By By Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed.Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed.

What Are the Symptoms of Mental What Are the Symptoms of Mental Illness in Children?Illness in Children?

Symptoms vary depending on the type of Symptoms vary depending on the type of mental illnessmental illness

General Symptoms of Mental IllnessGeneral Symptoms of Mental Illness

Inability to cope with daily problems & Inability to cope with daily problems & activitiesactivities

Changes in sleeping patternChanges in sleeping pattern Changes in eating habitsChanges in eating habits Excessive complaints of physical ailmentsExcessive complaints of physical ailments Defying authorityDefying authority Skipping schoolSkipping school Stealing or damaging properrtyStealing or damaging properrty

General Symptoms Of MI in General Symptoms Of MI in Children (continued)Children (continued)

Intense fear of weight gainIntense fear of weight gain Thoughts of deathThoughts of death HyperactivityHyperactivity Night terrorsNight terrors Persistent disobediencePersistent disobedience Aggressive behaviorAggressive behavior Temper tantrumsTemper tantrums

How is Mental Illness in Children How is Mental Illness in Children Diagnosed?Diagnosed?

Diagnosed based on signs & symptomsDiagnosed based on signs & symptoms Many behaviors that are seen as symptoms – Many behaviors that are seen as symptoms –

shyness, anxiety, strange eating habits and shyness, anxiety, strange eating habits and temper tantrums can occur as normal temper tantrums can occur as normal development.development.

Behavior becomes symptoms when they occur Behavior becomes symptoms when they occur very often, last a long time, occur at an very often, last a long time, occur at an unusual age.unusual age.

How Children are Diagnosed How Children are Diagnosed (continued)(continued)

The physician will begin evaluating by doing a The physician will begin evaluating by doing a complete physical exam, medical history, & complete physical exam, medical history, & lab work..lab work..

Lab work and x-rays may be used to rule out Lab work and x-rays may be used to rule out other conditions.other conditions.

If no physical illness is found the child will be If no physical illness is found the child will be referred to a child psychiatrist or psychologistreferred to a child psychiatrist or psychologist

What is the Prognosis for Children What is the Prognosis for Children With Mental Illness?With Mental Illness?

When treated early children may recover or When treated early children may recover or control their symptomscontrol their symptoms

Some children may become disabled adults Some children may become disabled adults because of a chronic or sever disorderbecause of a chronic or sever disorder

Without treatment children become mentally Without treatment children become mentally disabled adultsdisabled adults

(continued)(continued)

Many people who have mentally illness are Many people who have mentally illness are able to live productive lives.able to live productive lives.

Diagnosis of ChildrenDiagnosis of Children

ADD- Attention Deficit DisorderADD- Attention Deficit Disorder ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactive ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactive

DisorderDisorder Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder DepressionDepression ODD – Opposition Defiant DisorderODD – Opposition Defiant Disorder

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

Phobic DisordersPhobic Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive DisordersObsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Treatment ModalitiesTreatment Modalities

DrugsDrugs

Herbal therapyHerbal therapy

PsychotherapyPsychotherapy

DietDiet

CounselingCounseling

Frequently Prescribed Drugs for Frequently Prescribed Drugs for ChildrenChildren

Concerta – ADHDConcerta – ADHD Ritalin – ADD, ADHD, ODDRitalin – ADD, ADHD, ODD Depakote – Bipolar, manic depressionDepakote – Bipolar, manic depression Depakote Sprinkles - BipolarDepakote Sprinkles - Bipolar Clonazepam - SchizophreniaClonazepam - Schizophrenia Inderal – AggressionInderal – Aggression Lamictal – bipolar features, schizoaffectiveLamictal – bipolar features, schizoaffective

Drugs (continued)Drugs (continued)

Abilify - depressionAbilify - depression Clonidine – behaviorClonidine – behavior Seroquel – anxiety, aggression, hallucinationsSeroquel – anxiety, aggression, hallucinations ZyprexiaZyprexia

** these drugs may be used in conjunction ** these drugs may be used in conjunction with other drugs and may be used to treat with other drugs and may be used to treat adults as well.adults as well.

ElavilElavil TofranilTofranil SinequanSinequan AnafranilAnafranil NorpraminNorpramin PamelorPamelor VivactylVivactyl SurmontilSurmontil

Client has a physiological response to fearClient has a physiological response to fear

The heart may raceThe heart may race

May have chest painMay have chest pain

Shortness of breathShortness of breath

Irrational focus on things Irrational focus on things FlyingFlying WaterWater StormsStorms HeightsHeights Closed in spacesClosed in spaces

Obsessive thoughtsObsessive thoughts

Usually follow through with ritualsUsually follow through with rituals

Usually hand washingUsually hand washing

A complicated illness usually manifested by A complicated illness usually manifested by hearing and seeing things that are not there.hearing and seeing things that are not there.

Treated with Seroquel, Zyprexa, Geodon.Treated with Seroquel, Zyprexa, Geodon.

Supportive Counseling.Supportive Counseling.

