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Transcript of Under construction!!!
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CIS Market in Salicylic
Acid and its Derivatives
Chemical Industry
of Uzbekistan
2
(8
5) l March
l 2
01
4
Nunquam petrorsum,
semper ingrediendum
Review of the Global
Polyimide Market
Interplastica 2014:
Good Prospects
for Russias Plastics Industry
-
Uzbek Chemical Industry Russian Pigment Producers
Estonian Chemical Industry Belarusian Chemical Industry
Kazakh Chemical Industry
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03/2013 Chloromethanes in CIS: Production and MarketRussian and Ukrainian Market for Benzoic Acid and BenzoatesRevolution at the Global Helium Market on the AgendaCIS Production and Market of Talc Slip Additives for Production of WoodPlastic Composites
04/2013 International Conference ''Oil and Gas Chemistry 2013''Styrene Production and Market in Russia/CISRussian Phenol Production in 2012 Russian Market of Selenium in 2012Production and Market of Complexones in CIS
05/2013 Russian Epoxy Resins Production and MarketThe Russian Polypropylene Market: Waiting for Revolution Chinese Phenol and Acetone Market: Review and OutlooksRussia's Market for Fuel Additives
06/2013 Plastics Recycling: Profitable and VersatileProduction and Market of Propylene in Russia/CISUkrainian Manufacture of Nitrogen Fertilisers in April, 2013CIS Silicon Dioxide MarketHeading into H2: Key Russian Chemical Players Announced Q1, 2013 Results
07/2013 Overview of Russian Market for Unconventional Cable CompoundsRussian Tyres Market: Current State and OutlooksSodium Sulphate Production in Russia Ukrainian Output of Mineral Fertilisers in May, 2013Tracking Corrosion with Ultrasound
08/2013 Bioplastics: an Alternative with a Future?Russian Production of Ureafuran Resins Ukrainian Production of Basic Inorganics and Mineral Fertilisers in H1, 2013Review of the Russian Vulcanisation Accelerators Market Tall Oil Production and Market in Russia
09/2013 Plastics in ElectronicsProduction of Formalin in Russian FederationRussian Production of Benzene in 2011H1, 2013Production and Market for Soda Ash in CISRussian Market for Demulsifiers for Oil Extraction
10/2013 Trends in the Global and Russian PPS MarketProduction and Market for Urea in CISRussian Market for PVC ThermostabilisersKazakhstan Petrochemical Industry Waiting for Sweeping Changes
11/2013 Market for Aramid Fibres in CISEthylene Oxide Market in RussiaPhosphorus Market in the CISUkrainian Output of Basic Inorganics in September, 2013Kazakhstan Defines Top Priority Chemical Commodities for Future Production
1/2014 Review of Global Polyimide Market CIS Market in Salicylic Acid and its Derivatives nterplastica 2014 : Good Perspectives for Russia's Plastic IndustryChemical Industry of Uzbekistan
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Polymers
A Review of the Global Polyimide Market
Interplastica 2014 : Solid Business and
Good Prospects for Russias Plastics and
Rubber Industry
Prices
Rubbers & tyres
Organics
CIS Market in Salicylic Acid and its
Derivatives
Prices
Inorganics
Agrochemistry
Summing up Ukrainian Fertilisers
Production in 2013: No Light at the End
of the Tunnel
Prices
Specialty chemicals
Paints & coatings
Chemistry and business
A systemic analysis of an economic policy
of regulating hydrocarbons ows worldwide
under the conditions of the 'shale gas
revolution'
EuroChem Reports IFRS Financial
Information for 2013
Chemical equipment
Certicates for Industrial Equipment and
Installations Needed to Access Market of
Customs Union
Countries and regions
Chemical Industry of Uzbekistan
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Contents
the permission of the publisher.
#12(84) December 2013
2
Polymers
2013: Flagship Event in Plastics
Industry
Polymers Production Goes Up
in Russia
Prices
Rubbers & tyres
SIBUR Increases its Butyl Rubber
Production Capacity in Togliatti
Ukrainian Tyres Production Up
36.4% in October, 2013
Prices
Organics
On the Way to MDI. Nitrobenzene
market in Russia and the CIS
Acrylic Acid Complex Construction
Starts in Bashkortostan
Russian Methanol Production
in 2012-2013
Prices
Inorganics
Ukrainian Output of Basic
Inorganics in October, 2013
Cherkasy Azot Upgrades Ammo-
nia Shopoors
World-scale Copper Ore-Dressing
Plant Commissioned in Russia
Prices
Agrochemistry
Phosphorite Meal Production
in Russia
Stamicarbon Goes East
Ukrainian Production of Mineral
Fertilisers in October, 2013
Sunkar to Build NP Fertiliser Plant
in Kazakhstan
Prices
Specialty chemicals
Rostec, Rosneft and Pirelli
to Develop New Materials
for Tyres
Prices
Paints & coatings
Tambov-based Pigment Intro-
duces New Products
Prices
Pharmaceuticals
Rafarma Pharmaceuticals
Announces Large Private
Placement
Chemistry and energy
Chemical Aspects of Solar Energy:
Polycrystalline Silicon Market
in the CIS
TVEL to Construct Nuclear
Chemical Fuel Plant in Ukraine
Chemistry and business
Uralchem Reports IFRS Financial
Results for Q1-3, 2013
Rosneft Demonstrates Strong
Financial Performance
SIBUR Reports Q1-3, 2013 IFRS
Results
Chemical equipment
Uralmashplant at the Cutting
Edge of Russian Industry
Modernisation
Countries and regions
Ukrainian Output of Chemical
and Related Products
in November, 2013
India Ready to Invest in Chemi-
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2 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers www.chemmarket. info
A Review of the Global Polyimide Market
Polyimides (PIs) is a group of high performance polymers with excellent thermal, mechanical, and physi-cal properties. Owing to their outstanding characteristics, they are useful over a wide range of applications including the production of printed circuit boards, fasteners, and chemically resistant products. Polyimides take an especial position in the development of innovative technologies, where light-weight materials with high strength, flexibility, inertness, and a broad range of working temperatures are required.
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3 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
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DuPonts baby
The first information about the synthe-sis of aromatic polyimides dates back to
1908. A big contribution to the develop-ment and introduction of polyimides was
made by DuPont, which brought to market
Kapton H films, Vespel moulded parts,
and Pyre-ML insulating varnish. To obtain
its first Kapton polyimides, the company
employed pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA)
and 4,4-oxydianiline (ODA). Figure 1 shows a diagram of the condensation of
these chemical products.
The process developed by DuPont
includes two stages: firstly, polyamic
acid is synthesised and secondly, the
acid undergoes imidization. Dianhydride
and diamine are used as mother sub-stances (Table 1). The condensation is
Table 1. Basic dianhydrides and diamines used for polyimide production Dianhydride Diamine
Formula Abbreviation Name Formula Abbreviation Name
PMDA Pyromellitic anhydride pDA p-phenylenediamine
BPDA Diphenyl dianhydride mDA m-phenylenediamine
BTDA Benzophenone dianhydride DAB Benzidine
DSDADiphenyl sulfone dianhydride
DABP Diamine-benzophenone
ODPA Oxydiphthalic anhydride DDSDiaminodiphenyl
sulphone
HQDA Oxydiphthalic anhydride ODA Oxydianiline
BPADABisphenol-A-diphthalic
anhydride BisDA Bisphenol-A-diamine
Figure 1. Obtaining polyimide from PMDA and ODA
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4 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers www.chemmarket. info
carried out at low and medium tem-peratures in a polar, aprotic solvent, for
instance, in N,N-dimethylformamide,
N,N-dimethylacetmide or in N-methyl- pyrrolidone.
