Unconventional Banana Breeding Through Somaclonal...
62
Unconventional Banana Breeding Through Somaclonal Variation Selection in Taiwan S. C. Hwang
Transcript of Unconventional Banana Breeding Through Somaclonal...
Unc
onve
ntio
nal B
anan
a B
reed
ing
Thro
ugh
Som
aclo
nal V
aria
tion
Sel
ectio
n in
Tai
wan
S. C
. Hw
ang
Fusa
rium
wilt
Th
e dr
ivin
g fo
rce
for b
anan
a br
eedi
ng
His
toric
al S
ketc
h of
Pan
ama
Dis
ease
R&
D
in T
aiw
an*
Firs
t cas
es o
f FO
C C
aven
dish
sho
win
g w
ilt s
ympt
oms
foun
d in
196
7.*R
ace
4 of
FO
C id
entif
ied
in 1
976.
*Adv
ance
d to
epi
dem
ic p
ropo
rtion
in m
id-1
970s
*Dev
elop
men
t of t
issu
e cu
lture
tech
nolo
gy fo
r mas
s pr
opag
atio
n of
dis
ease
-free
pla
ntin
g m
ater
ial i
n 19
83.
*Bre
edin
g fo
r res
ista
nce
base
d on
som
aclo
nal v
aria
tion
bega
n in
198
4.*1
st r
esis
tant
clo
ne G
CTC
V-2
15 re
leas
ed in
199
2.*2
nd re
sist
ant c
lone
GC
TCV
-105
rele
ased
in 1
995.
*3rd
res
ista
nt c
lone
GC
TCV
-217
rele
ased
in 1
997.
*4th
res
ista
nt c
lone
For
mos
ana
rele
ased
in 2
002.
Seni
or b
anan
a sc
ient
ists
vis
ited
TBR
I /19
92
GG
GG
G
Fru
it C
oo
pera
tive
Tis
sue C
ult
ure
Cen
ter
Taiw
an
Ban
an
a R
ese
arc
h I
nst
itu
te
Seed
lin
g R
eg
istr
ati
on
Seed
lin
g P
rod
uct
ion
Qu
an
tity
Nu
rsery
GG
G
Nu
rsery
GG
G
Nu
rsery
GG
G
Nu
rsery
GG
G
Tis
sue C
ult
ure
Pla
ntl
ets
Exte
nsi
on
Syst
em
Feat
ures
of s
omac
lona
l var
iatio
n on
ban
ana:
A w
ide
rang
e of
mut
ated
trai
ts w
ere
foun
d in
clud
ing
stat
ure,
leaf
sha
pe, p
lant
col
or, f
ruit
shap
e an
d si
ze, e
arly
and
late
flow
erin
g, e
tc.
Mos
t var
iant
s ar
e ge
netic
ally
sta
ble
Sel
ectio
n fo
r res
ista
nce
was
con
duct
ed in
1. D
isea
sed
nurs
ery
2. F
arm
ers
dis
ease
d fa
rms
esta
blis
hed
with
tiss
ue-c
ultu
red
plan
tlets
pre
viou
sly
TC p
lant
lets
for f
ield
scr
eeni
ng
Bre
edin
g fo
r res
ista
nce
base
d on
som
aclo
nal
varia
tion
bega
n in
198
4.
Exam
ine
for i
nter
nal s
ympt
oms
Gre
enho
use
Test
Fiel
d te
st to
con
firm
re
sist
ance
Surv
ivor
s se
lect
ed fr
om d
isea
sed
hot s
pots
foun
d on
gro
wer
s fa
rm
Res
ista
nt C
lone
s Id
entif
ied
in S
cree
ning
Pr
ogra
m:
Hig
hly
resi
stan
t clo
nes
Mod
erat
ely
resi
stan
t cl
ones
GC
TCV-
40G
CTC
V-46
GC
TCV-
44G
CTC
V-53
GC
TCV-
104
GC
TCV-
62G
CTC
V-10
5 (1
995)
GC
TCV-
201
GC
TCV-
119
GC
TCV-
215
(199
1)G
CTC
V-21
7 (1
998)
GC
TCV-
216
GC
TCV-
218
(200
2)
GC
TCV-
44
Impr
ovem
ent o
f re
sista
nt cl
one
by re
curre
nt
sele
ctio
n
Impr
oved
Var
iant
Gia
nt C
aven
dish
Fusa
rium
wilt
on
impr
oved
var
iant
com
pare
d to
thei
r res
pect
ive
resi
stan
t par
ents
Clo
ne
Fus
ariu
m w
ilt (%
)
GC
TCV
-40
0.
