Presentation of Main Project on

UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT LOCATION USING ARDUINO,GSM & GPS

  

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CONTENTProject overviewCircuit DiagramHardware Requirement:Arduino UNO.Power supply.GSM & GPSLCD.Serial communication.Relay.Software requirements:Source Code .Schematic & Working of the project.Advantages & Applications.Conclusion & Acknowledgement.

Project OverviewThe project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor.

The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable in case there is a short circuit of LL or 3L or LG etc.

The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is then fed to analog input of programmed microcontroller would display the same in Kilo meters.

The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in KMs and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the same.

Respectively detect the fault & send sms to mobile with GPS Location.

Circuit diagram HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

8051 series Microcontroller, LCD, Crystal, ADC, Relays, Relay Driver IC, Transformer, Diodes, Voltage Regulator, Resistors, Capacitors, LEDs, slide switches.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Keil Compiler

Language: Embedded C or Assembly.

Arduino UNO It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet).

It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC battery to get started..

Image of development board

Contd…..

The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.

If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed to perform useful functions.

ATMEGA328P High Performance, Low Power Atmel®AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller

Family • Advanced RISC Architecture – 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution – 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers – Fully Static Operation – Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20MHz – On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier • High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments – 32KBytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash program Memory – 1KBytes EEPROM – 2KBytes Internal SRAM – Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM – Data Retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1) – Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits • In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program • True Read-While-Write Operation – Programming Lock for Software Security

Memory The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB occupied by the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written withthe EEPROM library)

ULN2003

ULN is mainly suited for interfacing between low-level circuits and multiple peripheral power loads.

The series ULN20XX high voltage, high current darlington arrays feature continuous load current rating.

A Darlington pair is two transistors that act as a single transistor but with a much higher current gain.

Power supplyAll digital circuits require regulated power supply

The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a step down transformer.

This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.

The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to the input pin of voltage regulator 7805.

At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is used for MC and other ICs in this project.

A relay is an electrically operated switch.

Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.

The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and have double throw (changeover) switch contacts as shown in the diagram.

Relay

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines,

respectively.

The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which

receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD .

 Pin  Symbol Function 1  Vss  Ground 2  Vdd  Supply Voltage 3  Vo  Contrast Setting 4  RS  Register Select 5  R/W  Read/Write Select

 6  En  Chip Enable Signal

 7-14  DB0-DB7  Data Lines

 15  A/Vee  Gnd for the backlight

 16  K  Vcc for backlight

Contd.. If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11

data lines(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)

The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW

EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)

RS=Register Select. When RS=0; data is treated as a command & When RS=1; data being sent is text data.

R/W=Read/Write . When RW=0; the data written to the LCD & When RW=0; the data reading to the LCD.

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world.

GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA).

GSM operates in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last decade.

GSM

LS2302L is a GPS receiver (also known as GPS mouse) with 8-megabyte flash memory for GPS data logger.

It can record up to 260,096 data points in a circular or FIFO format.

At the same time, it also outputs real time GPS NMEA data for navigation.

NMEA record Description

GGA Global positioning system fixed data

GLL Geographic position - latitude/longitude

GSA GNSS DOP and active satellites

GSV GNSS satellites in view

RMC Recommended minimum specific GNSS data

VTG Course over ground and ground speed

GPS MODULEThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Serial2222

Serial Communication

When a processor communicates with the outside world, it provides data in byte sized chunks. Computers transfer data in two ways: parallel and serial.

In parallel data transfers, often more lines are used to transfer data to a device and 8 bit data path is expensive.

The serial communication transfer uses only a single data line instead of the 8 bit data line of parallel communication which makes the data transfer not only cheaper but also makes it possible for two computers located in two different cities to communicate over telephone.

Serial data communication uses two methods, asynchronous and synchronous.

Software RequiredKeil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers,

debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, and emulators for

ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to

object code.

Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying

microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors. http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage.

Contd.. i.e., the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86

(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler

then compiler is a program that translates source code into object

code.

Working of projectThe project uses a set of resistances in series i.e.

R1 ,R2,&R3 as shown in the circuit diagram, one set for each phase.

Each series resistors represents the resistance of the underground cable for a specific distance thus 4 such resistances in series represent 1-3kms.

3 relays are used to common point of their contacts are grounded.

Indicate the fault location on LCD screen& send the messege to the mobile with GPS

ADVANTAGES:1.THE MAIN USE THIS PROJECT IS CABLE FAULT DETCTING

UNDER GROUNDS. 2.LOW COST.3.LESS COMPLEXITY.4.LONG DISTANCE APPLICATIONS.

APPLICATIONS:1.INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2.GROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION APPLCIATIONS 3.ELECTRICAL CABLE FAULT DETCTION APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

The project “UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION USING GSM AND GPS ” has been successfully designed and tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.

AcknowlegementMOHAMMED ABDUL SOHAIL {EEE}

(160713734005).

SYED AMER {EEE}(160713734021).

MOHAMMED AMER KHAN {EEE}(160713734015).

ANY ………….?