The process involving the obtaining of the
soluble prepolymer has been for more than
fifty years the main technology of polyimide
production. The point is that most polyimides
are insoluble and high melting due to their
flat aromatic and heteroatomic structure.
Therefore, their processing into some articles
can only be possible provided that they are
solved in polyamic acid. The use of the solv-ing route allowed for commercial production
of polyimides.
The intermediate polyamic acid is con-verted to polyimide by thermal or chemical
imidization. Thermal imidization is con-ducted at 100350 C basically for manufac-turing PI films, while chemical imidization is
used for producing moulded goods as well as
films and fibres. At that point, aliphatic car-boxylic acid anhydride and tertiary amine are
added to polyamic acid. The typical auxilliary
chemical reagents for this process are acetic
anhydride, pyridine and triethylamine. At the
final stage of the chemical imidization, the
polymer is shortly heated up to around 300
C so as to reach a higher conversion degree
and to remove the remains of the solvent.
The chemical imidization excludes a counter
reaction, thus allowing for obtaining polyim-ides with higher and more stable mechanical
properties (Table 2). However, due to the usage of additional reagents, the final product
is more expensive. Leading global producers
of polyimide films use namely this chemical
process of imidization, whereas the Chinese
producers - the thermal route. As a result, the
products of the first have an integral proce-dural decomposition temperature of 200240
C and polyimides of the second only about
130 C.
Apart from the two-stage method there
is also a one-stage route for producing
polyimide used for polyimides soluble in
organic solvents at a polymerisation tem-perature of (180220 C). Nitrobenzene,
m-cresol, and high-boiling polar aprotonic
amide solvents are used as solvents. The
high temperature solving polymerisation
occurred in the presence of such catalysts
as quinoline, tertiary amines and carboxy-lates of alkali metals or zinc. This method
is especially efficient for polymerising
dianhydrides and diamines with low reac-tivity and enables one to produce high
crystallinity polyimides.
Using bis-ester anhydride as a dianhydride
component, polyesterimides - amorphous
thermoplastic polymers are produced,
which can further be processed by injection
moulding methods. Shrinking polyimide
resins are obtained by adding low molecular
maleimide, acetylene, benzene dicarbinol
(benzocyclobutene) groups. These resins
find application in the impregnation of textile
fibres and in composites production.
A polymer basis of electronics
To synthesise polyimides, a broad set of
monomers are employed as well as various
methods. Therefore, properties of polymers
may vary within a wide range.
Polyimidies possess exclusively high ther-mal resistance. They begin decomposing only
at temperatures higher than 450 C. At the
same time, polyimides are resistant to oxida-tion, moisture, acids, alkalies, solutions of
salts, organic solvents and specialised liquids
even at increased temperatures. However,
polyimides that contain fragments of PMDA
and monoaromatic amines, e.g. pDA, have
lower resistance to hydrolysis.
Good dielectric properties of polyim-ides determine their wide application in
the electronic industry as dielectrics, flex-ible substrates and wire insulation. Fluoride-
containing polyimides possess the best
dielectric properties.
Outstanding properties are conditioned by
a structure of a polymer chain and intermo-lecular interactions. Molecules of polyimide
have rigid aromatic chains. There are two
types of interactions between polyimide
chains: firstly, between aromatic rings of
fragments of dianhydride and diamine form-ing a complex with charge transfer and sec-ondly, between dipoles of carbonyl groups
of the dianhydride fragment (in this case the
polymer is nonpolar as a whole).
Most polyimides are produced in the form
of films. Polyimide films have high mechani-cal properties. Their relative elongation at
break amounts to 30120%, tensile strength
170270 MP, and modulus of elasticity
no more than 3 GPa. Breakdown voltage
of polyimide film with a thickness of 1mcm
is no more than 200 V. Besides, these films
possess high radiation resistance. Polyimide
Table 2. Comparison of chemical and thermal polyimide films
PropertyPolyimide film
Chemical Thermal
Physical properties (strength and relative elongation)
IsotropicAnisotropic (difference
up to 40%)
Shrinkage (at 200 C during two hours)
Less than 0,05% Up to 1%
Dielectric breakdown, W/mm Around 7 Around 5,5
Moisture absorption (during 24 hours)
Less than 2,8% Around 4%
Width, (max.) 1570 1000
Length, (max.) 4000 1500
Source: Saint-Gobain HPM
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5 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymerswww.chemmarket. info
films are coated with acrylic and organosili-con compounds for manufacturing self-adhe-sive tapes. Also, an adhesive layer is applied
to them in order to glue copper foil (on one
or two sides). Such films are further supplied
to manufacturers of printed circuit boards
for producing flexible circuits and cable
connections. When an extremely thin layer
of copper (less than 12 mcm) is required or
the presence of adhesives is undesirable, the
copper is applied to polyimide film either by
evaporation deposition or by coating copper
foil with polyimide varnish followed by its
hardening. The films with reflective coatings
are obtained by adding organic silver salts,
e.g., complex acetates, to a polyamic acid
solution. While imidizing, it occurs silver
reduction. Silver further migrates to the sur-face of the film forming a reflective coating.
For many years, poyimides have been used
in electrical engineering and the aerospace
industry for insulating special purpose wires.
In the aerospace industry, they are used as
protective coating for solar cells and other
important equipment.
Also, microporous membranes, thin wall
tubes, fibres, foam materials are made from
them. Polyimide tubes are manufactured
by layer-by-layer application to the surface
of a metal mandrel, which is subsequently
retracted.
Such tubes find aplication gas chromotog-raphy as chromatographic columns as well
as in medicine in the capacity of catheters.
Polyimide fibres production is notable for a
number of technical complexities. Therefore,
not many companies make these products.
Having excellent properties including a high
stretch degree, PI fibres, nevertheless, cannot
compete with aramid and other hi-tech fibres
due to high manufacturing costs. These fibres
are mainly used for producing industrial filter
bags and protective clothing.
PI membranes are widely used for sepa-rating gases. Pure polyimide membranes
have, as a rule, low gas permeability. For this
reason, they are modified with various alkyl
and fluoroalkyl substitutes.
Films
Currently, the production of flexible
printed circuits accounts for 70% of PI con-sumption worldwide. Due to specific require-ments of the final market and their properties,
polyimides are mostly produced in the form
of films. At present, global polyimide film
capacity totals 13,000 tonnes. Top three pro-ducers have at their disposal about two thirds
of worlds capacity including Kaneka 24%,
DuPont-Toray 22% and SKC Kolon PI
21% (Figure 2).Kaneka produces polyimide films under
the brand Apical at three production plants in
Japan, the USA, and Malaysia. The company
has been present in the market since 1984,
when it put into operation its first manufac-turing line for Apical films in Shiga prefec-ture (Japan). Today it operates seven lines
with a total capacity of 2,400 tpy. In North
America, Kaneka began manufacturing poly-imide films at a 200 tpy production line in
the industrial park of Bayport (TX, USA)
within the frames of a JV with Allied in 1990.
Kaneka Texas Corporation, a daughter com-pany of Kaneka, operates the line. Last year
the company completed the construction of
its third plant in Gebeng (Pakhang, Malaysia)
operated by the companys fully-owned
subsidiary Kaneka Apical Malaysia. The
launch of the Malaysian facility increased
Kanekas total capacity for polyimide films
by 600 tonnes, to 3,200 tpy. By 2016, Kaneka
will invest USD 100m in further capacity
expansion.
US-based DuPont became a pioneer
in the polyimide market setting industry
standards for a long period of time. It
started commercial production of Kapton
films in 1966. Since 1985, DuPont-Toray,
a JV between DuPont and Toray, has been
responsible for polyimide business. The
JV is completely owned by the American
chemical giant. DuPont-Toray expanded
the plant in Tokai City (Aichi prefecture)
by 720 tpy in 2007 and that in Circleville
(OH, USA) by 400 tpy in late 2012. As a
result, the company boosted its total capac-ity up to 2,920 tonnes.
