STATE OF WASHINGTON Department of Conservation and Development

D. A. SCOIT Director

DIVISION OF GEOLOGY S. SHEDD, Supervisor

BULLETIN No. 26 (Geological Series)

Underground Water

Supply Of the Region About White Bluffs

and Hanford

By OLAF P. JENKINS

OLY MPIA.

FllA"N'K )if. T ... AMBORN ~ P UBLIC PRTNTY.R

1922

DEP AR'J.;MENTAL ORGANIZATION

DEPARTMENT OF CONS11:RVAT ION AND DEVELOPMEN'l'

D. A. ::;COTT. Directo,· Oly rn piit

FREJJ ·w. A.G ATZ. ,Assistant D il·ector Olympi>,

DIVISION OF WATER RESO URCES

:VIAR\'TN ( 'HA :-E, S 11 ver v iSOI' Oly m pia.

DIV ISION OF RECLAMATION

DIVISION OF COLUMBIA BASIN SURVEY TV.AN K GOODKER, C h-icf M11gineer

DIVISION OF FORESTRY

I?. g, PA PE. SttJJerviso1· Ol ympi:L

DIVISION 01'" GEOLOGY

:'-. ~n l~DI) . ,'<llf)('l'Viito,·

Pullma n

DIVISION OF COLUMBIA BASIN SU RVEY

P RED A. A DAMS, ,'i1t/Je1·viso1· !-;pokAne

LETTER OF TRAN MITTAL

li on . D . .A. , 'rot!, DirPcfor, D <'parlm r,nf' of Co11sr·1Tal ion ancl D evPlopmr>nt, Olymvia, W(l .-;hin,q/ 011 :

Srn : I am transmitting herewith the manu. ci-ipt of a repor t on tll0 Unclcrgl'ouncl WatP1' Supply of tb0 Region

About vYbite Bluffs and Hanfo rd. r:rhis work was done

.:1t your r equest in order to l1clp determine the selection

0f tracts of land, for soldie r settlement, where irrigation

is p ossi Lile.

On. accoun t of the somewhat general character 0f this ,,·ork and in the bope that it may be of value in helping

to solve similar problems in otbcr locali ties, I suggest that it be published as a Bulletin of the Di,·isiou of

Gcoloi:ry.

College Station, Pullman, Apri l 26, 1922.

Yours respcctf ully,

' . SHEDD,

8i1pervisor of Oeoln.r;y.

TABLE <}F' ONTJDNTS.

/ ' (tf/ C [:>,;THOIH' t TI OX . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • . . . • • • . • . . . • . . . • • • • . . . • . • • . . . • • . . . . 7

Pu rpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Conclus ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Condit ions ............... .. . ......... . .... . ................. . Source oE data............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Explanation of the ma1J ... . . ................ . .. . .. . . . ..... . ... IO

GEOT..OOl('.\I , Fl-:A1'll lH: !s .................................. . .......... 12

Descri ption or the geological formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Geological bistor r ............................. . .............. 15

TuE \\/ ,, n:1t TAIJLE . . .................. . ..... ....... . . . . • .. • .. .. . . ]6 Tabu lation or well data ............ . ............ ...... ....... 16

Expla nation and reliabili t.v or the data .................... 1 G Tabulated clata of the wells about Wbite Bluffs a nd Hanfo rd . 18

Remarks ................ . ........................... 21 Example of replenisbruent. . ... . ........ . . . ..... . ... . . 22

Log oC weJI d r il led at R ingold . .. . . ...... .. ...... . ..... . ... 22 Rema1·ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:3

Log of fi rst a rtes ian well near Cold Creek .... . ............ 2:1 Remarks ........ .. ..... . ............... . .. . ......... 24

Interpretation or data ................ . . ......... . ............ 26 F luctuation of the water table ... . .... . ..... . ........ . .. . ..... 28 Floor of Lhe g round water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Seepages a nd flow ing springs on the bank of tbe Columbia River 30

SOUR('~: (W T 111>: U N11 ~: 11t:HOUX I) 'iVAn: rt. ....... , ... , ..... . .......... , . :]2 P r incipa l suppl~· .......... . ........... . ... .... ...... ....... . . 32. Secondary s up1>ly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 LocaJ stl ll (l l )' .. . ............................ . ..... . ....... . .. . :::2 Possible supply.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

llECO ~I )I EX ll,\Tl ()Xi; . •...•..••.. . ............•..••••. , • • . • . • • . • . • • . ::14

Location of water wells for i1'rigatioo .. . ......... . ........... . . 34 Up-keep or the wells .... . ............. . .. . . . ... . . . .. .......... 35

ILLUSTRATIONS.

P/afe. f'CIUC

I. Map o[ White Blu ffs-Hanford District, showing Features relat-ing to underground water supply . ........... . . . . . . .. In pocket

II a. The Columbia River at China Bar, showing the kind of g ravel into which much of the wate l' of the ri ver soaks ........ . ... 14

11 b. D ischa rge of grou nd water into an a l'm of the river. One ol' t he springs in Sec. 23, T. 13, R. 27 E .............. . ........ 1~

Ill a. An exposure of sand a nd g ravel near Coyote Rapids. Th is is the sor t or materia l th rough which the ground waler or the region passes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

III b. Water being pumped from well i\O. 60 by electric power .. .... 25

Fi{J!ll'I',

1. Cu rves com paring consunwtion of irrigation watel' lo r ise of water in Columbia R iver . 1920 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... 29

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE

An i1wcstiga tion of the underground water supply of the region about vVl1ite Bluffs and Hanford was urnde in order to a scer tain the p ermanency an(l s ufliciencr of this supply for tl1 e lam1s of the di. trict, rclati\·c to the Soldie r Land Settlement Project. The results of the work arc presented in this r epod and it is hopetl t hat they will be of value in. the future d evelopment of tb is r egion. Besfr1es, tl1 e gcologic.:al principlC's im·oh·ed i11 tlti · s tnclr mar be appli etl to mauy other r egions locn ted in similar positions aloug- th e ancient flood plai ns of the C'olu111bia RiYCl'.

LOCATION

The to"·11s of Hanford and ·white Bluffs a rc located on an auci<'nt and extensive allu\·ial llood plain of the

•olumbia River on the jns ide of a sharp b end in tliis rfrer 30 or 40 miles nortlt iu a s traight line from K ennC'­wick, i11 the northern corne r of B enton County. A.HlwugL th ese towns are generally reached by stage from :Kenne­wick, a urnnch line of the Chicago, _:\Lilwaukce and SL Paul Railroad C);tencls south from Bc\·erl.v, which is on the ruai11 line, to Hanford.

CO~CL USTONS

From th is study T have come to the following cou­c1 usions:

l. rrha t the principal source of the unucrground wate r of tltis region is the Columbia Rinir.

Z. That the allu\'ial gTaYols of tl1 e district arc probably supplied with water principally during the t im e ·when th o r iver is at its highest level.

3. T liat the rfrcr probably charges the alhn-ial g raYels with water principally in the region west of Vilhite Bluff· and probably above Coyote Rapids.

8 Bidletin No. 26, Division of Geology

4. That such a source iusures the suffici e11cy and permanency of the -water .·upply desired by those who -wish to secure water for irrigation purposes by means of pumping from wells .

5. That the water tabl e will probably not be lowered materially by local pumping for irrigation.

6. That the migration or seepage of water through the sands and gra ,·els of the dis trict takes place fa irly

rapidly. 7. That the floor upon which the allu\'ial gravels

rest is probably composed of clay or shale and fine sand similar to that material in the 'White Bluffs aero: the river, aud in some places basalt, similar to that on Gable Mou11tai11.

8. Tha t th o water table is at it. · highest mark when the irrigation need is greatest, and is at its lowc." t mark in winter t ime.

9. That the depth, to water, in a well in this region depends upon the height of the general water table at 1-1 given t ime and upon the ele,;-a tion of the surface "·here the well is to be dug.

10. 'rliat the Hanford I nigat-ion D iteh a ffccts only ]oca1ly the height of the water table by raising- it in r egions where the ditch leaks.

CONDITIONS

According to the plan of the State Solcli_cr S0ttlcmcmt Project, each tract of land sllould be 20 acres in s i;,;c aml should he pro,·i<led with a well for irrigation purpose.·, with a pump adequate in size to clcliYer ·water from t li e well to meet the demands of the entire tract. These lands under consideration are shown on the accompany­ing map.

The Consumers' Ditch Company r eports that the amount of water they d elivered per acre ornr the entire season of 1920 was 49.72 inches . The amount of water

Cudergrounrl Wafer Supply

11 0t'<kcl, ll owe\· t- r, nnies wi th each imli\·iclual c<1se. lt is said that o+ ncrc inl'lws would be snfficil·n t fo1· any case. Tlie irriga tion period i from A pril 1st to Octobt> r :n st, bu t the g reat dernam1 is during- .J nl~· and August, wlic11 the u ·e would equnl 9G to 1 :2G acre incbes if co11tinucd at tli flt rate ovN tl1c w Ji 0 10 SC' .1 son.

For a 20-ac re t ract, the tL'l' of n +-i11clt pump has b C('ll

Tecomm<> u<lcd, d0signed fo r :125 galkrns 1w r minut e, with a total bead or -W feet, a n<l <'onnectecl din•ctly to a f5 horse-power motor.

rriw. c da tu ~hould .~i,·e sonw itka of lite supply of underground wa tc r 1wcessa 1·y to Uleet the dcmn ncls of the project.

SOURCE OF DATA

A large• arnounl of working- mate rial was Rupp1iec1 the writ<.'r by :\fr. D. S. ·wilki11son of ,\'hi te Bluffs aml Mr. Charles r.1. Sanford of Hanford. This consisted of well da ta, a detailed topographic rnap of the mo.-t important part of th<' region not co,·cr ecl by tlw maps of tile U. S . Geological S u1Tcy, aucl s tn tistica1 informat ion l'Cganling the fluctuation of the rfrer 1c,,el, and tl1 c n1rying amounts of water used by the Consumers ' ni tclt Cornpany of tha t r egion. Iu addition to this matc ri:-11 a considerable c1mot111 t of miscelhmeou.- data \\'H S secured with the help cf th<.'sc t\\'o gentlemen, who alf.io a. sis tc:d Yery materiall~ in the mcasurcmcmt of the depth of tl1 e wells and the depth of the wa ter ·1eYel in each of the aece ·. iblc wells of the r egion. \Ye Yi sitcd 1 0 \\'ells , but +7 of these we were unable to sound. In only one or two cases are the recorded sotmdi11gs not ou r own.

Tlw published matetial concerning thf' r <'gion under di scussion cons i. 'ts of the fo llowi.ng : Kocher and Strahorn: Soil Sur ve~, of Ben ton County, Wash . U. S.

Dept. of Agr icul tu re. 1919. Topogra1>hic Maps or tile U. S. Geol. Survey: Coyote Rapids Quadrangle

and P r iest Rapids Quadrang le.

10 Bulletin No. 26, Division of Geology

Merriam and Bnwalda: Age of Strata Referred to tbe E llensburg Formation in lbe White Bluffs of the Columbia River. Univ. of Calif. Pub!., Bull. of the Dept. of Geo!., Vol. 10, No. 15. Pll.

255-266. J 917. Campbell, M. R.: Guidebook or the Western Uni ted Slates. Pa r t A,

Tbe Northern Pacific Route. U. S. Geo!. Survey, Bull. 611. 1915. Waring, Gerald A.: Geology and Water Resources of a Portion or

South-Central Washington. U. S. Geol. Sur., Water-Supply Paper No. 316. 1913.

Calkins, F rank C.: Geology and Water Resources of a Portion of Eas t­

Central Washington. U. S. Geo!. Sur., Water-Supply and Irr. Paper No. 118. 1905.

Russell. I. C.: A Geological Reconnoissance in Central Washington. U. S. Geo!. Sur., Bull. 108. 1893.

EXPLANATION OF 'rHE MAP

The map which i s included in t l1 is r eport has been compilPd from several sources of information. ~rho mor e detailed portio11, the eastern half, was taken from a map prepared by tli e Hanford Inigatio11 Projec1, orip:inall~· <.lrawn for the purpose of showing soil cla R!'- i­:fi catiou. The r est of tlic map was compiled from topo­graphic shee ts of the l,'"nited States G(•ological Survey ( •oyotc Rapids ,rnd Pries t Rapids quaclnrnglcs) and the Soil Su n ·ey of Benton County, jssucd hy the (Tnitcc1 S tates Department of Agriculture . Other maps from whi<·h data wen, obtained w ere supplied also from the information g-11tl1e red by the Hanford Irrigation and Po\\'N Co. Tlte location of the wells wa8 made h~· ?\ I 1·.

Charles JI. Sanford, while t he d epths of the wells were sounded by )lr. Sanfotd and Mr. D. S. vVilkiw,;on, work­ing togctl1Pr ·with the writer. The clen i tion of tlt c sur­face o:f each well was obtained through rough 0omputn­tion from the po.- ition of the well r elati\'e to the contours dn-nn1 0 11 the original maps. Th <' number s of the well s haYc been taken arbitrarily for r eference. All data C'on­ccrning the elevation or depth of the water level in the ·wells, on the surface of the river, and on the surffl ce of the seepages, were taken during the same in ter n,] of

U11clergrow1cl Water Supply 11

t ime, namely, betwee11 October 19th and October 26th. so that a fa ir compari son is thus made in the interpr<: ta­tion of the po:ition of the " ·ater table in reference to river elen1 ti 011.

