Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

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Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints

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Transcript of Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Page 1: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Unconstrained Learning

Species Constraints

Timing Constraints Domain Constraints

Page 2: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Unconstrained Learning

Species Constraints

Timing Constraints Domain Constraints

Page 3: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 4: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Taste Aversion

Page 5: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Konrad Lorenz

Page 6: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Unconstrained Learning

Species Constraints

Timing Constraints Domain Constraints

Page 7: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 8: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Categorical Speech Perception

Page 9: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 10: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Noam Chomsky

Page 11: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

John is easy to please.John is eager to please.

Page 12: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

John is easy to please.John is eager to please.

It is easy to please John.*It is eager to please John.

Page 13: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

(1) Who do you want to see?(2) Who do you want to feed the dog? (3) Who do you wanna see?(4) *Who do you wanna feed the dog?

Page 14: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

(1) Who do you want to see?(2) Who do you want to feed the dog? (3) Who do you wanna see?(4) *Who do you wanna feed the dog?

(5)You want to see who?(6)You want who to feed the dog?

Page 15: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

(1) Who do you want to see?(2) Who do you want to feed the dog? (3) Who do you wanna see?(4) *Who do you wanna feed the dog?

(5)You want to see who?(6)You want who to feed the dog?

(7)Whoi do you want to see ti?(8)Whoi do you want ti to feed the dog?

Page 16: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 17: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Unconstrained Learning

Species Constraints

Timing Constraints Domain Constraints

Page 18: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Age of Acquisition

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Age of Acquisition

Figure 2.

Some theoretical predictions of the critical period hypothesis showing disruption at predicted end of thecritical period.

(a) (b)

Page 19: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 20: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.
Page 21: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Critical Period in Second Language Learning?

Page 22: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Figure 1.

Re-analysis of Johnson and Newport study showing discontinuity at age 20, and continued decline in adult subjects. Reported in Bialystok & Hakuta, 1994.

All Subjects

0 10 20 30 40Age of Arrival

0

100

200

300E

nglis

h P

rofic

ien c

y

r=-.87 r=-.49

Page 23: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Chinese Spanish

Figure 3.

Self-reported English proficiency for U.S. immigrants as a function of age of arrival. Data from 1990 Census. Analysis reported in Bialystok & Hakuta, 1999.

Page 24: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Figure 4.Comparison of performance on selected English grammatical structures in adult and child learners. Source: Bailey, Madden & Krashen, 1974, Language Learning.

Page 25: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

Oral Proficiency

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7GRADE

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Pro

p or t

ion

o f F

u ll S

cor e

10255070

Poverty Level

Figure 5.

English proficiency development in immigrant students from a Northern California school district, separated by poverty level in schools. This is a cross-sectional sample, but all subjects included in this analysis were enrolled in this school district since Kindergarten.

Page 26: Unconstrained Learning Species Constraints Timing Constraints Domain Constraints.

0 20 40 60 80

12

34

5

Figure 6.

Self-reported English proficiency for native Chinese immigrants as a function of age of arrival, separated by educational attainment. Data from 1990 Census. Analysis reported in Bialystok & Hakuta, 1999.

Age of Immigration

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

ncy

Some College

HS GraduateSome HS<8 yrs school

<5 yrs school


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