Space flight of polyimidesOwing to their properties, polyimides
are ideal materials for creating different
elements of spacecraft. Foam polyimides
found application in the Space Shuttle
programme as heat insulation and sound
insulation. They were used for protecting
propelling and steering control engines
of Mars rovers. Moreover, flexible printed circuits and plate heaters in the Mars rov-
ers were made of polyimide films. In May 2010, the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Explo-
ration Agency) launched IKAROS the
worlds first spacecraft propelled by solar power sails made on the basis of square polyimide film with a 7.5 mcm thickness and a 200 m2 total area.
Figure 2. Breakdown of global polyimide film capacity by company
as of early 2014
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6 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers www.chemmarket. info
SKC Kolon PI is a JV established in 2008
on the basis of polyimide assets of Korea-
based companies SK Chemical Kolon
Industries. SK Chemical was the first in
Korea to manufacture polyimides. In 2004,
it launched a 40 tpy pilot production line at
its manufacturing site in Suvon. The com-mercial production of polyimide films began
at a 300 tpy unit in Chinchkhon. In 2008, the
second 600 tpy line became operational in
Chinchkhon. Kolon Industries started poly-imide production in 2005. By the moment of
the merger, it operates two production lines
in Kumi with a total capacity of 600 tpy. In
2012, SKC Kolon PI almost doubled its pro-
duction capacity, from 1,500 tonnes to 2,700
tonnes.
China is home to one fourth of worlds pol-yimide film capacity. There are ten producers
with 3,000 tpy overall capacity in the country
(Table 3). Moreover, the moment when China will become the main player on the polyimide
market is not too far away. In late 2012, Amer
International Group and Genhwa proceeded
to building a large-scale polyimide complex
in Yingkou (Liaoning province). The first
stage of the project envisages the construc-tion of a 11,000 polyimide monomer unit, a
30,000 tpy polyimide and multilayer coextru-sion film plant, and a 30,000 tpy composites
unit. At the second stage, there will come on
stream a 40,000 tpy polyimide monomer and
fine organic chemicals plant, a 35,000 tpy
polyimide and multilayer coextrusion film
unit, and 5,000 tpy polyimide fibres produc-tion. The second stage will be completed in
2017.
Other polyimide manufacturers account for
9% or 1,000 tpy of total global capacity. This
group includes Saint-Gobain Performance
Plastics producing Norton films in Xinzhu
(Taiwan); IST Corporation, which puchased
polyimide businesses Pyre-ML from
DuPont (Parlin, NJ) and Skybond from
Monsanto (Indian Ochard, Springfield, MA);
Japanese companies Ube Industries (Ube,
Yamaguchi prefecture and Sakai, Osaka
prefecture) and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
(Hiratsuka, Kanagawa) producing Upilex
and Neopulim films respectively.
Fibres
In the early 80s of the 20th century, Lenzing,
a leading producer of viscose fibre, began
developing a new kind of fibre for protective
clothing. Polyimide was selected as a polymer
base. The company obtained a licence for a
polycondensation process from Upjohn (Dow
Table 3. Basic polyimide producers in China
Company Location Capacity, tpy
CEN Electronic Material Co. Ltd Ningpo, Zhejiang province 240
Changshu Zhongxun Space Flight Insulating Material Co. Ltd Changshu, Jiangsu province 160
Hipolyking Polyimide Materials Co. Ltd Jilin City, Jilin province 300
Jiangsu Yabao Insulation Material Inc. Yangzhou, Jiangsu province 300
Jiangyin Tianhua Technology Co. Ltd Jiangyin, Jiangsu province 100
Liyang Huajing Electronic Material Co. Ltd Liang, Jiangsu province 230
New Century (Tianjin) Polyimide Films Insulating Materials Co. Ltd
Tianjin 200
Shanghai Research Institute of Synthetic Resins Shanghai N/A
Shenzhen Ruihuatai Film Technology Shenzhen, Guandong province 350
Tecnidd Enterprises Co. Ltd Hangzhou, Zhejiang province 1000
Tianjin Jiayi Insulation Material Co. Ltd Tianjin 100
Wuxi DiAo Insulating Material Co. Ltd Wuxi, Jiangsu province 60
Wuxi Goto Polymer Materials Co. Ltd Wuxi, Jiangsu province N/A
Flexible circuits the main application of polyimide films
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7 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymerswww.chemmarket. info
Chemical), whereas a thread drawing technol-ogy was developed by Lenzing on its own.
As a result, new polyimide product P84 was
launched onto the market.
In 1996, Lenzing AG sold its business to
Inspec Fibres GmbH (Evonik Fibres GmbH,
part of Evonik). Today, Inspec Fibres is vir-tually the only large producer of polyimide
fibres. In small quantities, however, polyim-ide fibres are manufactured by Hipolyking
Polyimide Materials (Yilun fibre, China), and
Russia-based Lirsot Ltd (Arimid, Pion, and
Tvim brands).
Because of increased demand for its prod-ucts, Inspec Fibres expanded its capacity
by 35% in 2006 and by 40%, to 1,400 tpy in
2009. Except for the fibres, the company pro-duces powdered polyimides for manufacturing
moulded goods and actively develop a poly-imide film production technology. Polyimide
fibres are predominantly used in the produc-tion of high temperature filter systems for
metallurgical works, cement plants, and other
industrial facilities. These fibres have irregular
cross-sectional shapes consequently possess-ing twice as much surface area as compared to
traditional fibres with round or elliptical cross-
sections. Therefore, polyimide fibres display
the best filtering capacity. This advantage is
complemented with high thermal and chemical
resistance over a wide range. These fibres
are used as an additive enhancing filtering
capacity and increasing service life of filter fab-ric in industrial filters both on their own or in
combination with various polyester fibres and
glass fibres.
The second most significant application
of polyimide fibres is the manufacture of
protective clothing for racing drivers, fire
brigades and military units. It is to be noted
that usually polyimide fibres are not used in
a pure form but are mixed with aramid and
fire-resistant viscose fibres.
Foam polyimides
Polyimide foam was first synthesised in
the 1970s by Evonik Foams for NASAs
space programmes. The latter required non-combustible, light-weight foam material for
heat and sound insulation of Space Shuttles.
Later polyimide foam was utilised in space-crafts of other countries, in the International
Space Station, Mars rovers, and cryogenic
vessels. Polyimide foam remains its elasticity
even at extremely low temperatures, which is
of paramount importance for operations on
the surface of Mars.
In addition to spacecraft, polyimide foam is
used in military and civil shipbuilding and the
aircraft industry. Owing to this foam, the weight
of some U.S. Navy cruisers was decreased by
50 tonnes, and that of Boeing 747 by 160
kg. Reducing weight even by several dozen
kilograms of such massive and heavy objects
as airplanes seem to be insignificant at first
glance. However, this allows for transporting
more cargo and substantially improves fuel
economy, which is especially important tak-ing into account a long service period. Due to
high prices, polyimides find application only in
demanding environments. The main producer
is Evonic Foams manufacturing polyimide
foam under the trade mark Solimide at its plant
in Magnolia (AK, USA). Its product range
includes four polyimide grades:
TA-301 (for industrial applications
including insulation of rail cars, ships, and
mining equipment;
AC-550 and AC-530 (for aircraft and
spacecraft industries and cryogenic materials
production);
HT-340 (for using in heat resistant mate-rials including insulation of pipes, air ducts,
furnaces, and water heaters;
Apart from Evonik Foams, polyimide foam
is manufactured by DuPont (Vespel), Ube
Industries (Upilex Foam) IST Corporation
(Skybond).