Ther e is .-111 incom;istc11cr in the map in relation to contour i11tcrntls, owing to a cl iffer e11 t source of ('Ompi lcd data. In the ,,·cstc rn portion of thi map 25-foot contour s arc rl'cordcd, whereas to t ltc east, 10-foot con tour· han• been clra wn. It is thought that thi s infonnnt ion, though i t docs not tie propc rl:r a cr oss the n1cqJ, is of vr1luc in tile considera tio11 of th e problem a s a whole.

The locations on the map of th<• settlement land~ under consideration \\'l're obtain ed tl n ring the time the 6elt1 work was done, aml it iR probable tlley ma~· be chnnged after fm-thPr co11sidcration of the projl'ct.

c+t•ological fcntnres, s0c11rcd through Dl'ltl work, "re also rc•1n·<>sc11iecl 0 11 tltc rna p. The fo rmations are dt>-1 i ncatc•d by conbict Jin es which a r c dniwn on tlH' nrnp. Til e pri11cipal fonnaiio11s are : (1) th e basalt whi<·h makes up the 11011-inigablc hi gh h ills of lill' di s­trict; (2) tlw lakP bed fo rmation wl1i ch is 0xposed out­side of tlte particu l::i r area under con. iclNa t ion, but which probably m1derlics tl1c g nwels of the district; (:3) the old ri,-er flood plain of s11ncl and grnvcl rnatcri~tl, upon which the laud;:; nnder <'onsidcrat io11 arc locc1ted .rnd in which the wells a r p dug; and (-1-) tli0 present ri,·cr lwd which is c0Ye1·c<1 comp lctelv n t high wa (er lc,·cl.

'l1hc lines showing· the axes of an anticline and a 8rncl inc in the b.-1 ,1lt arc of' interest onlr in con 11(•ct ion with tll<' gener al struetu rc of th0 ha: alt and the positi<rn of tlw n r tcs ian wells thus r elated. 'l'hc n11ticlinc is :1

g r eat arch i11 the ba ·HH la~·c r. Tl1e syucline is a strnc­turnl frougl1 ( 11 ot necessa rily topographical ) aVrn in the basalt.

Gl£0LOG1CAL :H'EATL:H.1£S

DESCR IPTLO:'\ OF THE GIWLOGlCAL l~ORi\iATI ONS

A long ridge of basa lt, nrnuing in an east ,rn<l west di rcctio11, cxte11ds f rom the south s ide of tl1 e r iYc1· at Prie. t Hc1pids toward. Hanfonl It is CO\'(• red jn i ts

very lowe t part , or saddles, by thi old flood plain of alluvium so that prominent peak such a Gable BnUe and the sharp ridge lutown a· Gable )lountain stand out as great islands in this e~d cn. iYe tlesc rt-likc area. The

ba.'alt layer · ,rhich make up the ·e ridge.- hare been tilted from their original hori zo11tal positio11.· to \'arious angles and 110w, i11 some l)laccs, s tand nea rly· on end. Th , basa lt rock. comprise the oldest fo nna tio11 exposed in the r egion.

Un the ca. tel'll side of the ri n~r arc hi 0 ·h hln ffs of au C\·cnly s trn tified sccl imcnta r~, fon na t io11 composed of clays, tine s ilts, nml sand. The uppermost hiycrs, tbos0 wh ich compri.·c most of the bluff, arc lying iu a Oat or 110.ri.zoutal po iti 01 1. B eneath them, exposed ill a more limtte<l area, arc sc<limeutary beds sOU1cwlt1-1t similar to t l1 e horizontal layers in content, but whi<.:11 arc t ilted steeply and are onrlain unconformably by the' la ter ftat­lyiug bedded format ion. All these sediments represent deposition in lakes. The lower beds r ep resent an older lake deposit whose age is p r obably the same a s tha t of t he ba. alt, lrn ~·ing been thrnwn into fo lds simila r to those of the basalt. Tile upper ho rizontnlly ]~ring lake beds, whose white escarpment has suggested the name " '\Vl1i tc Bluffs", a rc much younger in age but arc older than tho g raY0ls of the gr eat 1·iYer plain. In places nea r the foot of the bluffs, exposures g i vc proof Urn t these ri ve r ~raYcl~ o\·crli e the lake be<l formation, thus proving the r cla t i\·c age of the fo rmations.

The great deltaic allm·ial plain ex tends from the river en the cast to the foot of t il e Rattlesnake Hill s on the

Underg round Water Sitpply 13

west, along tl1 e line from Chiua B a r at the north lo a sharp hcnd in th0 Yakima HiYcr a t the outh, to,\"ard Richland. Duri11g the close of tbc ~facial p eriod the Columbia Rfre r must h..txe carried a \'ast amount of wa t e r , together wit l1 c:111 immense load of sand and gTa ,·el. It appears that the river ente red this r egion after pass­ino• t hrOlwh a narrow .o·oro·c ( Saddle }lounta in m1d :-, n M :""'I

Pri0st Rap ids), and d ischarged or . p rcad out 0 \ '<'1' thi wider di strict which had been fo1·merl y an old lake bed. 'J1he rive r, thus slackc1wcl in its speed at t hi · pof-:ition, deposited a large pa r t of its t rcrncncl ous loHcl of gTa vd and smicl. The Yari ous cour ·cs which the ri,·c r took nr0 c,ident O\'er tl1is area in t he fo rm o f Long channels, or dcpr0ssed a r ea· in the allu,·ium, running from west to east. One old chai111 el of the Columbia RiYcr ap pears to ha ,·c bt't'U on the weste rn edge of this tenitory and e,·i­de11 t l>' took the c·ourst• which tl10 Yakima Hi n r now takes from c1 poin t in its sl1arp b end at TJ1e H orn to the p lace where it uow enters the prc::w nt Columbia Hi,·er. A11-otber old conspicuous cha1111 el occurs ou tl1 c.• south aud CHSt side of Uabl e -:\fountain. In i ts lo\\'Ost point there 1s

a spring whicl1 is said to flow during- tlie tirnc of the yPa r wlwn the ri n r is hig-lie r tlic111 it was when this im·cstiga­t i.011 was made. The cle\'ation of tl1 c position of thi s s pr ing is 400 fee t , which is a ]i ttle higl1 cr than tlH• water table was found to be at tha t t inw, nml that fad probably accotml~ fo r the spring not issning \\'h r n the rive r is low.

'r li e present 1·i,cr grnvcl bars, <>Yer which the ri\'C1 r (lows a t its highes t poin t, r c•pr0seHt thC' ? Otrngest porti ou of tl1<• more extcnsiYe and okler floo,1 plain. .All these g ra"els and sands ar c ,·cr y coarse, all(l tbc in te rstice.· bct\\'PC'n tl1 c boulder ' arc forge. Thus the g round wa t er may pass through th i.s ma teri,11 reacl ily.

Although this und erg round ·wate r docs Hot t ran>l in open chmmcls, the re may he, ho\\'c,·c·r, cer tain areas in which coarser materi al oecurs and through \\'lii eh t\1 c

14 Bidlef'in Ao. 26, Division of Geology

1)11'1SIO N OP G&O LOGY B U l, LETIN No. 2(,. P L ATE I l.

"· TIie Columbia R i ver at China B,i1-, show ing the kind or g ravel into whic h m11 C'll or the water oc the river soaks.

b. Disc ha rge of i.:rou rHl water i nto un arm of til e ri ver. One of the springs in ~ec. 23, T. 13. H. 27 E.

Cndllrgrowul Watn Supply 15

w<1ter would thus pass more rapidly. Tt is quite poss ible, ther efor e, fo r the g round wat<' r tn be m or e abuuclant iu certain places than iu others.

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY

The extcnsi,·c lake dt>pos its of silt, clay and firn: :nn<.l, r cprcscnt<•cl in the north bluffs of the river , wer e prob­ably formed before the glncial period. The older of tlw two lake bed fo rma tions, t'xposed in tltis cscarp1n(•11 t, is knff,vn as the B fle11slmr9 for111alioJ1 of :11 ioce11 c age, while th e y ounge r flat-ly ing beds compri se the Ri11.q11ld for111aiiu11 of la te Pliocene or early P leis tocene age. T l1e ronnger of the two lakes ·was formed probably IJ~· th t' damming of the former Columbia H i,·e r by ea rth d is­turbances which caused east-" ·es t folds in the ha alt series to he thrown across this drainage system. rnw. c fo lds arc clearly exposed , s uch a s th.-1 t along tl, c, c-011-

tinn:1 tion of th(' 1·idg0 of ,,·hich Gable Monntaiu forms n s(•g-mc11 t, and the ridge kll o,rn as the Hnttlcsnak,, IIill i-.. The la lrn \\'as undoubtccll.,· ch a ined and a new ri,·cr course 0sh1b]ished, cutting- throngb these sed iment. , l,0fon, tl1t• great ice sheet to the 11orth was formed. This ice sli(' t>t la ter caused Uie Columbia R iYer to tnl«> ,l cli ff('r e11 t <·ourse b~r wa~, of the Grand Coulee and til e chanucl now known a · Crab Creek. Af te r th0 ice melted, the Colurnl>in R.i,·0r resumed its fomwr position, approximatc•lr, a11cl e,·i­d e11tly was filled with H tremendou amount of wate r and sed iment \\'liich cHusc<J the action in the forn 1c1 tion of th e delb-1i c flood plain.

The g-rav<•l ol' the alltn-ial phlin therefor e onrli es not only th e basalt, a that \\'lti ch forms Gable :1[ou11 ta in, but it overlies th e lake bed deposits. The floo r of the g ran•l is thus a quite impervious materi a l, compo. r d largel)· of clay. 1, llis also ser,·es as the fl oo r of the g;rou11cl \\'1l tP r

of this region.

THE WATER TABLE

TAB ULA'T'lON OF WELL DATA

Explanat ion aricl n:liability of the clata . The numbers in the first column of the li t which follows have been a rbitrarily taken for r ef erence to the wells. In the sec-

ond column, the names refer to the owners of the '..vclls or to the uame of the property on which the well is located. The next three colunms are grouped together as "w0ll location" and arc given together as an index to the finrling of the well in reference to the: map ( section, township. and range). 11he next two columns are de­voted to the depth to the bot tom of the well and !he depth to the surface of the water iu ilw well. ·w11 er cvcr hoth tl1 ese fig ures are givcu this informa tion was obtained by lowering a som1ding line in the wen it ·elf and measuring tho di s tance from the surface to the bottom and from the s urfaee to tlte lc,·el of tl1 e ,,·a ter. These data wer e col­lected in the fi eld during- October ] 9 to October 26, ] 921 . ·wher e tlte depth to water is not gi,,en the well was not Round ed, excepting in one or two cases "·her e :,mtli c11tic jnformatiou wa ;.; obtained.

In the aext three columns arc o·iyen the elen1tion in fret above .. ea level. In tl1 e firs t of th cs0 the cle,·a ti on of the surface of the ground at tlte location of tltc well has been computed from topographic nrnps. 'rhe fig ure.· in the s0concl column of this seri es kwe been obtained by subtracting the depth to water level in the well front tlte elevation of the surface of the µ;round . The third column of this . cries r efe.rs to the elen1tion of the level of the river at a point nearest the location of the well. It has beeu computrcl from two elevations-one nt Coyote Rapids and the other at Hm1ford Sub-s tation- taking into acount the general g nidual fall of the river from the upper point to the lO'wer. Thus, the elevation o:f the

L'nderground TV((f l'r 1 'upply ]7

wnkl' table g iv('ll iu the second column of' this seri es cnn he compan•c1 to thP clcYati o11 of the nenrc:-;t point in the l'i V(1 l'.

The next colnm 11 , marked'' Do. Ol' lrr ," ref1•rs to th,1 words clo111Pstic or irriqation. fo t lw first en e it is nwant that. the \H.111 il-5 u.-ed fm· don1 e. t ic purposes, and in tho . (•ccnd for irrigat ion. In the C'O lu11111 cnlitlc,d ,. \run Size" the fi!{Ul'C'R l'C'fr l' to fed, ('X(·epti11g- those \\'hid1 nre indi<.:ah•d (" ). Follo\\'i11g- this c:oh111111 i:-: llll'.!

1trnrkccl "(Pls. Per :\lin .. " whic-l1 U1Nll1S _qa!luns 71er 11,iuule

and r efers lo the alllOlmt or "·afrr which i:-: generally p 11111pc0 d during tlw surn111er months from the well. Tho la ·t co lumn, culit l<->tl "Acr :-;.,". hows t he nmnbt•1· of neres \\'Htcrcd by l!i c i1Tigation wt'lls.

The blank spc1ccs whi<'l1 nre lef't in tlri~ tc1blt• han• been left hlnnk bccnusc 110 accu ra te clatri wen• p rocnred.

The most important feature• of tlti . lahlc is that tl1i:-; i11for111ation concern ing the \\'atc r "·itlii11 the.• wells ha::; been obtained during H g in'n time, ancl any fu rtlwr in­fo nm1 tio11 which mar laler be obtc1i11P<l conce rning the "·ater le\'cl cannot lw i.11cludl'cl in tlri. list without C' liang­iug it::; meaning. rrlrnt is to ::;ay, the \\'atcr ta ble, or elcrntion of the wa ter lcYel wi thin the welli;; , fluctuatp.· from time to t im<' so that an elcYation of tl 1c "·nh•r lc,·el i11 ouc well mus t be cornpare<l to tuat in .mother " ·ell dul'ing U1e same interrn l. of lime. Al o, the <.'l<·\'a(ion of tli e ri,· l' l' must b<' co111pa1·ed to the 01<.•\'ation or tli 0

water tnble during tile same ill te1T1:1l.

