summary
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For More Information
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LLNL Benefits Office
X 2-9955
Building 543, Room 1216
https://benefits.llnl.gov
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Your feedback is greatly appreciated!
Workshop Evaluation
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Questions