Resins and other products
Polyimide resins are made in small vol-umes because of processing complexities.
Powdered polyimide is one of the main
forms of polyimide products. Ube Industries,
Inspec Fibres, Qinyang Tianyi Chemical,
Hipolyking Polyimide Materials, and
Shuangma New Materials Tech Polyimide
are producers of polyimide powder.
In addition, polyimides are processed into
round bars, slabs, sheets, tubes, and other
ready-to-use, customizsed products. We
should mention the following companies
in this market niche: DuPont-Toray, IST
Corporation, Saint-Gobain Performance
Plastics, Hipolyking Polyimide Materials,
and Shanghai Research Institute of Synthetic
Resins. Polyimides varnishes solvents of
polyamic acid - are also available on the mar-ket. They are used for producing composites
and adhesives. The most popular and wide-spread brands among them are Pyralin (HD
MicroSystems), U-Varnish (Ube Industries),
Pyre-ML and Skybond (IST Corporation).
Prospects
Polyimides are quite widely used products
owing to their outstanding properties. They
can meet strictest requirements of customers.
Flexible circuits are the biggest and most fast-
growing application field of polyimide films.
According to Kaneka, annual growth rates
in this market make up 20-30%. Demand
for special purpose products made of poly-imide films including bar code labels, voice
coils, helically coiled tubes, gaskets, and
diaphragms, thermal blankets, insulation of
particle accelerators, conveyor belts, sensors,
etc., increases 10% yearly. Polyimide con-sumption in the production of self-adhesive
tapes grow 5% and in mechanical engineer-ing, and the cable and automotive industries
by 2% per year. SMP Corporation (a pro-ducer of polyimide films, in particular, SKC
Kolon PI films) forecasts that the capacity of
the global polyimide film market will go up
from 7,000 tpy in 2010 to 10,000 tpy in 2015,
with the biggest growth rates in electronics
engineering and display production. In geo-graphical terms, China and Korea will be
the most rapid-growing polyimide markets
expanding by more than 15% annually.
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8 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers www.chemmarket. info
The CIS market for plastic and rubber
products stands for solid business and posi-tive prospects. Despite the dampening effect
of political vagaries and the current weak-ness of the rouble on the demand for plastic
and rubber products, the country still has a
significant need for investment. Production
capacities are being modernised and
expanded, particularly in the packaging and
medical technology segment. The consumer
goods and automotive segments are growing
steadily, and the infrastructure of the largest
European country with a population of 143m
is facing major challenges. In this situation,
innovative solutions for all areas of the plas-tics and rubber processing industry are very
much in demand, particularly because issues
such as energy efficiency and recycling are
becoming increasingly important.
Accordingly, exhibitors at Interplastica
2014 gave a predominantly positive feedback
on the four-day international trade fair for
plastics and rubber. They reported a keen
interest among specialist visitors, promis-ing customer contacts and several signed
contracts. Between 28 and 31 January 2014,
20,000 visitors from all members of the CIS
attended Interplastica and the packaging fair
Upakovka/Upak Italia, both of which took
place at the same time in Moscow. This result
ties in with the one achieved by both trade
fairs in the previous year.
Erhard Wienkamp, Division Director of
Messe Dsseldorf, was delighted with this posi-tive result: Thanks to its representative inter-national portfolio, Interplastica is perceived and
valued as an outstanding platform for techno-logical innovation in Russia. This positive feed-back and the fact that there was even a slight
increase in the demand for exhibition space
- only a few weeks after the flagship fair
K 2013 - underlines the importance of this
event. The companies know how important
their market presence is. Even in turbulent
times, they rely on Interplastica to present
their innovations to customers from the CIS
market, to maintain their customer contacts
and to initiate new relations. Introducing
a clearer structure to the fair, the new hall
distribution elicited predominantly positive
feedback from visitors and exhibitors.
Interplastica 2014: Solid Business and Good Prospects for Russias Plastics and Rubber Industry
Victor Nemera, Atlant CJSC,
Baranovichi/Belarus: We participate
regularly in Interplastica, know what
we want and usually get it. It satis-
fies our expectations. Its important to note that this year there are more
professional visitors than in previous
years. Its obviously very good.
Maxim Grishin, Country Repre-
sentative A/O Bayer Polycarbonates,
Moscow/Russia: At Interplastica
2014 we basically met with our old,
established partners. This exhibition
is well known in the plastic and rub-
ber industry and every year we meet
with lots of customers and get in
contact with new customers.
Alexei Stolyarov, Chief Expert, De-
partment of Advertising, Exhibition
Activities and Branding, LLC Sibur/
Sibur Holding OJSJ, Moscow/Russia:
We have long and fruitful coopera-
tion and ties with Messe Dsseldorf
Moscow. We are always satisfied by the attentive attitude and profes-
sionalism of the organisers team..
Next year we plan to expand our
stand area and to occupy the central
part of the first pavilion. We had ac-tive and large work with our clients
during Interplastica and its time to
expand and reveal.
-
9 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymerswww.chemmarket. info
Organised by Messe Dsseldorf and its
subsidiary Messe Dsseldorf Moskau Ltd,
the 17th Interplastica was again hosted at
Moscows trade fair grounds of Krasnya
Presnya. A total of 687 exhibitors from 28
countries presented their products and ser-vices on 13,500 sq.m net exhibition area,
the Forum as well as exhibition halls 1
and 8 and, for the first time, hall 3 were fully
booked, the latter by a cluster of extrusion
and injection moulding machinery manufac-turers. Official national participations came
from China, Germany, France, Italy, Austria
and Portugal. The largest contingencies of
exhibitors came from Russia, Germany and
China.
Germany remains to be number one among
the most important suppliers to the Russian
plastics and rubber processing industry,
exporting a total of 32.2 % to this segment,
followed by Italy (15.5 %) and China (13.9
%). In the first eleven months of 2013,
German exports in this segment amounted
to EUR 204 million, up 10,2 % on the result
posted for the same period during the previ-ous year. Between 2011 and 2012, global
exports from plastics and rubber machinery
manufacturers to Russia increased by 7.5%,
corresponding to an overall value of about
EUR 640m.
For Bernd Ntel from the German
Association for Plastics and Rubber
Machinery within the VDMA (Verband
Sebastian Schneider, Key-Account-
Manager PM Rezyklate, DKR Deutsche
Gesellschaft fr Kreislaufwirtschaft und
Rohstoffe mbH, Cologne/Germany: As
we are new to the Russian market, it
presents some challenges, one of which
is the language barrier. Also, recycled
products do not have a good reputation
in Russia, mainly because very few such
products are available in high quality. But appreciation for regrinds is growing
in the CIS states along with the inter-
est in high-quality recycled products. At Interplastica, we had some interesting
new contacts, and the prospects for
long-term business cooperations seem
positive. However, we are well aware
that this market requires a lot of pa-tience.
Dragan Visekruna, Director of the
Plastics Sales Units in Central and East-
ern Europe, Greece and Turkey, Dow
Europe GmbH, Moscow/Russia: Dow
took part with an own booth in Inter-
plastica 2014 for the first time ever. We consider that the exhibition is very suc-
cessful. The customers appreciated our
desire to participate in the exhibition
highly. Our approach is to work in co-
operation with distributors. In the previ-
ous years we joined the booths of our
partners and this year we invited them
to work on our own booth.
Robert F. Binder, Area Sales Manager,
EREMA, Ansfelden/Austria : Our equip-ment has met with a keen interest. As
a supplier of recycling systems for all
thermoplastic materials, we have been
active in Russia for sixteen years. So far,
our core business focused on in-house
recycling of waste scrap directly at the
processing companys site. Recently
however, the post-consumer market
seems to have become more active as
the population demands recycling regu-
lations. This development could open
up a major market for us! We are op-
timistic about the future development
of our business relations with the CIS
states, because we have consolidated
our position and won the trust of our
customers in that market not only be-
cause of our training programmes and
cooperation with research institutes but
also because of our tenacity.