18 Bidleti11 No. 26, Div1ision of Geology

TABULATED DAT A OF WELLi- ABOUT Wl·HTI:; BLU FFS AND HANFORD

No. N ,\1,1£ '-'"e ll I A1iproxl 111atc

_ T,o:~ D~1Jth ro J<:12,·utlon of

Sec. T . H. Bot. \\'tr. Sur. W tr. Hlver - --------·I----

l B. P. Pu~ch ~n . . ... . SF. Hi 13 2 .\. \\ThQeler . ........ ~E 15 13 3 11. Hir gle . .. ...... . .. S\\" 1i'i 13 4 ll. Salvini ........... SE 15 13 5 _F. E. Oll~mau ....... SW 15 13 6 o. W. Johnston ..... XR Hi 13 7 C. Snyclrr ...... . .. . XW Hi 1a

'L. T. Brooks ........ KW13 13 0 Hchool . .. .... . ...... KE 16 13

10 .f. Will~ .. ......... . KF.16 13 11 J. Wille ..... . ...... NE 16 13 12 H. Drown .......... SE 9 13 13 .Jar ."mith SW 1~ 13 H D. C. Buckholclt ..... IS\\' 15 13 15 E. Grani ........... K\Y:!'l 13 16 P. n. Hicks ......... xw22 13 17 'I'. 11. B•oth .. ... ... SF. 22 13 1s <:. lleeg ... .. . .. .... . Sr: 2-2 1a rn <:. Hnrt .... . . .. . . .. s ~: 22 13 20 Hoh. Nl,·ho l~ .. ... . .. 8E 22 13 21 II" . R. Atln 111so11 ....• S1Y 2:J 13 2'! .J. F. Conkle . .. . •. • . $ \\' 23 13

2-1 R. II" . ~frDounell .... S\\' 2;! 13 2-5 H . F.. Purington .. .. SF. Z:J 13

9- I _, 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 2i 27 27 27 27 27. 27 27 27 27 27 r; 27 2i

Z.'l IL \\". ~ll·D011.t1"II •.. .

1

'S\\' 2:l 13

20 u. F.. llurro n l. .. .. . . NF. 23 13 -n r; J,. H . ('lnrk ....... . . SF. 2:J J:l 27 2o 0 . D11re1,.-io SF. 21 I:! 27 2H \\"' . H. \V!J ltli1t"lnr .... XE 20 13 27 :30 ,f , JI. ('lark . ... , . .. . INF. 21i 11! 27 :II .f . E. ~: v" tl. ........ . N\\'2(1 13 27 3-.! A . f; , Evett . . . .. . ... NE 20 13 27 3:! N. P. Anglin . . .... . .. NE 26 13 'n !l4 .\. 811111,sou . . . .. .... XF. 20 1:1 27 35 G. )kCo nn achic .• . • :<E 26 13 27 3H .\. Mr l'onn,wh le .. .. SE 20 1:1 2; 37 .1. M11co 1111,•r sw2:; 13 rt 38 C'. 1,. )lc·maug ltliu . S\\' 2,; 13 27 89 )I . W. G ro~s ... .. . ... NE 3(1 1:3 27 40 .\I. W . Gross .. . .. ... NE :l(; 13 27 ,n .1. o. fiy fTorrl. ....... NW:l(; 13 27 42 <1. 'I'. Shl\•los ... . ... . 1'~: :JG 13 -n ,13 .f n h n 111.a r k l<•r . . .... IS\\' 2:i JS 27 H l'. llol11h ... . . ..... , N \\"31 13 Z,, 45 W, 1:1, Ro l11h . .. .. ... N\\'31 If! 2~ 4v c . I\". s1on11 . . ....... XW31 1:l 2-~ 47 ll. C'. Boo t. ......... N\\'31 13 2 4S l '. 1;. Boo t. . . ..... .. IN1n1 13 2~ 40 .John Loson . . ...... XW81 13 2.~ liO \'\' . .'. Wchher ...... S\\'31 13 28 ;;1 ( '. K l.lrir;g~ ... ... . .. $ \\' 3 1 13 :l8 52 w. F. Morrison .... . SW 31 13 2, S:J Il11rk \\' h el1111 ....... NF. G 12 28 54 Mark \\'lwlnn .. . .. . . ~E fl "1 2 2~ :,.r, A. ~t~r•h'.;'n~oo . ... .. ~\\~:l:? 13 :!.~ ii6 ILK Bo l0 . .. . ..... .. SE 21; 13 27 57 .\. H. Znn ~ .... . ..... 1\"E W 13 2i 58 l '. nurt:gfo N r,: ·1toi 13 '1.i r,•, .\ . 1\·. Ely . . . ... .. ... Kf: 211 13 27 1;0 ,J. JI. J"l<>Veu n ·e . .... S F. 17 13 27

22~ 16

20 3i 41 40 41 36

82 211 2A)

H 3,1 25 26~

34 35

46 (12

61 ., . ti. Dr \ "rurw . . . .. i-m 1i 13 17 ..... . .. ... . 62 F . W • unr r ..... . .. .. NF. 22 13 20 I 63 A. r. n •II . .. . ... ... .. . SW O 13 2i fH \\"111. K: rr ..... . .... . IS\\' n 1:l 27 05 I,, C. :Krug .......... S W O 13 2,

20 41 10 :icn

31'5 3"9 3!~3 3'-JO 3S5 390

3i 2 370 360 :m

:19'2 37:; 300 3H 31)-2 """ 391 ..... . 31-0 ..... . 300 :!iO 40! 3il ~JO 369 410 3i0 m 3,0 401 3(J.:; 400 ... .. . 401 ... .. . 4():, 3ill -10,; :)()!) 406 !if" 410 &~• 40i 370 ,I()() 81,0 :im,t 3iH 41 0 367 41 2 . .... . 401 :3(ic; .fl:! 36!) -100 3'i-O 4 11 ..... . 40!l . .. .. . 410 ... .. . 401 . . . . . . 400 36,~ 3!l0 370 :J!)j 3<;11 :JO(I . . .... ·10~ SG, ,l(lfl . .. .. . -1-15 3i1 H 3 am :J.-1) 36.J :11)1 365 !l04 .... .. 3()1; :i,;2 3!1~ :{6.1 .,o;; ..... . 39/l .. ... . 400 ..... . 110 3()3 4:lO? 31JO? 402 3;,2 3S() 3-"~) 1()3 • " •• • 410 374 363 ... ... H O 311-1 rn2 am 4 Ill ... .. . 4110 . ... . . :Jl)I 376 :~12 ~.n 300 374

fJO. or I rr.

I D I D D [

D D D I 1 D I l I D D I)

D I ( r I 1) D I r D D l) D D D D D 0 n 0 D I D n n 1)

n D D 1)

D n l) n ! TJ l D l D l [

n D D D I)

W ell Size

7xi 12'' 2-l" 4x4 4x4 6x6 4x4 4x4 1""

4x4 4x4 6xG 6x6 4x5 12" 12''

a~x3~ :1x4 (>Xtl

iJ~xr,t Gx5 4x5 4X5 12"'' GxG GxG 3.~4 12" ., 4X4 12'' 4X4 3x4 12"' 4x4 12'' 3 X4

4x4 ~·,

4x 4 141

'

4x4 4x4 4X4 4 .~4 12" 12"' S"

16" 5x5

( l'ls. r>er

.\lln.

250 2)

2011 10 !JI'.,(\ 20 100 10

Jij . . .. . 2:,0 • . " . 25(1 • • • • •

I a 21:; 11

420 .. . . .

3., ~~1 ~ : : : : : : : : : . . ...... :12,; ••.• •

Gxv 400 . .. . . l,xS 1100 . . . . .

5x:; 30'' 3x4 3x4

No.

CAI

Underground Water Supply

TABULATt,;O DATA OF 'YELLS .\BOL.T \\.Hl1'J•: BLl'FFS .\NI) HAXl~UHI) - C'onlinued .

X.UJF. \\'ell

l.or11tion l>' J>lh 10 . \f•proxhno t0

t :1 .. ,·,111011 of J>o. or I rr

(;'i-. \\"ell w·r Size ll ln

19

Scc.1 ·r. R. 1101. \\'tr. • nr. ' \\'Lr. Rh·er

0. J. llnn•ll •.. .. .. . . NF.; 13 2; JI~:, - ,-4- 420 :~- 11- ~== ll7 K. E. <,runt ...... . .. NF. , 13 27 :11 24 41'1 :1--0 3(:0 I 32'' 200 ••..• 1;, .1. .lour.Jun ... .... .. ~F. :, 13 27 :!.1 H 40:J NI :!In I 3x4- ......... . W ,J. F. lll"11kl~y ....... :O.F. :, 1:1 27 :ll • . . . • • 4<•2 • • .. . . :l62 I) Hf' ......... . ill E. (.'. ( 'oh•111 1111 ...... Xf: :, J:l 27 h 9 4(MI :JUI Sol I> 4:<4 ......... . ii M. Tnylor •... ... ... X\\" G 13 27 :«1 Ii 41n :~(l 36:J I> Irr" •..•• .. •.• 72 N. D. Show11 llf r ..... }>F. ~ 13 27 I Iii ll :l!l~ :~11 :JOI ll 4.<4 ..... .... . 73 F.. Anll,•r,:on ........ N\\' n 13 27 :11 • • . • .. .1:11 .. .. .. :JG.J I 6x6 ......... . 74 1Ianforll 1!111wh ••.• XF. I 13 26 11 :JG 410 111 1 31H I 6x6 1:~1 40 jj Hanfor,J 1!1111,·h .••. Nf: I 13 2H :~; :16 1311 4fl4 8/i4 I OxG 4;,o .•••• iCi C. lflll"klln' •.. _ ...• SF. 32 11 27 :11~ 1n :J!J, :N; 363 I 3" 2:~1 3'> i7 C. RMklln' ... ..•... :SE 3'! JJ 27 :l.• :; !l:Ml !~II 00·' I 4" 2:,0 .... . 7~ Wm. )h·t-ur SF. :12 11 27 :!'! W UMI! :M st,1 J) lx4 ........ .. 711 .J. 1'. \\ ,.J,nr ......... NF. :t! J.J 27 12 Ot 311n ~ll :~;:1 I :;x:; ......... . ,o 'l'hM. \\'111111111~ ..... :0. I•: :l2 J.I 2i 2:; .. .. . . 3!l.i .. . . • • 36-1 J) ................. .

~~ ~·",;~·. t !l::~~~:;:·:.·:::~t~.;l~l J! ~i ~~ '"io .. ;~~~ .. =i~·,· 3(.~ :> ··,;·~.i:· ::::: ::::: "3 .r. :\l:llurry ......... S\\' ~~, 14 t7 il~ t4 11 2 :1" ,,,, I 4~x,i ...•...... '-' R. " "· c:r11"nhngc11 ... S\\"~J 14 17 2.. 2.?.1 --110 3 ... ~ 3<H I) Jx4 ........ ..

C. C. Hlrlnlrll. •..... S\\ :?!II 14 ti :t! . . . . . . I _, • • • . . • :{6.1 I) 3x3 ••..••••••

! ... !YJ

11, 101 lh:! 103 1() 1 w:; IW JOI u,, 11~1 1111 Ill I I:/ 11:1 114 110 117 JI'! IHI ·~~l l tl 1·n l:!.1 1:/1 1:!.i 12tl 127 12, 1211

•*• 131

Cb11•. \\ hllu•y ....•. S\\'·~l<J 11 27 :?!I Ii~ IIMI :1,1 st..i I 2x;! :!l~I ••.• . I. lltl\l h•y ..•••.•..•• :)IF.· H 27 :•o 2i 111:; :r, :io,; I> 3x4 n. n. ll11r11t• . •• ..... .• N\\'~~, u 21 2, 17 .111 1 :M :1u.; 1 21-<3 1;,o .•••• • J. U. 'l' ro1111111h:011s,,r N\\'211 14 27 :rr :11 ·IHI :i;u ;l(lj I 5x0 ...••.. •• . • J. II. 'l'ro1111111hllu~,,r N\\':!!J 14 27 :lJ :! I 4111 :i-.; 31.1:'i J) ,x:; ......... . C. J-:U•r1,on ••••...•• :-1\\':!l> 14 2i =~•1 21; rn, :l'-1 :16:; J> 4x-l- •....•..•• )I . F. ()"Urf(ltl .. .. ... ,S'°\\':!!f JI !i ~tO!, !U~ -U O :rm :)(M I) ••••.•••••••••. . •• G. \\' . Slum .. ....... :)/\\':!!) 11 2i Ill 3:; 41U :r,:; :16.i I> 4X4 ••..•••••. . 1. ' l'romonhnuser ... S\\ :!O 11 2i 12 :~: I rn; :m :i,~; I 1,xr. ....•..• . . . 1. 'l"ro11111 111l :111s• r .• • :',\\":!Ill H 27 :~1 37.'. 4IO :si:l S(;6 I 4x4 .........• Uri<•• ••••••••• .....• • S\\' 20 14 2i :W • •• . . . . •• .• • • •• • • • :~IO J) HxH ..••• •.• •• . J. ,\lcf',•t• ........... . sw20 14 21 Iii · .. ·· •. ·.·• ....

1•11

•1 •......