3G
CTC
V-4
0-1
4
4.4
GC
TCV
-44
3.
6G
CTC
V-4
4-1
5.8
GC
TCV
-53
12.
4G
CTC
V-5
3-1
1
6.5
GC
TCV
-119
2.2
GC
TCV
-119
-1
0.5
Gia
nt C
aven
dish
65.1
Gia
nt C
aven
dish
GC
TCV-
215
1st r
esis
tant
clo
neG
CTC
V-21
5 re
leas
ed in
199
2.
Com
pari
son o
f physio
logic
al and
morp
holo
gic
al chara
cte
ristics b
etw
een
GC
TC
V-215-1 a
nd G
iant
Cavendis
h
Cultiv
ar
Wilt
incid
ence
(%)
Pla
nt
heig
ht
(cm
)
Pseudoste
m
gir
th
(cm
)
Hand
no./
bunch
Bunch
weig
ht
(kg)
Gro
wth
peri
od
(month
s)
GC
TC
V-
215-1
4.8-1
7.2
288
66.8
8.0
24.0
13
Gia
nt
Cav
endi
sh33
.6-7
4.6
270
70.5
7.9
26.3
12
218
Form
osan
a: A
New
Gen
erat
ion
of R
esis
tant
Var
iety
Rel
ease
d in
200
2
Extr
a-la
rge
bunc
hes
prod
uced
by
Form
osan
a
Gia
nt C
aven
dish
Form
osan
a
Trad
ition
al b
ag to
o sm
all f
or F
orm
osan
a bu
nch
Com
paris
on o
f yie
ld b
etw
een
Form
osan
aan
d G
iant
Cav
endi
shon
Fus
ariu
m-in
fest
ed fa
rms
in tw
o cr
op c
ycle
sG
iant
C
aven
dish
Form
osan
a
No.
of f
arm
s in
vest
igat
ed15
17
Ave
rage
Fus
ariu
m w
ilt (%
)22
.71.
6
Ave
rage
bun
ch w
eigh
t (kg
)21
.030
.4
Yie
ld (t
on/h
a)27
.851
.5
Yie
ld in
dex
100
185
GC
GC
Form
oson
a
Form
oson
a
Cor
ky s
cab
on fr
uit
Cau
sed
by T
hrip
s
OT-
04: A
new
sel
ectio
nFO
RM
OSA
NA
Agr
onom
ic C
hara
cter
istic
s of
Fo
rmos
ana
vs
OT-
04C
rop
Cyc
le
(Mon
th)
Bun
ch
Wei
ght
(Kg)
Thrip
D
amag
eR
eact
ion
to P
D
Form
osan
a13
.030
seve
reR
OT-
0412
.532
mild
S
GC
11.5
22m
ildS
Spe
cial
feat
ures
of b
anan
a br
eedi
ng b
ased
on
som
aclo
nal s
elec
tion:
1. T
he te
chni
que
is s
impl
e an
d qu
ick;
2. A
larg
e-sc
aled
sel
ectio
n ca
n be
arr
ange
dth
roug
h co
oper
atio
n w
ith fa
rmer
s;3.
Sel
ecte
d tra
its a
re g
enet
ical
ly s
tabl
e4.
It is
not
a d
ead
end
gam
e; fu
ther
Impr
ovem
ent c
an b
e m
ade
by re
curr
ent
sele
ctio
ns; a
nd5.
It p
rodu
ces
bana
na c
lone
s th
at a
re v
ery
dive
rse.
In a
dditi
on to
resi
stan
ce to
Fus
ariu
m w
ilt,
tissu
e cu
lture
met
hod
also
gen
erat
ed
clon
es w
ith:
1. H
eavi
er fr
uit b
unch
2. S
wee
ter f
ruit
3. S
horte
r pla
nt4.
Spe
cial
frui
t typ
e
Larg
e ha
nds
prod
uced
by
GC
TCV-
216
18-h
and
Frui
t Bun
ch
1996
119
in L
ampu
ng
1998
119
119
in C
hina
Dw
arf m
utan
tofG
CTC
V-21
5T.