Rauf Rustamov, Sales & Marketing
Director, Mikrosan, Gebze-Kocaeli/
Turkey: We have been exporting
pipe and profile extrusion machinery and pelletisers to Russia since 1991.
With more than 1,000 machines in-
stalled in that country, we have be-
come established as a major player in
this segment. We expect to continue
our business in Russia successfully.
The Russian economy will continue
to grow, the Olympic Games and
the World Cup 2018 will trigger fur-
ther growth. There is a lot to do and
enough money for investment, par-
ticularly in window construction, in the
infrastructure of this vast country and
in centralised heating. These projects
are supported by state funding. We
participate in Interplastica because
we want to promote our good repu-
tation, maintain our existing customer
contacts and make new ones.
-
10 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers www.chemmarket. info
Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
- German Engineering Federation), the
Russian market remains promising, despite
the dampening effect of political vagaries
and the current weakness of the rouble on
the demand for plastic and rubber machin-ery: Negotiations drag on, some projects
are postponed. In other areas however,
there is still a great willingness to invest,
contracts that were prepared at K 2013 in
Dsseldorf for example, are now being
signed. Business is going strong in the
injection moulding and thermoforming
segments, and rubber processing machines
are in high demand. Thanks to state fund-ing, investments into plastic pipe produc-tion and into the production of insulation
material are rising. The emergence of
recycling as an important issue in Russia is
rated as a positive development. So far, this
development is still in its infancy, but there
is a growing awareness that even countries
with an abundance of natural resources
must economise.
Dr. Rdiger Baunemann, Director General
PlasticsEurope Deutschland e.V., recognises
a lot of potential in the raw material segment,
both for polymer producers as well as for
suppliers of additives such as stabilisers and
flame retardants. At Interplasticas Meeting
Point Raw Materials, Dr. Baunemanns
presentations on resource and energy effi-ciency as a driving force for innovation and
sustainability attracted a lot of attention and
met with keen interest. For the second time at
Interplastica, open seminars for exhibitors on
new developments in raw material produc-tion and application were again conducted in
cooperation with the Russian plastics portal
Plastinfo.ru.
The exhibitors were impressed with
the high level of professionalism among
Interplasticas visitors, who appeared to be
well prepared and approached the exhibitors
with practical inquiries. In turn, visitors were
delighted with the wide range of international
exhibits presented at Interplastica.
The next Interplastica will take place in
Moscow from 27 until 30 January, 2015, as
usual in tandem with Upakovka/Upak Italia.
Ulrich Reifenhuser, Managing Di-
rector Reifenhuser GmbH & Co. KG,
Troisdorf/Germany : The CIS market
continues to have a lot of potential for
the plastics processing industry. The ex-
hibition was livelier and the visitors even
more professional than expected. But
the currency problem is a real dampen-
er, particularly as the Russian mentality
seems to have a bias towards pessimism
when confronted with such problems.
Therefore, some projects will likely be
delayed.
Antonio Cappadono, General Direc-
tor Transtechnika-Vostok Representa-
tion of Arburg, Moscow/Russia : While
the Russian market is characterised by
steady ups and downs, it offers excel-
lent long-term prospects. We have been
active in this market for a long time and
have become well established reli-
ability and comprehensive service are
the key to success! For me, the current
weakness of the rouble does not con-
stitute a major problem, but an oppor-
tunity: the export of finished products such as packaging has become more
expensive, hence domestic products will
be in demand. Arburg customers from
the packaging segment are enjoying full
order books. The Russian automotive
and medical technology segments are
also experiencing an upturn, and they
are now investing in modern, efficient machinery.
Dr. Semen Chlesberg, Senior Sales
Manager, Zeppelin Systems, Frie-
drichshafen/Germany : Moving into
the CIS market requires money and patience. In the long-term however,
this commitment will bear fruit. Twelve
years ago, Zeppelin started its activi-
ties in that region, initially with one
sales agency. Only recently, we set
up our own subsidiary there, so as to
provide a localised services and spare
parts supply and support for our sales
team. As a leading global plant engi-
neering company for the handling of
high-quality bulk materials and liquids we work in a wide variety of industry
sectors, i.e. polymer producers and
processors, the rubber and tire indus-
try and plastic cable sheathing. We
also operate a separate division with a
special focus on the food segment. We
provide our customers, mainly major
corporations, with a complete service
package from the delivery of complete
lines right through to training. This
will consolidate our long-term success
even if this market is prone to ups and
downs.
-
11 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymers Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Prices for polymers and polymer compounds of Russian, Uzbek, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Ukraine manufacturers in 1Q, 2014
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Oligoester acrylates MGF-9 Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
Ukraine
For reinforced plastics, coatings, building materials, electrical
insulating compounds, lacquers, enamels,
adhesives
83333 UAH
Oligoester acrylates TGM-3 Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
Ukraine For production of resins 85000 UAH
Phenol-formaldehyde resin solution in ethyl alcohol (lacquer bakelite) LBS-20, 71-78%
Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
UkraineFor production of reinforced plastic
22000 UAH
Polyamide PA 6 210/310 Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia
For manufacturing of technical products used in mechanical engineering
101695 RUR
Polyamide PA 6 210/311 Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia 101695 RUR
Polyamide PA 6 66-3 Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia Moulding grade 355932 RUR
Polyamide PA 6 66-4 Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia Moulding grade 355932 RUR
Polyamide PA 6 66/610 Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia Moulding grade 355932 RUR
Polyamide PA 610L Anid LtdYekaterinburg
(Sverdlovsk region)Russia Moulding grade
432203-457627 RUR
Polyester mixed EDA-50Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan)
Russia
Up to 100 kg / For non-crystallizable urethane rubber and polyurethane foam for bottom of shoes
78814 RUR
Polyester mixed PVKazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan)
Russia
Up to 100 kg / For manufacturing inking rollers, polyurethane
compositions
78814 RUR
Polyester P 9AKazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan)
Russia
Up to 100 kg / To obtain optically sensitive
polymers as components of adhesive compositions
78814 RUR
Polyester P-9-14Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan)
RussiaUp to 100 kg /
manufacturing products for special purposes
78814 RUR
Polyester resin PN-1KT-A, unsaturated, thixotropic, pre-accelerated, 30-33% styrene
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia
Barrel 240 kg / For production of thick-
walled, large-sized and complex-shaped goods / For RTM-technologies
101900 RUR
Polyester resin PN-1KT-M, unsaturated, thixotropic, pre-accelerated, 30-33% styrene
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia
Barrel 240 kg / Binding agent for fibreglass products / For use in mechanised processes
101900 RUR
-
12 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers Prices www.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polyester resin PN-1KT-NR, unsaturated, thixotropic, pre-accelerated, 31-34% styrene
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia
Barrel 240 kg / For production of thick-
walled,large-sized and complex-shaped goods
101900 RUR
Polyester resin PN-54KTA, unsaturated, thixotropic, pre-accelerated, 36-42% styrene
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaBarrel 240 kg /For
fibreglass products and RTM-technology
118500 RUR
Polyester resin PN-609-21M, unsaturated
Granat Synthetic Material Plant CJSC
St. Petersburg RussiaManufacturing fiberglass
products186440 RUR
Polyester resin PN-82K, unsaturated
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaBarrel 240 kg / For
polymer concrete and artificial marble
109600 RUR
Polyester resin PN-85, unsaturated
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia
Barrel 240 kg / For water- and acid-resistant polymer concrete and sanitary ware products, and artificial marble
99000 RUR
Polyester resin unsaturated PN-1
Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
UkraineFor production of glass fiber, polymer concrete and artificial marble
30000 UAH
Polyester resin unsaturated PN-15, chemically resistant
Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
Ukraine
For manufacturing of chemically resistant
pipes, containers, boat hulls, boats, yachts, pressed materials,
varnishes, adhesives, putties, coatings
55000 UAH
Polyester resin unsaturated PN-1
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia Barrel 240 kg 100750 RUR
Polyester resin unsaturated PN-609-21
Armoplast PJSCSeverodonetsk (Luhansk region)
Ukraine
Binder for fiberglass and as impregnating and casting resins
inautomotive, electrical industry
55000 UAH
Polyesters PEFDKazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan)
Russia
Up to 100 kg / to manufacture of polyurethane compositions
78814 RUR
Polyether Laprol 373 Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo Russia
EXW / Cisterns 31-36 tonnes, metal barrels / For producing rigid polyurethane foams
90000 RUR
Polyether Laprol 5003-2-B10
Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo RussiaFor producing resilient polyurethane foams
90000 RUR
Polyether Laprol 502 Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo Russia
EXW / Cisterns 31-36 tonnes, metal barrels / For producing rigid
polyurethane foams and brake fluids
90000 RUR
Polyether Laprol 503B Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo Russia
EXW / Cisterns 31-36 tonnes, metal barrels / For producing rigid polyurethane foams
90000 RUR
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13 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymers Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polyether Laprol 6003-DE Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo RussiaEXW / Cisterns 31-36
tonnes, metal barrels / For producing oil demulsifiers
90000 RUR
Polyether Laprol ES-564 Khimprom Ltd Kemerovo Russia
EXW / Cisterns 31-36 tonnes, metal barrels /
For producing filling, rigid polyurethane foams
90000 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 153-01, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Cable grade 58051 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 153-10, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Cable grade 57627 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 15303-003, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Film grade 56780 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 15303-003, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 55932 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 15803-020, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Film grade 53814 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 15803-020, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 52966 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 15803-020, 2 grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 45508 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 17603-006, 2 grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Film grade 46271 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 17803-015, 1 grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 46780 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 18003-030, top grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 47881 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE 18103-035