1

am n l'IJJ" ......... . )I . f:. Houk .••••... . S\\':!11 14 2, 111 000 ll 4x-l- . ..•••.••• C. C. ~ol·~wnn ...... ~\\'Ut H 2; : o :JS -1:!I ~t,~ 3(r; n 3.~x:~ ......... . F. n. ~:,J\\ur<b ...... :-If: l!I 14 27 :i:; ••• .• • 1111 :ri;; I> axa ......... . S. )I. llrl•<·o• •. ...... S \\" HI 14 27 :t! . . . . . . 41:\ • • • • • • 36i II 'r ......... . c. Sul,•h1I S\\ m 14 :!i :!i ""' 1 11;; :~<l :](;; n 4x4 ...••.• ... Wm. (;r<•1::or)' .. ..•.• s,, · l!I H 2, :!A, 21 -1~ 1 =~~) 3(,7 J) JS" ......... . I •. I,. I."\\ IS ...... . .. S1' 1!1 H 2i . •. •• . . •..• . 411!1 .. !lU7 1> .•..•• . .•..•••.••• .\. K ll1111t ....... . .. S I•; Ill 14 27 :12 2:,i ,1111 ~,; 300 "ll OxG ...•••..•• .I . \\'. llc111t•IJ ..•..... S\\' Ill 14 27 :2 :!.~~ I 4 111 :\,:! 31~1 I) HxO ...•••.... 'l'O\\ll \\"fll :O.o. 1. ..• Xf: :n 14 2i 2i 1H 1111 :~14 31H I 10Xl(• ..•.•••..• 'l'owu \\"rll :O.o. 2 .... X >: !JI 14 27 ~~I l!I 41:i ::tlG 3f>I I) 4x4 •..••.••.. \Y. P. Im·. Co ...... :SF: :Jl 11 2i :l.:'; :!II 1111 :~Mt 3114 I 4x-l- ....•.••.• .\. F:. llor111uu . ... .. !';t; :l(; 11 :!G :;2 • •• .. • 13"2 . . ••. . ;J(;.i I 4X4 ...••••••• A. F: . llor11u111 ••. . •• St•::~; 1.1 21; :«J~ ~ I 4.:J2 3(-0 &;.i n llOIJl. Nltl.•1"11" ... •. N\\"*, H 26 17 14 41:i 401 :J(,1 ll 3X•I, •. • ••••••• Yun ,·11,1° NI•:!~, 11 211 211 •••••• 41(1 . ••••• 36:. I .•••..•••. ••.•• ... .1. F.. 'l',•,llor,J. ...... NP.:~, 14 20 11:; •..•.. 31;:; I .•.....••.••••.•• • .1 o;,•1,h 1'1,.,r ........ N>: :/J 11 21'.i 27 21 117 !~ijl 31~, I lxO •.••.••••• s. Y. F11nnl1111 ...•... S\\"21 II 211 !~I~ 211. 411 !~14 :l(;7 I ,x..., Ht)U 00 C. )I. .fohnsou ...... :SF. :!l JI 21; II 33- 1211 3,7 :)I,, t ox;; ......... . .\ . F. 1'1•1"k ...••.•... XF: 2;; 14 '!II :~·, :l<I 1 41!1 !'~I :>,61; I GxG • • • • • 1G H. I{ . \\'ood• . .... ... l'-1\':r! 11 27 ~:. :!II 4ml :NI 363 I :;x5 . . . . Z'l M. S. 111·n1111 l<·k ••... • !'. I~ i:i 14 20 42 3 1 1211 :~12 au, I Ox6 2;;11 2.;

I:~,:. 1/1~'.l: :::,;:::: :::: ~~· 1~ !J ~f // si .. ~~~ . .. =~~- ;(~ : ';~i ·2oi,· 1"

L. 1-;. 111•11011 ....•..• St: h 11 27 :~; . . • . . . • . . . . . • . . . . • 21)7 I ~x . . . . . 1;; '"!· •:· l?ot.lnrno ••••• !,__t: 1,1 11 27 u, . . . . . . . . . • • • • • . . • • 31;, U , " ••..••.•.• L i'i. J.m·ntun<I .•... :-; F: J, H :?i 12 39~ . . • • • • • • • • • . !l(;, J) t,• •...••••.• R. )I. \\"1111,uns ..... Nf:" 14 27 1 :~, 4G.~ . . ••• . . . .•. . 3(,, n 4x4 ••.•••.••• E. w n,1, • •..••••. ....• NE J, 11 27 12 . . . . . . 411:ir • • . . • • 36, 0 0" ••...••••. H. II . V1111 .\klu . ...• 8 1\'!S 14 27 2!1 Ii .110 !l!13 36, I GxO ...•• ···•· Fitzgll>hon S\\' , .. 14 27 11 :i.~ 42-1 :1,:; 86S I f>xG ...••..•.. J·. I. u,1111,:• r .... .. ... S \ I' 1, 11 27 I 211 I"~ 410 :1!12 3Gil l W' 2:,0 10

!

20 Hull<:lill No. 26, Divisiun of Geulu!Jy

T .\ l:lli lJATls l ) l ).\ TA O J-' w 1,: 1,LX ,\H() lT 'T \\"lllTl.s HLU l-' FX A]';I) 11,\ 1': F{Jl(IJ l'onduded.

\\'ell Xo . N.\)I E Lot·alion n · 11t11 w

Sec. T . II . 110 1. \\'Lr.

-- - - --l !lt I. . . \ . Coddi 11g .... .. S\\'1~ 1.1 21 4(1

:u l:!:l ( I, N . • \nJ.:I" .. . .. ..... X\\' J, 14 27 1:t1 It. II' . • lud<I .. .. .... . NE 1~ 11 2i ·12

Ill 1: ., 1:m l :li 1:1, J:H J Iil 111 11! 11:1 141 14:i J(lj

Hi

P . M. \\' 0 il ...... .. .. S \\' , 14 2i l". S .. \i;o w ...... ... R\\' i 14 2i ( '. n :1111r0 r ...... . ... ISi\' 7 H 27 )J. s. 11°rks .. ...... . sr, 12 14 20 ll 1111 llrM. .. .. ..... S \\' 12 11 ti! 1:rr0 11 fl 0 lo l .. . .. .. .... S\\'12 14 26 1;;, Cords ... .. .. .... l>F: 1,l 14 20 l\'111. ~loe, I,• ... .. ... . X E H M 2 1

:u 40 :n 22 :!.7 1,l/, ~l\)-

I. \\' r ight .. . .. ...... N\\'H M :lli 11· 111. t'ou l~ci n .. .... :'\ll'H 1-1 2f, I 26 :!'l I( I Hohr rts .. .. .. . :'\ E l~ 11 26 51 41 s .. \ llnrd .. .. ....... XF. G 1:J ·w :,:, .... .. 1.. .J. Millr r . ... . ... .. SW Ii 1:l 26 tiO ..... .

I ,, M Iiier itU lll' h NE 12 t:1 t.; tr! , . , ·, . 1111 I .. N. Fry .. . ..... .. . :-.\\"1 2 ,a t:; , t .... .. 1:,1 E . r' . 1/0 1111111,,:" r . . ... N'i': II I~ :/;j :;:; :;1~ 1:;1 .\ 11 s1111 Bro~ . ....... . x,r .1 13 2.; 41 i, :n 1;;:! 1:,:1 1;,1 17.ii l:,C) 1;,7 1;;.., 1:;·1 lfi1 1111 lfi2 lf j;!

lfi-1 IIJ.-, 11~1 1117 111, 1m1 170 I ii 17:! ! i':{ Iii

,\ 11,tin Bros . . .... .. N \\' I 1'' 2:; :·.; :!~ l. \ 'on U 0 r l1r r,:; . .... . SE ~ 1:l ~./i'

1

1"1 ,,11 O. I I. .J r 11 g- 0 r ....... . Jl.'1, 12 1:; :Ii I ,I . P. llle l1111011tl. .. .. N r,; 11 I:! 24 :·1 32 . \ . n. 1'11 11111> ... . ..... NI, 14 I~ 2 1 ",;~ ,i:J ,\ , K11 ol1 ..... ....... S \\' 10 I~ 2-1 411 . \ . Brown S \\' 20 1H 2 1 (~;~ I P. ~I. Hill .... .. ..... NF: 2;; 14 20 t ti W )I. R. Sluvons .... ... N\\'3-0 l:l 2i I I :J~ w 1111l" l' & 1i r · 1n; .. .. SE 111 1:1 27 :i1 soi )J. B. l ilt)' lll'S ...... . S E 23 l~ 27 II : 2 \\'. H . 1, •ul .... .. .... SE WI J.I 27 ...... :'(i ) ll k• I .. .... . .. .. .... S \\' 25 1-1 2'J 21~ 11i \\'Uson ...... .. ..... SI\' 2;,I J.I 21; ifi ._!! .J. E. ('o l1•111u 11 .. .... SE 111 l ,1 2i .. I I. l '. lfru ri• ........ N W .i i:l 27 ~:i 20 Ell. Wa gner :-E 4 rn 2,; 42; :!!I H. D. 8111 •1• .... .. .. .. N W 18 1:1 211 110 111 )loon• .... . .......... ~ \\· 12 13 2.; t>7 !H l!oh0 J'l~on ~ \\· 12 13 25 !'-t1 !)'! TIJ M . llrm111 .... ... ~ E 2!1 1-1 27 41 :H H. Bi lr rl F<l11 S11' 2l J.I '!.'i H !:l P. N. 1-1 ,·n~lu}' . .. . .. . S E n 13 ~_;!, I ._,

1 ...

1:,"

S , ciurc·" .... ...... .. Nll':!.1 13

C'. N. l. 11 rso11 .. .. .. .. N\\':n 1~ 28 4:,~ :1,1 c n : rug-io X\\'2J 1, 21 I 1:, 3:l

n, raglo .... . . ... . . . . ~ 1-.: l~ lS 2i :¥> :!.; l i!I \'n n ,\ kin .... .... .. . 8 11' 1~ 1.1 27 I :!,I 12 l°"I Jlill ......... .. .. . .. . NE 2J H 26 2·1 20

A 1111roxfrnal" El·1vulio11 or

-------Sur. 11· tr-ii~iwr _

-1u, ~,u 40!) 3~1 -tll7'! :li Ut 411:;7 ... ... 411~·1 m ? 41J~Y 3(;:,? ~o;;~ :1(~~'! 4l1:i:' :t-<l'! ,10,i~ 3,., t 41111 :J!J2r 1111r :i!Jor :10 . .... . rni·1 11>1 43:i .~I 441)? ' .... . 4.it ? .... .. li 3?1 ... .. . 4ti2? .... .. 11:, ·t :3!)4'! 121)'( ~ t 4:!01 38it 430? 371t 4211? 4:!.",t 3!):lt 4t~I? 401 t ·123Y 3Nlt