C.N
o3 (1
991)
Form
osan
a
Gia
nt C
aven
dish
Form
osan
aFo
rmos
ana
G.C
Spec
ial f
ruit
type
Th
an
k y
ou
!Th
an
k y
ou
!
Sch
em
e.
Pla
nt
dis
trib
uti
on
in
Taiw
an
.
Scr
eenh
ouse
Fou
ndat
ion
Sto
ck
Tiss
ue c
uttin
g TC
incu
batio
n ro
om
Farm
ers
coop
erat
ive
Nur
sery
See
dlin
gs re
ady
for f
ield
pla
ntin
g
Farm
ers
field
pla
nted
with
TC
ban
anas
New
ly p
lant
ed fa
rmer
s fie
ld
Dev
elop
men
t of t
issu
e cu
lture
tech
nolo
gy fo
r mas
s pr
opag
atio
n of
dis
ease
-free
pla
ntin
g m
ater
ial i
n 19
83.
Rac
e 4
of F
OC
iden
tifie
d in
197
6
K-2
Med
ium
Man
agem
ent o
f Pan
ama
Dis
ease
to
Ach
ieve
Sus
tain
able
Ban
ana
Pro
duct
ion
1.E
radi
catio
n of
dis
ease
d pl
ants
.2.
Cro
p ro
tatio
n w
ith p
addy
rice
,taro
,etc
.3.
Use
of d
isea
se-fr
ee ti
ssue
cul
ture
d se
edlin
gs.
4. A
nnua
l cro
ppin
g5.
Dep
loym
ent o
f res
ista
nt c
lone
s.
Plan
tlets
from
a B
BTV
-infe
cted
suc
ker
Viru
s-fr
ee fo
unda
tion
stoc
k
Inse
ct-p
roof
har
deni
ng n
urse
ry
An
nu
al
cro
pp
ing
in
Taiw
an
An
nu
al
cro
pp
ing
in
Taiw
an
To
min
imiz
e i
mp
act
of
typ
ho
on
To
min
imiz
e i
mp
act
of
typ
ho
on
Allo
ws
cro
p r
ota
tio
n w
ith
pad
dy
Allo
ws
cro
p r
ota
tio
n w
ith
pad
dy
All
ow
s re
curr
en
t se
lect
ion
of
resi
stan
ceA
llo
ws
recu
rren
t se
lect
ion
of
resi
stan
ceD
isease
man
ag
em
en
t ta
ctic
Dis
ease
man
ag
em
en
t ta
ctic
Effe
ctiv
enes
sof
Cro
p R
otat
ion
on
Con
trolli
ng F
usar
ium
Wilt
Kin
d of
Cro
pD
urat
ion
of
plan
ting(
year
)Fu
sariu
m w
ilt (%
) B
efor
e
A
fter
Ric
e1
30.6
3.9
Ric
e2
37.8
1.2
Taro
118
.02.
1
Taro
223
.70.
3
Sug
ar c
ane
328
.520
.4
Veg
etab
le2
23.1
12.6
Eve
n rip
enin
g of
Fo
rmos
ana
bana
na
Maj
or A
gron
omic
Def
ects
Fou
nd in
R
esis
tant
Clo
nes:
1.Lo
nger
crop
cyc
le: G
CTC
V-11
9;G
CTC
V-21
5;Fo
rmos
ana
2.Lo
wer
yiel
d: G
CTC
V-10
5;G
CTC
V-21
53.
Incr
ease
d in
sect
dam
age:
GC
TCV-
215;
Form
osan
a4.
Del
ayed
ripe
ning
: For
mos
ana
Impr
oved
Tra
its F
ound
in
Res
ista
nt C
lone
s:
1.S
wee
ter b
anan
a: G
CTC
V-11
9; G
CTC
V-21
8-2
2.H
ighe
r yie
ld: F
orm
rsan
a;G
CTC
V-21
8-1
3. B
ette
r han
d cl
ass:
GC
TCV-
105;
Form
osan
a4.
Lon
ger s
helf
life:
For
mos
ana
119
Brix
(21-
24)
GC
TCV-
218-
1(O
T-04
)