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 47881 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE B-Y456Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Blow-moulding grade 3696003 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE B-Y460Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Blow-moulding grade 4776594 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE F-Y346Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Film grade 4026118 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE I-0760Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Moulding grade 3080195 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE I-1561Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Moulding grade 1400 USD
Polyethylene LDPE P-Y342Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Pipe grade 4629629 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE R-0448Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Rotational grade 3186762 UZS
-
14 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers Prices www.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polyethylene LDPE -Y750Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Film grade 3035072 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE -Y456Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Pipe grade 3902756 UZS
Polyethylene LDPE, grade A, off grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaFor manufacturing of technical products, packaging materials
48051 RUR
Polyethylene LDPE, grade B, off grade
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaFor manufacturing of technical products, packaging materials
48051 RUR
Polyethylene LLDPE F-0120Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Film grade 1500 USD
Polyethylene LLDPE F-0220 SShurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Film grade 1450 USD
Polyethylene LLDPE F-0320Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Film grade 5174166 UZS
Polyethylene LLDPE F-Y 957Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan 3859671 UZS
Polyethylene LLDPE I-0525Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Moulding grade 1400 USD
Polyethylene LLDPE I-1625Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Moulding grade 3406728 UZS
Polyethylene MDPE R-0333Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Rotational grade 3589187 UZS
Polyethylene MDPE R-0338Shurtan Gaz Chemical
Complex Unitary Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Rotational grade 3073018 UZS
Polyethylene MDPE WC-Y734
Shurtan Gaz Chemical Complex Unitary
Branch Establishment
Shurtan (Qashqadaryo province)
Uzbekistan Cable grade 3156433 UZS
Polyethylene NMPE-2 Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaUsed inrubber industry, in construction, for greases
and mastics26949 RUR
Polyethylene terephthalate TverPET, granulated
SIBUR-PETF JSC Tver Russia Packaging for food 55085 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H031 BF /3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 50847 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H270 FF /3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaManufacture of nonwovens
54237 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H450 GP/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 55085 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP R003 EX/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 66102 RUR
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15 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymers Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polypropylene Tolen PP H007 EX/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Pipe grade 56356 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H022 CM /1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaProduction of caps for
PET bottles58051 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H030 GP
Poliom Ltd, Omsk Polypropylene Plant
Company Omsk Russia General purpose 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H030 GP/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H030 GP/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H030 GP/3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H031 BF /2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H031 BF /3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 52542 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H032 TF/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Thermoforming 54237 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H032 TF/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Thermoforming 54237 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H033 FF /1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H040 GP/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H060 GP/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 53390 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H080 GP/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 55932 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H080 GP/3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 55932 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H085 CF/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 57203 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H085 CF/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 55508 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H120 GP
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 55932 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H120 GP/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia General purpose 55932 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H120 GP/3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 55932 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H250 GP/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 56356 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H252 IM /2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 57203 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H270 FF /1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaManufacture of nonwovens
57203 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H270 FF /3
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaManufacture of nonwovens
56356 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H273 FF /1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk RussiaManufacture of nonwovens
58051 RUR
-
16 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers Prices www.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polypropylene Tolen PP H352 IM/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 57203 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H450 GP/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 56356 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H451 IM/2
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 59746 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP H452 IM/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia Moulding grade 58051 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP R003 EX
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 66102 RUR
Polypropylene Tolen PP R003 EX/1
Tomskneftekhim Ltd Tomsk Russia 59492 RUR
Polypropylene TPP D 30 STurkmenbashi Complex of Oil Refineries
Turkmenbashi (Balkan province)
Turkmenistan Extrusion grade 1350 USD
Polypropylene F 79 FBTurkmenbashi Complex of Oil Refineries
Turkmenbashi (Balkan province)
Turkmenistan
For production nonwovens for hygiene
and medical spheres
3278 TMT
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 101
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm Russia
Manufacturing foam plastic for noise and heat insulation and drainage
board
61864 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 201
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm Russia
Manufacturing foam plastic for noise and heat insulation and drainage
board
70339 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 301
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm RussiaManufacturing foam for thermal insulation of
external walls72034 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 401
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm Russia
Manufacturing foam for thermal insulation of external walls under
load
72034 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 501
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm RussiaFor manufacturing of blocks with waterproof protective coating
70339 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS ALPHAPOR 90
SIBUR-Khimprom CJSC
Perm Russia 38983 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F- 15, 20, 1 grade, unsaturated
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
56949 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,2-1,25, 1 grade, saturated
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
61017 RUR
-
17 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Polymers Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,2-1,25, 2 grade
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
61017 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,4-0,3, 1 grade
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
52542 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,4-0,3, 2 grade
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
52542 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,6-0,8, 1 grade
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
57627 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-F-- 0,6-0,8, 2 grade
Angarsk polymer plant JSC
Angarsk (Irkutsk region)
Russia
For manufacturing insulating blocks,
packaging, disposable tableware / 3, 5, 20 tonnes of containers, covered rail-cars
57627 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 1
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 66949 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 2
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 68644 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 3
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 68644 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 4
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 66949 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 5
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 59322 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 5m
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 56780 RUR
Polystyrene expandable EPS-, grade 6
Plastic JSC Uzlovaya (Tula region) Russia Self-extinguishing 31356 RUR
Polyvinyl alcohol, 10% solution
Lakokraska JSC Lida (Grodno region) Belarus Without cost of packaging 6820000 BYR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 5868PZh
Kaustik JSC Volgograd Russia Film grade 40000 RUR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 6149U
Kaustik JSC Volgograd RussiaCable, pipe grade / Molding, extrusion
methods40000 RUR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 6358
Kaustik JSC Volgograd Russia General purpose 40000 RUR
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18 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Polymers Prices www.chemmarket. info
Product Company City Country NotesPrice per
tonnes, ex. VAT
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 6669ZhS
Kaustik JSC Volgograd Russia Profile windows 40000 RUR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 6768