I IJW? 11;; 3!161 ~II~ :17~ .{ .... , 35.,

~~~ ~fd I I IS 40i 11!1 10;; 410 N 111 :llll 41,;1 ;j.,IJY i,.~7~ S!x;'f 41m 3!)()t 4, , t 300Y .m, 374 111!! :ll);; ~!)(I :~l 1? 373? .. ,.-, ::S··d :l():t 3,'j~ 4411 41 ~ 110 39, 11 :; :~).',

no. o r Ir r .

I I I l l D n D I I I I n I I)

D D I! I fl I I I) I I I I I I I) 1) I)

I)

I I I)

I I I I I n I) I)

I I) I) I)

I l

n ·1~. ~ \ \ '(•11 pnr

S ze ) lin . !:

liXli IIMI HI 3x!l 30U 2J 1x6 22,; 2.; 4X~ IXI

3~x:J1 :Jx3 (i:o.6 2:,0 . .. .. 6x0 •.x~ 21ti 21 llxO

:!.OU :!Al

14011 IIMI -OU .1:;

2W .... . 240 .... .

:Ill() .... . IOUO .. .. .

: : : : :i: :: ::

~··· ...... ... .

Underground Water Supply 21

Rr,,na rks. lt wa. found that in g<'ner:11 these wells penetrated fi rst a sandy or g nwclly soil , then entered loose sand aml gn1,·t•l , witLout c11counter i11g any otlter material. I n some cases a littl e cla:, was struck, but not often.

[n c,·cr y CMit' wh e re information was obtained it. was l'f'Jrnrlcd that. the water in the well rosP arn:l fell with t li c rise aml fa ll of the Columbin River . Althou~h t!tc datn r eg1udi11g this feature arc 11ot Yc ry accurate, they are p1·cSC'llt<·cl he re fo r ,,·ha t they a rc worth.

:--o. i\fu~im11 111 Xo. :\(nxlm11m \l'tl l F'hu.-r11nt iot1 \\'f'II F'h1ctua l1011

14 111 r••t a.; U fm,t :?1 :; reet 41 10 r,••t ~;! 4 fe~ I 56 io r0 " L 2,; ,; ft .. l w ti r""L

lt is qu ite probable that tl1e fluctuc1lio11 is ,·cry nea rl y 10 rect in most ca.·cs.

At lN1st 79 of tl1 c 180 " ·ells of the district have been usc<l for irrigat ion. ln puni ping froni these \\'t> ll : by power it 8t'ems that the wate r was l1nH' l'Ct1 a foot or so and lhcn it r eached a constant lcYcl, remaining there as long- as the puniping \\'H S <·ontinued. Tlwse data, also, a r c 011 1,v fn1g-rne11tal and approximate at the lwst.

22 Bitlleli11 ·A·o. 26) Division of G,>ology

i'.\o. \ \ '•II

13 I I 1:; 21 ~.! 2.'i 26 27

11(;

ll'i 129 1:l!) 140 J.12 1:,1 1;;,j 1:w

J .ow• ring Cn uscil IJy PttmJlillg

~1 int hcs

rcw irn;hf :O:

15 inches 1 ln,·h

., to 10 lnc·hrs nho11 t 2 feel

tl. P.

:; ., ':: ~

10 111 10 3 :;

10

' 3 20 ., ~

Size Pump ( inch•~)

~· -, .............. :)

.............. 3

(l

.f :;

3 11

······· ·· ····· 3 r,

~

3 3 '-

B1:c1111 pl<' of rc• plr'11ish111e11t. In 1he cas0 of No. 60, I : tud i0d the act ion which took place in the \\"ell itself. A pump which drew from the w ell 1,100 galJ ons JWl' rni11ute lowered the water leYel nearly two feet, an<l tli en the water le,·el r emained constant. From th e s ides of the w ell t.hr g r ound water wa. pouring in , r cplen i~hinp; it s teadily. This is a g-oocl ex.nmplc of the war in which th0:e wells a r0 feel by th0 unde rground watC' r suppl?.

LOG O.F WELL DRILLED AT RINGOLD

'1ocal ion. T en miles soutbea:t of Ffanforcl, on north bank of Columbia RiYcr , ncH r cross-roads b,v sr·hool­h ousc, Sec. 25, T. J 2 N ., R. 2 E.

E1 i>vatio11. Drill hole, 4-30 feet abo,·e sen lev0l. Rive r , about :340 (Oct. 24, 1921) .

Pi,rposr' of Drilliu,q. To obta in 1ntes ian water.

Drill.er. N. C .. J annsen Dri lling- Compan~·, +1+ North­west Ba 11 k Building, .Portla ncl , Oregon.

)LI TEHIA L

Sunil ..... .... ... . .............. •... ...... . . t· .. tnt'n t grav"I ........ . ... . . .• ........ . .... l'l:t)' ........... . . . .......... ••. ...... . ...... C'luy 1111<1 gru1·el •••.....•..... . .. . ..... • . • .. (:rnnl ... .. . ............... . . ...... . ...... . Boul,h:r~ 11nd ,µ-inn-I. .... . . .... . .. . .... •• .. Blnt k ,tlay ........................... . . . . . Ul11e Ch t )· .... . .... . . .... . ......... . ... . ... . lllnek 1·h1y ••• . ••••• • • •• • ••••••.••• •• •• • ••• :-= un1I ... . .. .....•••... •.•. . ........•...••.• 1\1:tl'k roc•k .•• . .••.•... . . . ••. . ••• ••. • .••.. lllo(•k rot•!.. ond shu lr .... . . .. .. . . .. . . ..... . Shu If .. . •.•...............•. · ·· ·· · ·•• ·· ·• · · lllU{•k r0t•k ......•.•.... , ...• , .•.•..••... , . llni::u It .......................•. •• .... .... . ( 'luy fl Ud l!:TU\'t11. , , , .. . , , , ,, . ••• • .. • , , , , , . . Shu I• ............. , ....... , ..•. . •• •••••. ·• • noc·k . . ••• . ....•..• . .....• .. •.. ••. ..••....• llu~nlt ...••..•..•.•...•.•.. • . ••..••...•... Ror·k ............. .. ......... . . .. . . .. . .... . Shule ...... . . . .• ... . · · . .. . ··· · ·· ··· ·· · ·· · · · lllar·k slrn lu .. . .. .... .....•.. .. ... .. ........ Ullt'' ~luJh• . . . . .. ... .... .. ..... .... . .. . ... . llusull .................. . .... .. ... . .... .. , . Porom1 IHl~alt ... .. . . ...... • ... . .. . ....... Dusult ..... . . ...... . ..... ••.............•. 11111 •1 SIHJlti , •.••. , .. . .•• ,,, •. ...•. •••••..• • • liruy M1u+ l~ton·• ..... . .... •• .•.. • . • . . .. .. . IIUFU IL ............ , •• •••· •• • ... • · • • .. •• •• •

'J'ltickDI $:' in ~'up (

1$ IIT 2fl 22 2~

(I s u

1~ II

J!I 6

1i 1;i1

c;.1 I ll (1

~I 2 2

IO :l

12 11,:1

111 1;; w II

s~

23

T o

1S ,;;

w;; 127 1.)7; 161 111:) 17"' L!k1 2();j 21~ 2411 25i ·Uh 4il 1,7

4!JG ~,:}:; r,:n :;31) ;;41) 552 51;1 tltt7 ITT7 (;!1'2 711 iZO i,jj

n P11111 rks. .AHhoug-h. t his well is . ·omc tc n 111 ilcs from }fanfo rcl, it represent to a certa in extent tlw nrnkria l:,; which would be encountPretl if dN•p wells wer e s nnk in 1hr region of H.urforcl m1cl ·white Bluffs. That is to sa:,·, sand a ncl gravel of the old ri\·er fl ood p lain an• found t<, the depth of nhout 160 fee t. Clay ,rncl s.mcl, which r epn•­sc11t the old u11t1cr1.ving- lake silt rcpresentC'd in the \V-hitc Blnffs on the eastern side of the Columbia R i\·cr , a r<' encounter ed benca th thcs0 sands ,llld g rn ,·0ls fo r a furth er dept!, of at least ..J.0 feet. B eneath tbi!-l is l'll­

cou11 tercd basalt and H fe w thi11 le11 ses of i11 tc rlw<ldcd loc·al lake deposits.

LOG OF FLRST ARTESIAN WELl, :-.:EAR COLD CREEK

/_;ocalion . 16 miles south\,·c. t o l' ,~bite Blnffs, nenr corner of roacl, N"\"\ Y.'1-S\\'1,4 Sec. 26, T. 13 N'., R. :2-1- JD. Archie B l'own, owner.

24 Bulletin No . 26, Division of Geology

Elr,vrtfio11. Drill hole, 1,025 fe()t above sea level.

P11rpose of Dl'illi119. To obtain artesian water.

Driller. N. C. Jannsen D rilling Company, 414 North-wrst Bank Buildi11g, Portlalld, Oregon. October, 19] S.

)1.-IT.EJU.\L

Soil ..... -... · --· · ··-- · · .... . . . -- . .. . ..... .

'l'h!,!knrss iu Feet

'l'o

Grnv0 1 nnd bou l(ler~--- .. ........ .. _ .... , l'i:l 1'0 Hard bu~illt .... .. ... .. .. . .. ... .. .. .. .. ... 20'2 ~2i Wat~r c,wity (U in~hrs) . ... .. ...... .... ............................ . 1lat~rinl ('/) .... ........... ... .. . ... .. .... U ti, lfan<lston2 .. .. .. . •• .. .. . .. . .. ... . .. .. .. . ... 14 492 Blue sh air .... -. •• . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . ;;, ,,67 Sond ..................... . ...... .... ...... G 573 J31u n shale ... - ......... .... .. .. ... .. ... - .. 10 5, 3 Brown shal• .. _ .. ...... ......... --- ... .. .. 9 j92 f1reen slrnl~ ...... -- .... - .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . (i 5!)$ r-Jo11"y<•o111IJ u rnl \\'lll'.' r -hcuring roc·k... ... ; u (~

.lrl">lao wnt?r ~tnic k nt d?plh of 66S r,•et. Flow or u111,rox1· inoP•ly 2,00 J g-A llorw of ,,·at0 r ,,{tr minut~. rn po mut~ \•r~~HHP. This w•JI Is h~f11g u~•d to irrlg,ue ·u ft eld or nlfulfu.

Re111ark.·. 'rlJis well is located in a sy11dine which plunges to the cast. The well enter s basalt at the depth of 180 feet arnl passes through shale and sandstone which r cprcse11t an i11tcrcalated lake deposit, for basalt is again encountered at the depth of 59 feet. 1'be artesian wa tcr issues from "hone.\·com b," or celJula r basalt, and frorn the coar se r material of th is intcrbedded lake deposit.

To tl1e 1wr tb of this loeation are extensive exposures of basalt layers, which have bceT1 thrown into a great fold or anticliuc. The basalt layers clip almost vertically into the Columbia River ancl arc folded over :a;o tl,at tll e southern clips are more gentle. Several milc8 to the south of Cold Creek is a11otber cast-west anticline or fold. Thus the we11 is located in a syncline or struct ural trongh which lies between the anticlines. Tbe anticlines and the sy11clinc plunge as a whole to the east.

Surface waters have probably entered tlw basnlt to the west, especially the cellular portion and the intcr­bcclcl0rl sands of a lake deposit, and have passed down­ward towm·d the east in this trough or syncline and have

C nrler,r; /'OU?lrl ff 11t e /' Su J) ply 2,J

111 1·1s1ox OP G..:01,0<:Y B 1· L1.f:T1~ K O. tG. P LATE lJ I.

(t . .-\n expo:iu 1·e of r-:and n1~d grnvel near Coyote HnplclK 'l"h is i~ the ~nrL of ma l f''l'i:d LhrOuf!'li which the ground \\'Hl<'t· o f the rc·~ic•n pas_r-:es.

/J. \\"al e r being J)11mped l't"om w e ll No. (;(1 b~' e let·tri1· power .

26 Bulletin No. 26, DiviS'ion1 of Geology

thu·s been trapped far beneath the surface, accumulating for thousands of years. Any well drilled iu this par­ticular location, namely, in thi. syncline which enters the rock horizon in which the water is trapped and under pressure, will undoubtedly give artesian flow. .Just how long such artesian water may last depends upon the source of supply, which has not yet been accurately de­termined; but which probably lies to the west and con­. i.sts of meteoric waters, or that water which falls upon the surface of the ground and enters it, passi11g to a greater depth. The source of this water and the problem connected with this supply is an entirely different prob­lem from that in tlrn region of ·white Bluffs and Hrmford.

In the fall of 1921 a second well was drilled by the same people one-half mile west of this first well and a similar flow of artesian water was obtained.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The elevation of the water in the wells at the t ime they were examined varied only within a narrow limit. The well in \\·hich the water was lowest in elevation (350 feet abo,·e sea level) is situated in the southern part of the area, near the river at its lowest point. The highest elevation of ·water in a well was 407 feet, and it is located in a place where there is undoubtedly a certain amoun t of lea kage from the Hanford Ini ~ation Ditch. The average elenl tion of the le,,el of the water in the wells measured was 381 feet.

The water table is the top surface of tl1 e zone in which the sa11ds and gravels are saturated ·with water . ·where this is r eached in a well, the water will seep rapidly out of UJC sunounding- gravel and fill up the well to the g round water level or the level of the wa tcr table.

The elevation of the water table was higher than the river level at the time the clata. were collected, as may be ·ccn by studying carefully the accompanying map. This

Under.9round Water 81,vply 27

feature may be accounted for by considering that tbe g ra vols were fill ed when the water in the river was high. Then the river fell rap idl)' and the g round water e ·ca pcd more gradually througl1 the alluYium. One particular point of discharge was in Section 23, Township 13, Range 27, wher e the water escaped as springs or seepages along the river bank and flowed back i nto the river.

The surface of the ground is shown by the contour lines an<l tl1eir elevation. The water table does not con­form to the surface of the g round in detail oYer this area. The wc1ter b ible is independent of thi s feature and ap­pears to be a fairly l evel surface.

Along the region bordering the Hanford Irrigation Di tcl1 the water table was found to be higher than else­where, for the ditch leaked and its ·water saturated th1~ ground locally. This water had gradually soaked into the ground and had joined tbe water table, forming a part of it. If the ditch had been left dry for some t ime it is (luite probable that the level of tliis local ·wntcr table would lrnYe been lower ed and would ha\·e fina ll y con­formed to that of the rest of the area.

In orcl<•r that a well may contain ,vatcr it should be deep enough to pass th rough t he ground "·ater level, or water table. The wells of the area \7 ary in depth-those 011 the h igher points (topographically) arC' de0p0r to water than those on the lower points. Omitting tb c deeper wells (Nos. ]69, J70, 171 and 158), the average depth to water, rn easur0d from the surface of the g round, was 28 feet for t he wells oundcd. In the case of Kos. ] 69, 170, and J 71, whe re the depths to wa tcr were 1-.U, 9-!, and 92 feet, rcspecti\'ely, the water clerntion abonJ sea leYcl was 396 feet in each case, ·which was about th<' same a s that in the other ,rells of the :-:amc district, .-111d only JO feet above r iYPr 0leYation takc-11 at that t ime.