Occurs sometimes years after a trauma Occurs sometimes years after a trauma has occurredhas occurred

Car AccidentCar Accident

WarWar

Plane CrashPlane Crash

FlashbacksFlashbacks

NardilNardil

ParnateParnate

PhenelzinePhenelzine

Prozac EffexorProzac Effexor Paxil SerzonePaxil Serzone ZoloftZoloft LuvoxLuvox CelexaCelexa LexaproLexapro WellbutrinWellbutrin DesyrelDesyrel

Eskalith, Lithobid, LithonateEskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate TegretolTegretol DepakoteDepakote LamictalLamictal NeurontinNeurontin VerapamilVerapamil CalanCalan TopamaxTopamax

Thorazine SeroquelThorazine Seroquel Mellaril RisperdalMellaril Risperdal Trilafon GeodonTrilafon Geodon Stelazine AbilifyStelazine Abilify NavaneNavane HaldolHaldol LoxitaneLoxitane MobanMoban ClozarilClozaril ZyprexaZyprexa

Xanax VistarilXanax Vistaril LibriumLibrium KlonopinKlonopin TranxeneTranxene ValiumValium AtivanAtivan SeraxSerax BusparBuspar

Parkinsonism – tremor, stiffness, shufflingParkinsonism – tremor, stiffness, shuffling

Restlessness (akathesia)Restlessness (akathesia)

Muscle Cramps (dystonia)Muscle Cramps (dystonia)

Tardive Dyskinesia (unusual body movements)Tardive Dyskinesia (unusual body movements)

ConstipationConstipation

Urinary slowingUrinary slowing

Ejaculation ProblemEjaculation Problem

Decreased SweatingDecreased Sweating

Dry MouthDry Mouth

Blurry VisionBlurry Vision

Patient sadPatient sad

No energyNo energy

HopelessHopeless

HelplessHelpless

Sometimes suicidal (wants to take his or her own life).Sometimes suicidal (wants to take his or her own life).

Bipolar/Manic Bipolar/Manic Depression (continued)Depression (continued)

Treated with antidepressants: Treated with antidepressants:

1.1. ZoloftZoloft

2.2. Celexa, PaxilCelexa, Paxil

3.3. RemeronRemeron

4.4. Prozac and othersProzac and others

5.5. Also referred to as Unipolar. Also Also referred to as Unipolar. Also treated by supportive counseling.treated by supportive counseling.

Patient’s mood swings from a very depressed Patient’s mood swings from a very depressed state to a very hyper manic state. Often state to a very hyper manic state. Often judgement is impaired; patient may not be judgement is impaired; patient may not be sleeping. May talk very fast and be unable to sleeping. May talk very fast and be unable to focus on any activity. Also referred to as focus on any activity. Also referred to as Bipolar. Treated with mood stabilizers such as Bipolar. Treated with mood stabilizers such as Lithium, Topomax and Depakote; also Lithium, Topomax and Depakote; also supportive counseling.supportive counseling.

Patient suffers from excessive fear Patient suffers from excessive fear or worrying.or worrying.

ConclusionConclusion

When a client is diagnosed, remember to instruct When a client is diagnosed, remember to instruct client/guardian or parent to follow up with what client/guardian or parent to follow up with what was recommended or prescribed.was recommended or prescribed.

observe for unusual sleeping and eating pattern.observe for unusual sleeping and eating pattern. InvestigateInvestigate Report and documentReport and document Document what you observe and your Document what you observe and your

interventionsinterventions Maintain safetyMaintain safety Reassure Client’s safetyReassure Client’s safety

Services:Services:

““Q” ServiceQ” Service Write Policy Manuals for Group HomesWrite Policy Manuals for Group Homes Medication AdministrationMedication Administration Medication Aide (Board of Nursing)Medication Aide (Board of Nursing) Certified Nurse Assistant CourseCertified Nurse Assistant Course Mental Health Hab Tech CourseMental Health Hab Tech Course Mental IllnessMental Illness Seizure ManagementSeizure Management

Services (continued)Services (continued) BoundariesBoundaries

IncidentsIncidents

Blood Borne PathogensBlood Borne Pathogens

Traits of a ProfessionalTraits of a Professional

Care of the Behaviorally Managed AdultCare of the Behaviorally Managed Adult

Developmental DisabilitiesDevelopmental Disabilities

Contact InstructorContact Instructor

Evelyn StoneEvelyn Stone1008 Big Oak Court, Ste F1008 Big Oak Court, Ste F

Knightdale, NC 27545Knightdale, NC 27545Mental Health Group Homes CoalitionMental Health Group Homes Coalition

www.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.comwww.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.comstn-vlyn@yahoo.comstn-vlyn@yahoo.com(919) 266-7050 Phone(919) 266-7050 Phone(919) 266-7052 Fax(919) 266-7052 Fax

Blood Borne PathogensBlood Borne PathogensBy By

Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed.Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed.Mental Health Group Homes Mental Health Group Homes

CoalitionCoalitionwww.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.comwww.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.com

The purpose of the Infection Control The purpose of the Infection Control Program is to:Program is to:

Prevent infection among clients and Prevent infection among clients and staffstaff

Detect any out break of infectionDetect any out break of infection

Ensure the correct effective treatmentEnsure the correct effective treatment

Signs of an InfectionSigns of an Infection

Elevated temperatureElevated temperature Change in vital signsChange in vital signs Complaints of painComplaints of pain LethargyLethargy Change in appetiteChange in appetite Discharge or drainageDischarge or drainage Change in color of affected partChange in color of affected part

Preventing the Spread of Preventing the Spread of InfectionInfection

Hand washing the most effectiveHand washing the most effective

Always remember to turn off the faucet with a Always remember to turn off the faucet with a paper towelpaper towel

Take any special precautions that is neededTake any special precautions that is needed

Take antibiotics as prescribedTake antibiotics as prescribed

Types of InfectionsTypes of Infections

1.1. Viruses – noncurable and curableViruses – noncurable and curable

2.2. Bacteria - TB Bacteria - TB

3.3. Fungi – Athlete’s foot & RingwormFungi – Athlete’s foot & Ringworm

4.4. Aerobic – bacteria that grows with oxygenAerobic – bacteria that grows with oxygen

5.5. Anaerobic – bacteria that does NOT require oxygen Anaerobic – bacteria that does NOT require oxygen

When are standard precaution used?When are standard precaution used?

How are bloodborne pathogens spread?How are bloodborne pathogens spread?

What personal protective equipment is used?What personal protective equipment is used?

What is the most effective means of What is the most effective means of preventing the spread of infection?preventing the spread of infection?

Blood Borne DiseasesBlood Borne Diseases

HIV – Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

SyphyllisSyphyllis

Hepatitis B virusHepatitis B virus

How Does Hepatitis Affect the How Does Hepatitis Affect the Body?Body?

The Bacteria acts on part of the digestive tractThe Bacteria acts on part of the digestive tract

LiverLiver

HIVHIV Spread via bloodSpread via blood

Body fluids with bloodBody fluids with blood

Sexual contactSexual contact

Contact with lesions and woundsContact with lesions and wounds

Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion

Homosexual and heterosexual activityHomosexual and heterosexual activity

Contaminated needle sticksContaminated needle sticks

How to Prevent the Spread of How to Prevent the Spread of Blood Borne DiseasesBlood Borne Diseases

Do NOT recap needlesDo NOT recap needles

Use personal protective equipmentUse personal protective equipment

Refrain from multiple partners & get testedRefrain from multiple partners & get tested

Use the BIOHAZARD CONTAINERS to dispose Use the BIOHAZARD CONTAINERS to dispose

of blood products and wasteof blood products and waste

Proper clean up of blood spillsProper clean up of blood spills

How is TB spread?How is TB spread?

Why is TB screening necessary?Why is TB screening necessary?

TB is a curable disease when treated with TB is a curable disease when treated with medication.medication.

Signs of TBSigns of TB

Night sweatsNight sweats

FeverFever

Coughing up bloodCoughing up blood

FatigueFatigue

Poor appetitePoor appetite

TreatmentTreatment

INHINH

PyrodoxinePyrodoxine

6 months to 12 months6 months to 12 months

Get Blood tested as prescribedGet Blood tested as prescribed

ConclusionConclusion

Remember to wash your handsRemember to wash your hands Before eatingBefore eating After going to the bathroomAfter going to the bathroom Before providing care to clientsBefore providing care to clients After handling contaminated materialsAfter handling contaminated materials Wash hands at least 15 secondsWash hands at least 15 seconds Turn off the faucett with paper towelsTurn off the faucett with paper towels

ServicesServices

Other classes:Other classes:

Med Aide *** NCBONMed Aide *** NCBON

Mental Health Hab tech ** (80 hours)Mental Health Hab tech ** (80 hours)

Culture DiversityCulture Diversity

AutismAutism

SchizopreniaSchizoprenia

Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

ContinuedContinued

Care of The Mentally Behavioral ClientCare of The Mentally Behavioral Client IncidentsIncidents How to Write Your Policy ManualHow to Write Your Policy Manual CNA *** (80 hours)CNA *** (80 hours) Seizure ManagementSeizure Management Medication Transcription, Administration, &Medication Transcription, Administration, &

DocumentationDocumentation

Services (continued)Services (continued)

““Q” Training & FormsQ” Training & Forms IncidentsIncidents AutismAutism Developmental DisabilitiesDevelopmental Disabilities Client AbuseClient Abuse ADDADD ADHDADHD

Contact InstructorContact Instructor

Mental Health Group Homes CoalitionMental Health Group Homes Coalitionwww.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.comwww.qprofessionalmentalhealthservice.com

Email: stn_vlyn@yahoo.comEmail: stn_vlyn@yahoo.com

1008 Big Oak Court1008 Big Oak CourtKnightdale, NC 27545Knightdale, NC 27545

Phone (919) 266-7050 Phone (919) 266-7050 Fax (919) 266-7052Fax (919) 266-7052