Kaustik JSC Volgograd Russia Profile windows 40000 RUR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 7059
Kaustik JSC Volgograd Russia Cable, pipe, film grade 50000 RUR
Polyvinylchloride PVC-C 8059U
Kaustik JSC Volgograd RussiaExtrusion, calendering and
moulding 50000-52000
RUR
Urea-formaldehyde concentrate UFC-85
UCC Shchekinoazot Schekino (Tula region) Russia15000-18000
RUR
Urea-formaldehyde concentrate UFC-85, 58% formaldehyde, 23% carbamide
Metafrax JSCGubaha (Perm
territory)Russia
Up to one cistern 65 tonnes / For plywood,
chipboard15000 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin KF-NU
Lakokraska JSC Lida (Grodno region) Belarus Without cost of packaging12458000
BYR
Urea-formaldehyde resin KF-Zh grade L,F,
Lakokraska JSC Lida (Grodno region) Belarus With cost of packaging14385000
BYR
Urea-formaldehyde resin KF-Zh, 67-69% dry residue
Navoiyazot JSC Navoiy Uzbekistan 980 USD
Urea-formaldehyde resin KF-Zh, 67% dry residue
Lakokraska JSC Lida (Grodno region) Belarus Without cost of packaging 12458000 BYR
Urea-formaldehyde resin KFBZh, 6569% dry residue
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaEXW / Tank trucks, drums
/ For plywood29330 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin P
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaEXW / Barrels / For making
paper- resin films21500 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin F-B-, 65% dry residue
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaEXW / Tank trucks, drums / For cladding furniture made of chipboard
29330 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin F--15
Lesohimik JSCBorisov (Minsk
region)Belarus 4955000 BYR
Urea-formaldehyde resin F--15
Navoiyazot JSC Navoiy Uzbekistan 550-600 USD
Urea-formaldehyde resin F--15, 64-68% dry residue
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia Barrels / For chipboard 26160 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin F--20PS
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
RussiaFor production of heat and sound insulating foam
26560 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin FZh
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia EXW / Tankers, barrels 29330 RUR
Urea-formaldehyde resin S-11, 60-64% dry residue
Navoiyazot JSC Navoiy Uzbekistan 1000 USD
Vinyl ester resin RP-14S, unsaturated, 38-45% styrene
Zhylevsky Plastics Plant JSC
Sitne-Schelkanovo (Moscow region)
Russia
Barrel 240 kg / Binding agent for water and chemically resistant polymer concrete and
fibreglass products, anti-corrosion coatings
258700 RUR
1 EUR = 45,0559-49,5839 RUR Official exchange rate, according to the Central Bank of Russia during 1Q 2014
1 EUR = 3000,05-3053,73 UZS Official exchange rate, according to the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan during 1Q 2014
1 EUR = 3,8982-3,9159 Official exchange rate, according to the Central Bank of Turkmenistanduring 1Q 2014
1 EUR = 10,8496-13,6372 UAH Official exchange rate, according to the National Bank of Ukraine during 1Q 2014
1 EUR = 12650-13400 BYR Official exchange rate, according to the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus during 1Q 2014
-
19 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Rubbers and tyres Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Prices for some synthetic rubbers and latexes in Q1, 2014
Product Manufacturer City Country NotesPrice per 1
tonne, ex.VAT
Butadiene rubber SKD-ND, grade B
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 66949 RUR
Butadiene rubber SKD, grade B Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 69492 RUR
Butyl rubber B-1675N Togliattikauchuk LtdTogliatti (Samara
region)Russia EXW 101695 RUR
Butyl rubber B-1675 Togliattikauchuk LtdTogliatti (Samara
region)Russia EXW 101695 RUR
Isoprene rubber SKI-3 Togliattikauchuk LtdTogliatti (Samara
region)Russia EXW 94915 RUR
Latex butadiene BS-65, grade B
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 96610 RUR
Latex butadiene SD-1S Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 101780 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-50
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 93559 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-65, grade
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 96610 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-85
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 100000 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-1
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 110000 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-2
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 110000 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene BS-70/2
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 104322 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene SKS-30U
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 110000 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene SKS-50GPS
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 102542 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene SKS-50GP
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 110000 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene SKS-65GP
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 93559 RUR
Latex styrene-butadiene SKS-65GP (B)
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 89068 RUR
Rubber fluorosiloxane SKTFKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
254237-847458 RUR
Silicone rubber SKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
254237-847458 RUR
Silicone rubber SEKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
For manufacturing mechanical rubber goods
preserving dielectric properties and elastic at
temperatures ranging from -70 to +200 C
254237-847458 RUR
Silicone rubber SNKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
For manufacture of compounds, sealants
254237-847458 RUR
Silicone rubber SNFKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
For the manufacture of compounds, sealants
254237-847458 RUR
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20 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Rubbers and tyres Prices www.chemmarket. info
Product Manufacturer City Country NotesPrice per 1
tonne, ex.VAT
Silicone rubber SVKazan Synthetic Rubber
Plant JSCKazan Russia
Intended for manufacture of rubber goods,
preserving elastic and dielectric properties in the temperature range of from
-50 to +250 C
254237-847458 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-18AMN
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-18N
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-28AMN
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-28AMNP
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-28N
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-33AMN
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-40AMN
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber BNKS-40N
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber PBNK-33 (PVC)
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 110169 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber SKN-26PVC-30
Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Krasnoyarsk Russia EXW 108475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber SN-18SN
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Sodium-butadiene rubber SN-26SN
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 83475 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber BS-1502
Togliattikauchuk LtdTogliatti (Samara
region)Russia EXW 66949 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber DSS-2560-27, grade
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 80085 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30 ARKM-15, grade , SBR-1706 HI-AR
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 60169 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30 ARKM-27, grade A
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 67373 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30 ARKM-27, grade
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 63983 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30 R, grade ,
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 66949 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SKS-30 R-15, grade , SBR-1706 TDAE
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia EXW 63983 RUR
Styrene-butadiene rubber SS-30R-15
Togliattikauchuk LtdTogliatti (Samara
region)Russia EXW 60169 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30-01, group 1, granules
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Big bags 103390 RUR
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21 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Rubbers and tyres Priceswww.chemmarket. info
Product Manufacturer City Country NotesPrice per 1
tonne, ex.VAT
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30-01, group 1, powder
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia 107627 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30-01, group 2, granules
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Big bags 103390 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30R-01, group 1, granules
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Big bags 103390 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30R-01, group 3, granules
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Big bags 103390 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer DST-30R-01, group 3, powder
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia 107627 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer SBS R30-00, granules
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Big bags 103390 RUR
Styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer SBS R30-00, powder
Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC Voronezh Russia Bags 107627 RUR
Thermoplastic dynamic Kvartopren, grade (50,60, 70, 80,90), black
Kvart CJSC Kazan Russia Moulding 98000 RUR
Thermoplastic dynamic Kvartopren, grade (50,60, 70, 80,90), black
Kvart CJSC Kazan Russia Extrusion 117000 RUR
Thermoplastic dynamic Kvartopren, grade (90) E, gray
Kvart CJSC Kazan Russia Extrusion 117000 RUR
Thermoplastic dynamic Kvartopren, grade (90), gray
Kvart CJSC Kazan Russia Moulding 98000 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-8
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan Russia For manufacturing shoes169492-
296610 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-8
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan RussiaIn the production of magnetic
lacquers169492-
296610 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-8B
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan RussiaFor manufacture of products with improved resistance to
frost and to abrasion
169492-296610 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-PEF-3
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan RussiaFor preparation of casting and impregnating compositions
as elastic epoxy resin
169492-296610 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-PFL-100
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan Russia
For manufacture of machinery components working in the range of from -60 to +120 C, sheet-metal production, as anti-corrosion coatings
169492-296610 RUR
Urethane rubber (polyurethane elastomer) SKU-PFL-74
Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC
Kazan Russia169492-
296610 RUR
1 EUR = 45.0559-49.5839 RUR Official exchange rate, according to the Central Bank of Russia during 1Q 2014
-
22 Eurasian chemical market 1(85) February 2013
Organics www.chemmarket. info
Salicylic acid (C6H
4 (OH) COOH, ortho-
hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic
acid, phenol acid) - white needle-shaped
crystals with a bitterish taste, soluble in hot
water, freely soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether
and other polar organic solvents.