In the data list included in th is r eport, comparison hal'l been made of the water elevation in each well and

2 Bulletin }.~ o. 26, Division of 0Pology

th o rinr elornt ion at a point in the riYer ncarc:t tLe well. Tltis shows the positio11 of the water table in reference to the s tream whjch parallels, in a gcncn1l way, the direction of Aow of the underground wa ter. T he sour ce of tlt r water in each particular well , howe,·o r , may he at a point considerably hi gh er up stream tl1a11 that point from which this rircr elcrntion was taken.

The amount of ·water in each "·ell mar be foun<l by . uhtracting the depth to water from the depth to tl1e bottom. The average depth of w;:itc,1· was 7 feet in the wells sounded.

FLUCTUA'l'ION OF THE WATER TABLE

It is p;cn c~rally reported that the clen1tion of ii, e wat<>r in the ""ells rises aud lower s exactl y ,-vith the ris ing and Jowering of the riYer le,·el, but n ot with as gn.1,d a magni­tude. 'l'lt e total flu chrntion of the ri,·er lcYcl is about 20 feet during tlH' entire yea t , while the lluctuation of the lcYcL of the water in the wells appe.ns to be about 10 feet, although thi.· latte r information is not as defin itely r c­<·ordccl as that of the ri,·er lcYel. This indicat<-'S that the som·cc of the underg round water in the region of ':\' bite Bluffs and Hanford is the Columbia River, whil'lt charge: the g ravel. when it is higb. As the river lowers, th" g-ra,·els arc drained and thus the water table is likewise lowPred. The t ime of the ri se of the wate r table is im­portant i11 rclatio11 to the use of the water for irrigation purposes. The following cu rYCS explain gr:-1 phi call>· this r elation. The flu ctuation of the river level i · eompared with the amount of water which has been used fo r iniga­tion purposes from the ditch, which shows the two prac­tically to coincide.

FLOOR OF THE GROUND WATl~R

From a study of the geological formations and their structure in this region , togeth er with a study of th r deep well at Ringold, general eonclus ions ar0 thus

Ji'IG. I .

a_,:;

CONSUMPTION OF /J:>RIGATION WATER

To Rise: OF WATEP IN COLUMBIA .R,ve::R 1920

~

Curves t·c>mra rlng t·onsl •mJit ion o r irriga tion waie,· to rise o f w n l e1· in C•>l t1 m bia Hlve r. 1:ltO.

30 Bitllf'lin No. 26, Divi ·ion of Geology

re;-1clt cd, relating to the nature of the material wbic·h underlies the alltncial plain.

lf dc(·J.H'r \\'<'lL should he put down in the immediate Yicinit? of ,Vhitc Bluffs and Hanford, thry would prob­ably pa~·s through the sand and gra,·el of the old riYer Rood plain flt an clc"ation of approximately ::wo feet above sea lev(1l.

After pa . ing through the granl of this olcl flood plain, clay aod fine sand would probably be encountered, and this might be expected to Yar? in thirknes., but nm1cr1yino· it in turn would undoubtedly occur basalt at an elevation of about 200 feet above sea lcrnl.

SEEPAGl!:S AND FLOWING SPRINGS ON THE BAXK OF THE COLUMBIA .RIVER

:b'or a half milr itlong the bank of the Columbia RiYer (Section 2:~, To\\'nship 13, Hauge 27), SNlJrnges mid flow­ing springs were issuing water, during the t ime they were \'i sit·cd, from the low bluff at a point ten feet abm·e t.he rin"r l<'\'Cl and at an elcn1tion of :~65 fc<'t. This elen1-t ion is 0111~· a little lo,vrr than th<' elc\'ation of the \\' ater table in the \'icini ty of the scepllges. The ma terinl from \\"hich tlic•y flowed con sisted of clay, snnd, all(1 some g-ra\'el. Ljri11g abo,·e this g round wate r di sch,ng-e, w0re fouml 15 to 20 feet of allu,·ial material, such a. m1cl, gravel, and ~oil. It nrny he noticed from a s tudy of the map that the location of these seepages is only one-half mile helow the point at which the proposed drain inte r ­S<'cts the riYN haiik. The propo eel draiu follows, in gen­e ral, th<' surfacC' swampy areas or seep..tg·e la11cls which li e parallel to tl1e Hanford Irrigation Ditcl1. The drain ns proposed is to ca r ry off the .-u rplus water whi rh l<'aks fro111 the iniµ:ation d itcl1 and forms 1ocn1 swamps along tl1is a r ea.

The water di~c]rnrge of the sp r-i11gs on the bank of the Columhja Ri\'e r appear to be g r eater in quantitr than

U11der,grow1cl Watr>r . 'upply 31

the water in the ditch. lt is teported u:, per:011. who e obsc rvntious can no doubt be trusted, that the S('epagcs occurred hcforc the irrigation ditch was constructed. It appcars1 therefore, that they rep resent tl1c run-off from the general water table of the area . They may be charged to a certain t•xtent by the lcRlrngc water: of tlw inigation ditch, but they cannot corue entirely from that source.

It is s ignificant, therefore, t lia t the Columbia H iver at thi : po int at lea t, aml probably al ong the b,mk fo r sc ,·cral miles, docs 11ot ente r a11d does not cliarge t.l1esc granils at least during tl1 is particular time of the ~·ear. The elevation of these seepages, howcvC'1·, \\'a · lower b? about 20 feet than t ile wc1ter level of th e 'olumbia Rfrer in the r e 0 'ion about Coyote Rapids. T he lt•,·el of the Columbia RiYcr at this time of tll c year is lowe r by nearly 20 feet than it was during the summer months. If the Bom·c(~ of the \\'ate r in the r egion is t il e Columbia Rin~r, the water must, therefore, ente r the gran•ls at points upstrN1m from the location of tl1e seepage, and probably iu the region aboYe Coyote Rapid., where <'oar e alluYial gn1Yc1s exist on the south l>ank . ucb a in the r egfon of China B,u. The intake arPn nm~· nlso be below Coyote R apids abov(' the bend in the riYer.

The source of tl1c water in t he. c spring: i., there­fore, trndoubtedly the s::irne source a that of tile unde r ­ground water of this reg·ion. Since there is n 65 per cen t loss by leakage and evnporntion from tl1 e inigation ditch, the supply may partly be affected by the lenkagc from the inigation ditch and from additional scepnge from the irrigation waters taken from the ditcl1 and placed on the land wher e it soah n1picl ly into tl1 c ground ngain.

SOURCE OF THE NDERGROUND 'WATJI]R

PRINCIPAL SUPPLY

Tho principal supply of the nndetgrouud watet of

this area is undoubtedly from the Columbia Ri,·er. Tho c,-ridences of this are : (1) That the ground water level or water table fluctuates with the ri,·er. (2) That the elcYation of the water table corresponds with Lhe elcYa­tion of the ri~'N'. (3) That the composition and structure of the materials of tl1e alluvial plain would allow water from the eiver during its higher period · to enter the g ravels . (+) T]1at the grn,·els li e in the old channels of the ancient river, leaving natural underground seepage channels to cx_ist.

SIWO:S:DARY SUPPLY

A econcl:uy source of supply i. that of the meteoric water s or tl1at \\'ater 1\'hicl1 falls as rain or snow upon tho surface of the ground. This source is quite . mnll.

LOCAL SUPPLY

In addition to this supply the leakage water from the Hanford Irrigation Ditch undoubtl•dly adds to the g round water of the region. Mater ial <'ffcct from th is is principally in the zone imme<lia tely bordering the canal. It is recorded that 65 per ceut of the water which go<'S in to the ditch is lost br C'Yaporation aud k.'::ikage. All thr water used for inigation that is not lost through eYaporntion, enters tl1c ground and adds to the g r ou11Cl water supply.

POSSIBLE SUPPLY

'rherc i. another po. sible source of the ground \\'atcr. This i · a possible a:ccncling leakage from an arteRian s upply hc]ow. An artesian basin exists in til e r egion of the s.lJncli11P in ba.r;;alf indicated on the map- near the present

l7ncler,qrvuncl Tl atn SupplN 33

flowing a rte ·ia n well. S uch trapp ed wa t cr s might pos­sjbly cntc~r in to the upper grouuc1 ,,·atcr zo1w h~· upwa rd pcudrntion tl1 l'O ugl1 openings i11 the rocks from pl'C, s ure of the• t ra ppcd arles ia n below. 'l'hi s , Ii o" ·c,·cr, would not p rohahl y affect the region unde r con itkra t ion bc­Cfinst' it li c.•s nor th of (h1hlr )[ountain, wlti ch wonlcl se1Tc a .· a lrnni0r to such m ig ration of wntcr s.

REC01l:MENDATI0N S

LOCATION OF WATER WELLS FOR IRRIGATION

Before wells are dug in the future, in the vic inity of '\fbitc Bluffs and Hanford, the accompanying map, a. ,well as this report, should be consulted, but unless cor-rect interpl'etation is made, this map can be of little use. In the first place, the depth of water, wbich sliould be encountered in a well, "rill , ·rn y accorc.ling to the varying le\'el of the water table of the district. The elerntion of the water table as given in the present wells and shown on this mflp refer only to thC' position of' th e water tahle during th e time in tC'rn1 l in which the cla ta wer e collcctecl. '11

\\' 0 C'l<.'Yations s hould be obtained before a nC'w well i.· dug: ( l ) th e clevc1tion of the surface of the g round at th e point at which th (' hol e is to he drilled, and (2) th e e]('va ­t iou of the " ·ater ]e\·el i11 the ohler wells of th e 11cighbor­l1 ood. 'J'Ji c depth of the b ole necC'ssa ry t o encoun1cr water wonld lw\·e to be the difference between the surface clcn-1-tion of the p;round and tliC' elenltion of the water le\·el thus obtained. TlJc depth of the wa ter n eccssarr in the WC'll should be great enough to in ·urC' wate r dming the c•nti re y0a r. This would m ean that if wa ter is obta incd in the well when the wate r table is at its lowe. t IeYcl, tlterc will he assurance of a11 abundant supply of water in the well, fo r purposes of inigation, at the time when the \\'ater table is a t its highC'st point. B efo re a w 0Jl i drilled, therefore, the time of yea r and lbc heig·ht of th e ri\'C-'l' should b e considered in r elation to the in­fo rmation gi\·en in this r eport.

There may be a few caSC'S in this terri tory in \Yhich the well:-. will not proYc . atisfactory on account of local conditions. These local conditi on s might consist of local depos its of clay which might cut off or d eYiatc to a cer­tain extent the migration of undergrnuncl " ·fltcr. B efor f!

Underground Water Supply .35

poor wells arc thus accounted for, howen •r , exact in­formation r eo·ardi1w the J) ro1Jer eleva tion of the water t, ~ ' .t

table at that particular place should be obta ined and a comparison ma<le to the clcYation of the deptll of the poor well, so that there would be assurance that the well had penetrated the water table le,·el.

UP - KEEP 01<' THE WELLS

In order to insure decent conditi ons oYer tlt is c• ntirc area, the wells sh ould be kept in good cond i tioll or s01:1 led off ent irely. In the firsL place, . afcty . hould be con­s idered ,·ital. In a g reat man y ca ses tJ1p pn'scut wells are Yery unsa fc in that they a re not p ropcrly covered, or the entrance .is not properly gtum]cd, so that cl1ild ren as well as . tock may easily fa ll into them.

Another important feature is that of sc111ita tion. H onC' " ·ell i. polluted, it i · quite possible that other " "<'ll , e.-p ccially those 111 the immediate \'ici11i ty, will be in­fected from U1i ., fi r ·t well. The underg rom1cl water passes tl1rough sands and g rnwl. · nud i.s filte red to a great extent, but since it i knowu to pass rapid)~· t hrough , ·cry larg-c interstices between the bou lde rs, it rnig-M n •adil r <·a rry bacteri a and germ.- of n1ri ous so r t. . A lthoug·h this feature bas not b0en arcura tely Pxarn ine<.l , it should be taken in to ca reful cou. ideratio11, Pspeciall r sine<' fu r th 0r settlement of this terri to ry is to he made h~r . oldicr and their familiPs. A number of the we ll s at the p rC'sen t time contain deat1 c111inrnl ·. s uch as jack rabbit.-, which g-i"e rise to conditi ons which a r c at kast u u sn nitar~·.

INDEX. PO(W

A llu vium .... ... ....... . ... •. ............••.....••........ • ........ 12 Ant ic line ......... . ...... . ... . .... ........... .. • . ......•.......... ll, 24 A r tes ian wel l. hasi11 or .......... • ....... •• .. .. ..... . .. .... • ........ 2~

