Uncovering DHS Data for Livestock Research

Catherine Pfeifer, Stephen Oloo

Nairobi3rd February 2017

Content

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Background

• DHS data description• Spatial DHS units• Survey types• Standard DHS survey

DHS use in livestock

• Agricultural population mapping• Poor livestock keeper mapping• Gender context maps for value chain• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food

Potential future research

• Creating absolute poverty maps • Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition• Conclusion

Content

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DHS data

• Background• Spatial DHS units• Survey types• Standard DHS survey

DHS use in livestock

• Agricultural population mapping• Poor livestock keeper mapping• Gender context maps for value chain• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food

Potential future research

• Creating absolute poverty maps • Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition• Conclusion

DHS data : Background

• DHS program was established in 1984 by the USAID

• Carries out nationally representative demographic and health

surveys

• Objectives Support decision making

Improve coordination and partnerships in data collection

Develop capacity

Improve tools and methods for data collection and analysis

Improve the dissemination and utilization of data

• Main funding for the surveys come from the USAID

• More than 300 nationally representative surveys have been carried

out in about 90 countries4

DHS data : Spatiality of DHS data

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DHS units :Admin units at which the survey is representative

Cluster coordinates :Cluster is a group of 20-40 householdsCentroid of the household location is shifted (2km in urban, 5km in rural area)

DHS data : Survey Types

• The types of data collected varies by survey type and level

(individual/household) survey

• Survey types:• Service Provision Assessment (SPA)

• HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS)

• Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS)

• Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (Standard DHS Surveys & Interim DHS

Surveys)

• DHS is not open data, needs to be requested for specific projects

and under reporting conditions.

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DHS data : Structure of the Standard Survey

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Standard DHS

Women survey

Men survey

Household survey

Children survey

• Basic data• Health and

breastfeeding• Child’s health• Partner’s

characteristics• Domestic

violence

HH Characteristics(Assets and wealth index)

Sampling : Over-sampling/ Under-sampling=> correction factors are provided Sampling is representative at “DHS unit” level (often admin unit)

DHS data : Standard DHS data we work with

Content

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Background

• DHS data description• Spatial DHS units• Survey types• Standard DHS survey

DHS use in livestock

• Agricultural population mapping• Poor livestock keeper mapping• Gender context maps for value chain• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food

Potential future research

• Creating absolute poverty maps • Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition• Conclusion

• Suppress the rural-urban divide

• Extract cluster level data– Livestock ownership (cattle,

sheep, goat, chicken, pigs)– Reporting depending on

agriculture• Currently testing mapping

methods and correlation

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Illustration : Agricultural population mapping

• Wealth index – Relative poverty measurement – Classifying HH in quintiles based on consumer items

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Poorest = poorest 20%Poorer = poorest 40%

From the sample

Illustration : Poor livestock keeper mapping

• Targeting : will only include gender if we can map gender context

• Combining DHS data from women survey with OECD

• Used DHS variables : education, power, asset ownership, access to news

• Factor analysis : 1. High education2. High family labor3. Legal discrimination from finance and

public space4. Land ownership alone (at hh level)5. Legal discrimination for land and non-

land assets12

Illustration : Gender context maps for value chain

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IMPACT GE model : ASF demand and consumption => national average

What does it mean for the poor livestock keeper?

• Do poor people keep more or less livestock?

Data : wealth index and livestock ownership

Illustration : linkage between poverty and livestock ownership

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Data used : wealth index, livestock ownership, 24h recall for children between 1-5 years old

What does it mean for the poor livestock keeper?

• Do poor livestock keeper consume more ASF?

Illustration : linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food

Content

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Background

• DHS data description• Spatial DHS units• Survey types• Standard DHS survey

DHS use in livestock

• Agricultural population mapping• Poor livestock keeper mapping• Gender context maps for value chain• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food

Potential future research

• Creating absolute poverty maps • Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition• Conclusion

• Absolute poverty maps – Linking to WDI poverty indicators

(1.9$, 3.1$ poverty line) • Improved understanding of the linkages between livestock

ownership and nutrition– Role of markets (degree of urbanity) – Linkages with other food items than ASF

• Assessing the linkage between herd size and composition and wealth

All is a spatio-temporal context

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Potential Future Research

• DHS is a health survey with livestock information, no crops

• Wealth measure is based on consumption and is relative– Lots of consumer items are available

• There is children and mothers nutrition data • It is spatially explicit and can be mapped

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Conclusion

DHS gives us new insights on the role of livestock for the poor based on more than a

million observation points across the developing world

c.pfeifer@cgiar.org, s.oloo@cgiar.org

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