Leaves and flowers of some plants are
natural sources of salicylic acid. It is known
that ancient doctors used an infusion of the
willow bark as antipyretic and analgesic
medicines. In 1829, Henri Leroux, a French
pharmacist, isolated physiologically active
glycoside salicin (from Latin salix - wil-low) from a willow bark extract. In 1838,
Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, hydrolysed
salicin with further oxidation. This is how
salicylic acid was obtained. It was found that
the acid had been previously obtained from
flowers of meadowsweet, or Spiraea (spirea
ulmaria) by a German chemist Carl Lwig,
who called it spiraea acid and later the sub-stance became known as salicylic acid.
The analysis showed that it was a derivative
of phenol. Subsequently, a German chemist
Adolph Hermann Kolbe proposed a method
of synthesising salicylic acid from phenol in
1860, which has been used to the present day.
Salicylic acid acts as an antiseptic. The acid
is used as a keratolytic agent when present in
high concentrations, and as a keratoplastic
substance when present in low concentrations.
The keratolytic agent breaks down the
outer layer of skin (keratin). A keratoplastic
effect is when the drug does not generate a
quick destruction and sloughing, thereby
loosening keratin.
CIS Market in Salicylic Acid and its Derivatives
Salicylic acid belongs to aromatic hydroxy acids. Its anti-inflammatory properties, as a component of the bark of the willow tree, have been known for more than 2,500 years. Currently, more than half of the produced salicylic acid is used for pharmaceutical manufacture. For example, one of its derivatives is acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin - one of the most important drug of the twentieth century.
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23 1(85) February 2013 Eurasian chemical market
Organicswww.chemmarket. info
Salicylic acid is used to treat various skin
diseases, in particular, hyperkeratosis and
excessive sweating. Taken orally, salicylic
acid may cause severe irritation of the mucous
membrane lining of the stomach. That is why
a sodium salt of salicylic acid instead of the
pure acid is often used. Salicylic acid is well
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract exert-ing antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflamma-tory actions. The drug is rapidly excreted
from the body.
Salicylic acid and salicylates are low-toxic
and fairly well tolerated. Since salicylates
are used in large doses for rheumatism treat-ment they can cause poisoning, which easily
ceases as soon as one stops taking the drugs.
Until the 50s of the 20th century, salicylic
acid was one of the most popular food pre-servatives. It was used for preserving egg
melange, fish marinades, salted and pick-led cucumbers as well as olives and fruit.
Salicylic acid is no longer used as a food
preservative. Food applications of the acid
are banned in America, Europe and Russia.
However, salicylic acid with a concentration
of up to 0.5% can be used for preserving cos-metic products. The acid with a concentration
of up to 10% is used for keratosis (dandruff)
treatment. The manufacture of azo dyes and
odoriferous compounds (salicylic acid esters)
is one of its applications as well.
Salicylic acid is capable of forming deriva-tives in each functional group. The most
important of them are methyl salicylate and
phenyl salicylate (esters of the carboxyl
group) and acetylsalicylic acid (esters of the
hydroxyl group). P-aminosalicylic acid and
salicylamide are ne more significant deriva-tives of salicylic acid.
Acetylsalicylic acid (2-acetoxybenzoic acid; aspirin) is one of the most widely used
drugs in the world. The pure substance is a
white crystalline powder, almost odourless.
The odour of acetic acid indicates that the
substance started to hydrolyse in the air.
Acetylsalicylic acid is sparingly soluble in
water, soluble in ether and chloroform, and
freely soluble in 96% ethanol.
An ester formed by acetic and salicylic
acids or acetylsalicylic acid was first synthe-sised by Charles Gerhardt, a French chemist,
in 1853. Soon, it became known as aspirin,
from the name of meadowsweet (spirea
ulmaria). This was the first synthetic drug in
the history of medicine. In 1874, aspirin was
applied to treat acute articular rheumatism. In
1899, aspirin was patented by Bayer and has
been produced on an industrial scale since
that time. For this reason, pharmaceutical
companies in most countries has no right to
apply the trademark aspirin to their prod-ucts and use basically the chemical name
acetylsalicylic acid. Bayer has been own-ing the exclusive right to the brand aspirin in
Russia since 1992. However, the term aspi-rin became a common word in the former
Soviet Union.
John Vane was awarded the Nobel Prize
for his discovery of how acetylsalicylic acid
produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory
effects in 1982. He found out that aspirin
blocked the synthesis of hormone-like sub-stances - prostaglandins - which are intensely
formed by microbial intoxication causing an
inflammatory reaction. Besides antipyretic
and analgesic actions aspirin prevents the
formation of blood clots and also has a vas-orelaxant action. At the same time, it irritates
the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal
tract, and its overdose can cause bleeding.
Sodium salicylate (sodium 2-hydroxyben-zoate) is a sodium salt of salicylic acid. It is a
white crystalline powder or small, odourless
flakes with a sweet and salty taste. Sodium
salicylate is easily soluble in water (1:1) and
alcohol (1:6). Sodium salicylate has analge-sic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
It is used in medicine as antirheumatic and
antigout agents as well as for the treatment of
febrile diseases and migraine.
Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS, 2-oxy-4-aminobenzoic acid) has been used to treat
tuberculosis (TB) in the form of sodium
or calcium salts since the 40s of the 20th
century. PAS is an antagonist of p-amino
benzoic acid needed for normal activity of
microorganisms. However, due to relatively
low efficiency, PAS finds application only in
case of intolerance to other anti-TB drugs or
mycobacterial drug resistance. The drug has
a bacteriostatic action only against tubercle
bacillus. It is not an antifebrile medicine,
although it relates to derivatives of salicylic
acid.
Some derivatives of para-aminosalicylic
acid, for example, its phenyl ester or para-benzoylaminosalicylic acid, have the same therapeutic activity as PAS proper.
Calcium benzoyl-p-aminosalicylate gives significantly fewer side effects when taken
orally than PAS, and is used instead of the
latter.
Methyl salicylate (salicylic acid methyl ester) is a colorless or yellowish liquid with a strong, aromatic odour. It is slightly
soluble in water, and is miscible with alco-hol and ester in any proportions. Its density
is 1,176-1,184 g/cm3. Methyl salicylate is
one of the well-known aromatic substances.
It was first isolated as the main ingredient
of some natural essential oils (wintergreen
and cherry birch oils). As the component
of these oils, one began to widely use it in
medicine. Methyl salicylate is also an ingre-dient of some ointments, balms and liniments
often used in combination with chloroform,
turpentine and fatty oils. Pharmaceuticals
on the basis of methyl salicylate are meant
only for external use as antiinflammatory and
analgesic agents to treat neuralgia, migraine
and rheumatism.
Phenyl salicylate (salol) is a white, crys-talline powder or small colourless crystals
with a faint odour. It is virtually insoluble in
water but soluble in alcohol (1:10) and alka-line solution, easily soluble in chloroform,
and extremely easily soluble in esters. P