First ............. . .......... •........• . •.• ......... 23 Seco nd ... .. ....... •. ..... •• , ......... . .. . • ... .. • ... • ........... 2(i

Basr.Jt ..... ............... ... •• ....... .... .......... .. . . ..... 12, 13. I~ Her1ton Cou nt)· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'i Bihliog,·aph~• ................ . ....................... •• . .. ...... ... 9. 10 Brown. A1·chic <Owne,· o f t1l'lesia11 w ell) ......... • .................. 23 C hina Ba,· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ............. ...... . .. ... .. l:l, 31 Colcl Creel<. al'te:,;ian w ells or ............. .. .. . ...... .. .. ........ ... 23 Col11mbia Hivel', <l u,·ing 1he Ulacial perio(I. . ...... • . ..... ............ 13

Hise and rail o f .... . ...... . . . .... ...... ................. . ....... 2 1 Relalio11 LO well water .... . ......... .. ............. . ....... . ... 2i

Conclus i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 2 Consu1ner s' Ditch Co1111-,>anr........... . . . ... . ....... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . :., Coyote Rapids • . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........• •• .... .•• .. .. ..... • ...... 16, :n C rab C r eel< .. .......... • .....•..... . .• ...... • .. ..... . •. ... ......... 15 Dcltaic alluvial plain ... . ........................................... 12 Deep wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . 27 Deplh or wel ls .......... • .. • ...... • . .. . .......... • .............. 18, 20 Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . :io Domestic wells .............. . .............• • ...... . ........... 17. IS-20 1, l evntion (al so sec tabulation clllta) ........... .•. . ...• .... • ... . .. 1 b-20

;.\vP1·::1ge of wrLtc r in wells . .. . ... . ... . ........... - . . . . . . . . . . . . 21i lcllcnsburg- formation ...... . .. . ... .•• .......•..... •. .•...... ••.. . .. 15 ·1,x1)lanation of clata ... .. . .... .... • ....... • ... . .. • .......... ••. ..... l fi Gable Butte .................. .. . .........•....... • ............ . ... It Gabl e ?llounrnin ........... ... .............. • .... .•....•........ . . .. 12 Geologic featu1·es, general rliscuss io>n o r .•.............•............. 1 ·>

Hepa·esented on map .........•....•..•...•• • •...•. • . ..• .... . • • .• 11

Geol ogical fo,·mation:::. dc•scription of . . ...... . .........•.. , . . . . . . • . . . 12 Geological hisLor." ....... ...... .. .. . ...................... • .. . ... • .. 15 G l acial period .......... • ......• • ... .. ........ • ..... ..•. ............ l;! G t·ancl Cou l ee .. . ....... . ... ... ................ ••........•• .. . ...... 1;; G ravel ba1·;; ........................ .. . .... ...•..........•... . ...... Ha,nro,·<l inigalion 1li t ch. l ea k age oC. ..... • ..... . .... • ..... . ... . 27. Hanford. l ocntion or ............ . ........... . .. • ..... • . ..•..........

1:J 30

i Han forcl Sub-station . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 11; l nten1r etation of w ell clata ...... ... • ...... ••.. .... . ... • ..... ••• ..... 2G ltTigat io n. acl'eage of ...... .. .... . •• •. ..................... .• . .... 18 . ~o

Amou nt l'C(Jui,·ecl . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • • . . • • . . . . . • . . . . . ~ Localir,n of wells for. . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 2 L Wells of ....... . ... . .. . ..... ......•.......•. .... . . .. • ... ..... l~ - 20

Jannse11 D 1·il1i11g Co .... • ....... • ............. • ....... • ... • ....... 22, 23 l<enne,v ick: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 l,al< e heds ................• • ... ... ............... ...... . .. .•. . ...... 1 r, "Location of a1·ea ....................... • . . . .. ..• .......... • ..... . . .. 7 L ocation of the w ell;; . .... .... • .... .. ............. .••.. . ....... 18- 20. :H Loia:- oC w ell at Cold c,·eel< ... .. .•... . ... ...... •..... ..... • .......... 2:l

,vcn at Ringold ... ... .... .. .... ... .•.. .......... ..... ...... . ... ~2 :\lap, explanation of ..... • ..... ••. .... ••. ..... • .. .... • ......... ••. ... 1(1 Non-i rrigahl l' hills .... ... ... • ...... • ....... • ..... ..••.. . ......•. .... 11 Pleistocene age ... .. .... . .. • ... .. . • ....... • ...... • ... • .....•....... 1~

38 Index

Page l ' liocene <tg·e ........... .. . ... . ............... . ........... . ... ..... . 15 Priest Rapicls ................................. . ......•...... • ...... 13 Proposed drain ...... .. ....... . .......... .. .... ....... • .... . .... ... . 30 Publ ish ed m aterial .......... • . . .... . ..... .. .......... . . • .......... !l. 10 Pump, recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Purriose of the report .. ........ . ....... . .. . . . ....................... 7 HA tt lesnake Hill s .... .. ....... . .•.......... . ............... .. •..... J 2 Hecomme nclalions ...... • ..................... • .... • ..... •. .... .. ... 34 Hep len is hment o( w e ll ...... • ... . . • ....... . . . • . . .... ......... • ...... 22 Richland .... ....... ... ........ . ....... • ... . ... . .... . ..•......... ... 13 Ringold formatio n ..... • .......... . .. . . • .... •... ....... • . .. . . • .. .. . 15 Ringold , w e ll of ........•... . ..•.. .. ..... • .... • .. .. . .. .... . . .. ... ... 2~ S:Hl<lll:l Mountain ... . .. . ..... . .. ....... . ...... . . . .. . ...... . ... • ... . . 13 San itation .... . ............. • .. .... .. ....... , ................ . ..... 31 Sanford. Charles M....... . ... . ... . .. ..... . . . . .... . ..... . ... . . . . ... . . 4 Sed imentary fo rmation ... . ....... • ..... ... . . . ....• ... .. . ....... .... 12 S1:epages ... . ... . ... .. . ... . ................. . . .... . ..... . .... . . ... 27, 30 Soldie1· Lancl Settlement P1·oject, lands o r. .. .. .. . • .. . .... . . . ... ... . . 11

Plan o f ... ... . ... . ....... . ............... • . ............ . . ...... Rt.>l::Lli\'e i:c, . . • . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • . • . . • . . • . . . . • 7

Sou ,·ce or underground wate1· ..... . ............. ..... .. . ............ 32 Source or data................. . ................ .. .... . . . . .. . ..... . . n 81wings . .... . ..... . . ............... . . .. ....... . ..... • ........... . 27-30 SupJJI~· o f uncl e 1·grou ncl wate1·-

Loca l ........... .. ... . ........ . .............. .. .. . • .. .. ...... . . 3~ Pos~i bl e . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3~ Princi1,<t l ........... . ........• ... ...... . ........................ s:' Secon<lary ................ . .. • .... . .. . . ...... . .. . . . ..... • ....... 32

s~·nc line .. .. ..... ........... . . .. • . . ........ . ..... . ....... . ...... . 11 . 21 Tahulaliu n o f we ll (lata . . .. ... ..... . ..... , .......... • ............. 16-24 IJJ)-1, eep of w e ll,; ........... • .... • ..... . ....... . .. • .... • ...... . ...... 35 '\Vate r t able ...... .. . • .... ...... . .. ....... • ... . . . . . . ........ . ..... 16-30

Def111ilion o f ............... .. .... .. .. .. .... . ..... .. ............ 26 E levat ion of ... . .. • ....... . ... . .. . .. ... ... ... • . . ....... • .. . . • .. 26 F'lo,,a· o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~ Fluc tuation or ....... . ..... . .......... . . .................... . .. 28

W e lls-Adamson, \V. R., W e ll :slo. 21 ............ .. ...................... : J Agnew. U. S .. \\'ell :'-lo. 136 .............. . ................... .. .. 1 ~ Allanl. S .. W e ll );o. 146 ............ . ................... . .. ....... 20 Andc,·son. P.., \Veil No. i3. ... . . . .. . . . . .. .. ... . . . .............. . .. 19 Angle. C. :'-1 .. W e ll :So. 133 .... . . ..... . ......... . .................. 20 ,\ nglin, :-<. P., 'We ll No. 33 ...... ......... .... . ........ .... ....... 1 S Austin Bro;; .. W e ll No. 151 ...... .. ... . .. .... . • ...... ........ . , .. 20 Aust i11 'Bros .. ,vell :S-o. 152 ...................................... 20 Badger. F. J .. ·well No. 131.... .... .. ... ........................ . 1.9 Ba1·ge. H. D .. \\·ell No. ' 3 ......... . .... . . ............... . ....... . 1!) Beeg. C .. , ,,· e n No. 18 . ............•....•... .. ................•... 1s B e lden. L . \ V. , W e ll K o . 12a .... ............. .. . .... . ........ . ... 19 l3i!<h01), J.. I~ .. W e ll No. I 24 .. ...... . .. .. ..... . .. ............. . ... I~ B lack le r . .r,, h n , ·w e ll No. 43 ...... . .... . .......... . .... . .... .. . ... 18 Bleak le y, .1. l•' .. "\Ve il N o. G9 ........... . ......... .. .......... . ... 19 Bol e, H. r< .. , ;veil No. 56 ............... . .............. . .... .. ... J S Bonn, F . .r .. \\"e ll No. 1 &2 .... . .... .... ... .... ................. ... 19 B1·an11ick. M. S .. ·w ell No. 121 ............................... . .... 19 Brice. v.· el I No. 96. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Briggs. C. E., W e ll !':o. 51 ......... . ... . . . ... ............ . . ..... 18 B J'iscoe. S. ~-. W e ll :So . 101 .......... . . .. ..... .. . .. ...... .. . ..... 19

30

W e lls-Con t inued. Pa.ye Brook s, L. 'l' .. \'V eil No. ' .... .. ... .. ..... . ........... . . . .. . ... . .. 18 B r o wn. J\ ., , .v.,11 N o. I i;~ .. .. .. .. ................... . ... .. .. . . .... 20 B 1·own, Fl .. W e ll No. 12 ...... .. .... . ... . ...... . .......... . ...... IS B,·o wn, Th os., \ Ve il No. 172 .. . ... ....... . ....... . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. . 20 Buc k ho lclt. O. C., 'We ll N o. l ~ .................. . . . . ...... . .... .. I~ Burch. D . . T.. W ell No. 1 G6 . .. . ....... . . . .. . . . ......... .. . . . . .... 20 Burro rcl. C. E .. \Ve il N o. 26 .. ...... . ...... . ................ .. .. .. 1 Cla r k . J . ;,.1 .• \\'e ll N o. :io . . . ......... •................ •.......... ll> C la r k, L. H . . W e ll r-.o. 27 ....... .. ..... ... ....... . .. . . . .. . . ..... 1 · Coct <l ing . L. A ., ·w e ll N o. 1:l2 .......... . .. . ......... . .... . ...... . 20 Cole man, C. C., ·w .,11 N o. 99 ...... . .. . .... . .... . ....... . ... . .... . J!I Col ema n. E. C .. W e ll No. 70 .... .. ... .. ..... .. ............... . ... 19 Cole m a n, J . E .• W e ll No. lii6 ........... . ........................ 20 Conkle . .J. F .. W e ll Ko. 22 ... . ... . ............. . ....... .. .. ... ... 18 Cords . . E .. ·w ell N o. H J ... ... .. .. . .. . ......... . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .... . 20 Coulson. '\oVm. , " "ell No. 1.i-1 . . ............. . ......... . ........ . 21) Da111 ye1·, C .• ·wen No. 137 ....... .... • .....•.. . . . . . • ... . .......... 20 Da rcgio, C .. ·w e ll No. ZS ........... . ......... . . . .. . ...... . ...... 1s D areg- iv. . . \Ve il N o. 5S ........ . ... . • .... . • •• ... ... .. •• ......... Dar egio. C. , \\'ell No. li6 ....... . ....... . ..... .. .. . ...... . ...... 20 Da regio . '\oVe ll N o. 17 . ... ........ . ............. .. . .. ....... . .... 20 De V c urve. J. H .. W e ll N o. 60 . . .... . ...... .. ......... . .......... 1S D e Veu,·vc, .J. H .. '\oVe ll N o. 61. ....... . ...... . ................ . .. H Edwards, F . D .. ,,·e11 N o. JOO .. . ............ . ............ .. ..... J 'I E il e rtson. C .. \o\/,-11 N,,. !l l ............ . .. .. ............ .. ........ 1fi E il e rtson . H., '\oVe ll No. 173 ... . ...... . ........ .. . . . ..... . .... . .. 20 l!:tr, A. \ V .. \Vei l No. :i!I ........................ . ...... . ........ 1S Evel l. A. (;., \>Ve il No. ~2 .. . ...... • ..... .. • . ... . .......... .. • .... 1~ t,; vett, .T. E., \\/ e ll No. a l . .. . ... . .. . ... . ..••. .. .. . . . . • ..... .. .... l. S F annin g-. S. v .. W e ll . No. l li . . .... .. ... .. .. . ............... . .. ... l!l F it:1.g ib h o n , \V e il No. 130 ......... . ........ . .......... . ....... . .. 1:1 Fry . 'L. N . . \\' e ll .'lo. 1~9 .. ..... .. . .. ...... . ...... .. ........ . ..... 20 G:ll'ce. S., \ .Veil N <l, 175 . .... . ........ .. .. ..... ... .. . .... .... . .. . . 20 G ,·anl. 8 .. ,\1 (' 11 No. 15 ............ . .. ... .. . . ..... .. .. .. . ..... . ... l S G rant, l{ . E .. W ell N o. 67 . ....... . ....... . ........ . . . . . .. • ....... 10 G r eenfi e lcl. W e ll No. 14 0 .. .. ..... . ...... . ................ . ...... 21! G r ego,-~·. \\' m .. n "cll No. lO;l ..... . ..... . .......... .. .. . ........ . rn Grell, A., \ ·Ve il :-Jo. 63 ....... . ..... . .......... . ... . ............. JS G r oss. M . W .. \\' e ll :-J o . 39 .. ... . .... .. ... . ....................... lb G 1·u enharen, H. \\' .. ·w e ll X o. 84 ........ . .......... . .... . ... . .... 19 H a ll B r o!< .. \\' e ll No . 139 ... ....... . ........... .. .. . ............. 2•) '.Hanfo r d R:111c h. W e ll No. 74 ... ... . . • . ..... • .......... . .. . ..... l !I H.a n fo 1·,1 Ra n c h , W ell ;-;o , 7fi . . ........ . .. .. .. . .......... . ... . . .. 1~ H a r t. C .. \\' e ll N o. J!I ............... .. . .. .. .. .. ........ . ........ lf: H a wley, I .. \Ve il No. 87 ........ . ..... . .. .......... . .......... . .. 1:1 H a ~·nes. M. B .. W e ll ?\ o. H2 .............. . .. . . ............ .. .... . 20 H eath, 'I'. H .. '\oVe ll No. 17 .......... . .. ...... . .. .. ............... 18 H e n 1·)' , H . C., ~Ve ll :-Jo. 167.. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. • .. .. . • .. . .. . .. . . • . . . 20 'f[e ns lay. F . X .. \Ve il ~ o . 174 .. . ... . .. .. . ....... . ... . ........ . ... 20 Hic ks. F. FL W e ll N o. l G .... .. ... . ... .. ....... .. .. . ... . ... . . . .. JS H ill, F . M .. \\' e ll Ko. l fi9 .. . ......... .. .. . ....... . ..... . ...... . .. 20 H i ll . , ,, ,e ll No. ISO .. . .. . ........ . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. ......... .. . . .... 2i: H o r man. A . IL W e ll :-.o. 1 10 ...... . ... .. . . ..... . ..... .. .... .. .. . I~ B o rma n. ,\ . E., \Ve ll N o. 111 ............. .. .. .. ..... . ....... .. 1!' B o uck. :'ll. E., W e ll i'. o. !) .. •• ...• • .•• . ••.•••..•• •• •• •• •..• • • • • . • 1~ Hunt. A. le., \V e ll ;,,Jo . 105 . . ........ . ... . .......... . . ... .. ...... .. J :1 .Teager, 0 . H .. \Ve il r-lo . 15-1 ...... . .... ... ................. . ..... 2~ J ohnson , C. M .. W e ll No. us ..... . ... .. .. . ...... .. ............... 1 ~

40 Index

\\" ells--Conlin u Nl. Po9c J o h nxo 11 . ,J. A .. W c; II No. SJ ....... . ...... .................. . ..... 1 9 .Johus ton, O. ,v., ·we ll No. 5 .............. • ...... . .. . ............. IS .Jo unlan. J .. ,ve il ;'lo. 69 . ................. ... ................... 19 Judd, R. w., ,rPII :-:o . 133 ... . .... ................. ............ . 19 K eal. W. H., W e ll No. 163 . . .. . . •. ......... • . . ... • .... ........... 20 K e l'I', \ Vrn ., \V e ll No. r,4 ... .. .. .. ... ......•.....•...••. ......... 1 S Ki~er. ,l <>seph. \Y d l Xo. 11 6 . .... .... . .. .......................... 1n ·Knaub, A.H .. ·w e ll r-:o. l nG .... . . . .............. . ..... ... . .. .. .. . 20 K110 1I, A .. W e ll N o . 157 ........•. ... ••.• • •.. . •.....•.• .• .•• •. • . tO Krug, L. C. , \ Ve ll Xo. 61; ...... ... ........... . .......... ......... 1 l ,arson. C. N .. W e ll No. I 77 ............. ..... ....... . .... . .... . . 20 L e w is. L. L .. ,Ve il No. I O·l ...... . . ..... ... . . ..... .... . .. .. . . . .... 19 Loson. J oh n, \Y e ll l\o . 49 ................... . ........... . ........ 1 • L<>velancl, E. :,./ .. W e ll No. 126 .............. . . .... . .. . .......... .. J9 ;v1cCon nachi e, A .. W el l No. 36 ............ .. .. . . . . . ... . .... .. .... 18 :wcconnachle. G., Well No. 35 .... ... .. . .... . .... . ..... . ......... 1 :Vfc-Donnell, R. W., W ell N o. 23 .. .. .. • .... . • .. . ....... • . . ........ 1 8 ) ,fc D0n1H~ll. R. ,v .. \V e 11 ~ o. 24 . . .. . .... . ... • . . . .. . . . ..•.......... lR )'lcI"ee. J .. W e ll l'\o. WI •............... .. ..•.•• . ...• .. • . .. . • .•..• 1n ) lc(1 la u g- hll11. C. L ., \Y e ll No. 3~ ......... .. ..... . .... .. ........... 1$ ~JcKay. Wm .. Well N o. 78 ......... . .... . . .. . .. . ... . . .... . .... . .. 1!1 ~·l c Muny . 1.. \V e ll Ko. i>3 . .. .......... . . •• . . ....••. ••. . . .....• .. 19 )lacorn be 1·, .J.. W e ll N o. 37 ... . . ... . ..... . .................... .. .. H Meeks. :IL S .. ·well Ko. 13S . .. ............. . .. .................... 20 :11ik c l, \ Ve il Xo. l C.4 .......... . ........... .. .... .................. 20 :VI i lle ,·, L .. r.. '.\' e ll ::.i o. 147 ................ .. ...... . ..... . .. .. . .. . 20 )li ll e r Ranc h. W t: 11 Ko. 14 $ . . ..... .... .. . ... . ..... . ............. 20 )foede. vVm., W e ll Xo. 142 .............. . ............... . ........ 20 Moon , . \Ve il No. J7 0 . . ..................•.... • ....... . . ......•.. 20 ) Jo ,.rison. ,v. l~ .. W e ll No. 52 ............ . .. .. ... .... . . .. . .... . .. 1 8 :l'lowe ll. J . W .. W e ll Xo. 106 ...... . .. . . • ......... .. ...... . ..•.... 19 Nichols. Rob., W e ll No. 20 ...... .. ..... . ..... ... .. . ........ ..... . 18 MILZSCh C. R obt., W ell N o. 112 ...... . .. . . .. . ...................... 19 O'B1·ie n, M. Ii' .. W e ll No. 92 ............ . .................... . .. .. 1 g O lle man, F . E .. " 'e ll No. 5 . ....................... . . . ........... 18 l',u;chen. H . F .. \ V t' II N o. l ......... . ............... ..... .... . ... . 1 P eck . A . L" .. \Veil N o. 11 9 .... . . ... . ............... . .............. 1\l H ackliff. C., W e ll No. 76 ............. . ..................... . ..... 1 0 Hackl iff, C .. W e ll l\o . 7 1 ...... . ...... . .. ..... .. ... .......... .... 19 H ern lingel', E. F' .. \\' e ll l\o.150 .. . .......... .... .. . .............. . 20 Hich a 1·cl. C. C .. W <> ll Ko. 85 ..... ...... .. ......................... 19 Hlc hmo nrl, J. P .. \V e il No. 155 ................. ... .... . ...... .. . 20 Riegle, A .. '\Ve il No. 3 ............... •... .. • ........... .... • . ... I H obel'LS, R. J .. W e ll No. 14 5 . ............. . .... .......... . .. ..... 20 nohertson. ·w e ll No. l 71 .......................... . ......... . ... 20 Robinson. H.F. .. \\' e ll l\o. ·125 .................... . ......... .. ... 1~ Ro l ph. c .. \ .Yell No. H .. .......... • .. . • ......... •• .. .. • .... • . ... I ~ R o lph , W . H., \ ·Ve il No. 45 .......... .. .... . . .... . ... . . .... .. ... .. 18 Root. B. c .. vVe ll N o. 47 ...... .. . .... . .... . ...... . .... ......... .. t S H oo t . C. G., W e ll No. 48 .... .. ... . ....... ................. . ..... I S Salvina. B., \Ye ll No. 4 ................ .. . . .... ............... ... l.S Salvina . C., \\'e ll :S:o. 102 ............ ... ......... . . .............. 19 Sai,p. H. D., W e ll No. 169 ............................ ....... ... 20 School. \ Ve il Xo. 9 . .................... . ............... ......... 18 Shaw. C. '\V .. W e ll No. 93 .............. . ............... . ........ 1)

S ho wa l ter, N . ]) .. \ Veil N o. 72..... . .................... . .. . J 3 S impson, A ., W e ll No. 34 ......... • .. .... .. .. ..... • ..... • ... . . . . . 1 Sla\'ins. G. T .. W e ll ::.io. 42 ....... . .... .. .... . ......... . ......... 1s

l11dex -n

,ve lls-<.:o nc luded. P flfJC

~luvo ne, ~·I. H .. \\.ell l'-o. I GO..... . ...... . .. . ... . ... .. .. .. . .. .. 20 !Sloa n , C. W .. " 'e ll N o. 46 ........ •.. ... ••• ... .. .•..•....... .. .. .. 11\ Smilh .. la~· . \\'e ll X o. 13 .. ......... .. .. . ... . . .... ... . . ...... . ..... 1 Snyde1·, <.: .. \\' e ll :'\'o . i .. ... . . ... . ......• .. .... .. .. . . ........... . . 1 ' Ste1)henson. A •. W e ll :'\'o. ~5 ................. .. ......... . .. . ...... 1l> S.v ffonl. J . c .. w .,11 :\ 11. 4l. ......... . ...... .. ...... . . .. ...... . ... 1~ Tii y lo r, ~·I. , ·w e ll i:\o. 71 ............ .. ................ . ...... ... .. lb 'l'e clfo ,·cl .. r. E .. W e ll :--: o. lH ........................ .. ... ......... J!J

Town \\' e ll No . I. W e l l 1':o. 107 ...... • .. . ... . ... . ............ • ... 19 T o wn W e ll i:\o. 2. ,veil "1o. IOii ........... ... .. . .. ....... ... .. .... l!l T 1·0 111anhauser. J . B .. \Y e ll No . 89 .. .. ... . . .. • .. . ..... ..•.....•. . . 19 T1·omanlHIU><Pr, J . IL W e ll N,). !Ill .......... . ...... " ........ . .... 1~ T1·omunhause 1·, J .. \Ye ll :-.: o. 94 ........... . .. ..... . .... . ..... ... . I ~ '.f1·onrnnhauser, .J .. \\'e ll No. 9~ . .. ...................... .. ........ rn Yun Akin. H. H . . -w e ll ts r,. 129 . ............. . .. .. .. . .. . .... .. .. . . rn \'un Akin. W e ll :'.\o. 179 ............. • . .. . .... •. ........ •• ..... • .. ,O Y o n H e t·b e r g . l.. , -v e i l :'\'o. 1~3 . ...... . ... . .. . .......... . ...... ... 20 Van Yle t e, W e l l 1':o. 113 .................... ... . ..... . ..... . . . .. . lV v\'acle. J;; •. \\'e ll No . J 2S . ... .. .......... .. . .. ..... .. ... . .......... 19 Wug 11 e ,·. u:,1 .. -w e ll x o. ms ............... .. ... ... . ... . .. ... . .... 20 \\' e b e r . .J . P .. \\/ e ll No, rn .. . .......... . ...... . ... ............. ... 19 \Ye bb,ll·, \\'. S .. W e ll :-C ci. ~0 . .. .. . ... .. . . ... • .... . .... • .......... U W eh m ei er. W. H .. W e ll :'\o . 2!1 ....... . ....... ..... . ....... ....... 1 -w e ll, P. :\I . . -w e ll No. t35 . . . . .............. ... ........ . .......... io \V e nn e,·. ,~ .. v\/ e ll No. f.2 ..... .. .......... .. ...... ..... . .... . .... U v\lhale.v & Gregg, \\'ell N o. 101 ...... ......•• . .. .. ..... • ........ .. 20 \\'hee l e r. A., W e ll Ne,. 2 ........ ... . ....... . .. . . ............ . ... Ji; vVl1 e la11, :\'lark. W e ll No. 53 .. ..... .... .... ... ..... . . .......... ... IS Whe lan. :\iark. \\' e ll :-,.:o _ 54. .. .. . ....... . .. . .... ... . .. . .......... J S \-Vhitney. C has., W e ll :-,.:o . S~ ........ . ...... . .......... . .......... J9 \\'hirn ey. C has., \V e il N o . sfi .. .. . .......... • .... ..... • .... . . • . .. . l!l \Villiams. R. :VI., " ·e ll N (>. 127 ............ .. .. ... . . .. . ...... ... .. J!J " ' ill ia m s . 'l'ho s., \\' e ll No. 80 .... ... . ...... .... .. ... . . . . .. ... . . .. l!l vVi l:;011 , W ell l'\o. 16fi ...... ...... .... . ... . . .... . .. . ........ . .... 20 , ,,·itte, .J.. \V e 11 No. 10 . .... .. .... . .. . . .. .. ... . .. . .. ......... .. ... 1~ \-Vill e, .J .• W e ll No. 11. .... . ....... . ...... .. .. ... .... . . . . ... . .... 18 \ 0V ooch ;. H. R .. " 'e ll N o. 120 .... ........ . ... . .. .. .. . ... . ......... . 19 \.V. P . T11v. Co., " "ell Xo. 10~ .. ... . ... ..... .. ...... . ... . . . .. . . ... . 19 \\'rig-In. I.. 'N,·11 :So . 143 ..... .. ........ . . .• ... . ..... • . ... .. • .... 21, Zane, A. H., \Veil No. 59 ........ . ...... .. .... . . . . .. .... .. .. ... . lS

'\Vhi te B luffx. location o f ............. . .. . . .. .... . .. . ......... .. .... 7 E :sc:.11·1,n1c n t •> f . . .......... • .. . ... . . ... ... • ...... . . .• . ..... .. . ... 12

\\'ill<in:;on . T). S . ........... .. ...... .. .... ..... • . ... .. . .. . . .......... !I

'.T.14 N.-

R. 24 E.

LEGEND

0 Dom .. sVic, well.

e lrri9cticn w•ff.

i v.,Vieol ,,,.,,..,b&r above w•II {I +o 160) ~,o .,,b·,tr"r;IJ t"Hen for reference.

I/ ., o_cl.

cl,+ch no+ 1;,. .. d (<: o ,I h).

-----PrObob!t1 " " i • 5·1antin!:) """"~•r below W&II io .1,..,,otior,

of waf•r411rfoea in w•!I dur ;n.9 Oofob•r 19 to 26, 1921, de+.,,,..;.,.,; b;1 1011n.lin!l

w•ll ond compu+;".9 appreximo+• • ·1evotion "f ,.,,f""" of w•II f,om da+o 9iv•n on +opo,rophio mopa.

~ Stoia lan<:b to be con,idar•d,

Seo la.

................ ,Con+oet b,,tw.,on prou,nt r;v•r :3ro.,,•I

bed ond ol.l .,11,.,viol Hood plo;n .

---·-· Con+cc+ befwean boaoJ• ond ollu,/,a l

flood rlo,n.

----"-Gantocf be+wasn f'0,motio'1 ,

b.;uol+ and lake bed

- ... - .. ,co,.,~!!cl b,.+w,u" /.,~ .. b,id ,::,,.,,I o/1,.,viol flood ploin.

formolion

Ii. _., .. t'.beaa'T'.c....;,'·"=="'T'.""-"'"1- ""·'·

R .. 25 E .

STATE OF WASHING TON DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

0. A. SCOTT, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF GEOLOGY S. SHEDD, SUPERVISOR

MAP OF

WHITE BLUFFS HANFORD DISTRICT'

SHDWINO FEATURES RELATING TO

UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY

o .. + ..

PREPARED BY OLAF' P. JENKINS

GEOLOGIST IN CHARGE !9.?I

to~an fro,.. ,.., op• us. s .. , ... ., <rl

p••r<>••d by H o-,fo,d Irrigat ion Praj• el>. Soil• a .. d U.S. G .. olor<:o:al .S"'""::J·

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INOE'.X MAP ore WASI-IINGTON

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S1-10W1NG LOCATION OF' WHITE BLUl"J'C.S 1--lANJ'COAO OISTAICT

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