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Transcript of UMM TEAM – MALANG JUNE - 2008. 4 – Indonesia Position & Role 1. Country Description 2. Impact of...
UMM TEAM – MALANGJUNE - 2008
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
1. Country Description2. Impact of Climate Change in Indonesia3. Source of Green House Gasses4. Working Group on Climate Change5. Legal & Regulatory Framework 6. National Development Planning7. Program for Mitigation8. Technology Requirement9. Financing the Climate Change Strategy10. Energy status & Alternative Energy
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Indonesia is located in the tropical belt, is the largest and widest archipelago country in the world, consist of 17,508 big and small islands, there are 5 big islands : Sumatera, Java, Borneo, Celebes and West Irian
There are two season in Indonesia , May to October is dry season and October to April is rainy season
Second world’s longest coast line (81.000 km)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Based on demography survey in 2000, the total population was 206 million, representing the fourth largest country in the world
With the population growth rate was 1,49 percent.
Estimate population in 2006 was 220 million.
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Climate Change Effects
Impacts on Indonesia
Sea Level Rise
Ocean Warming
Increased Temperature
Increased Rainfall
Increased Evaporation
Increased Tropical Storms
Disappearing Small Islands
Salt Water Intrusion
Decline in Fisheries Harvest
Loss of Biodiversity
Increased Fire Risk
Increased Disease Risk, Range
Floods and Land Slides
Changes in Planting Season
Drought, Food Security
Transport Vulnerability
Food and Water Scarcity
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Deforestation rate (2000 – 2005) -> 2,8 Million Ha/year & Forest fire (West Borneo in 2006) -> loss of 91 Million USD (source: www.beritabumi.or.id)
Flood (February 2007) result in 8 Billion USD loss (source: www.detikfinance.com)
Landslide -> 80 Million USD/year Human health : Dengue, Malaria, Diarrhea Rise of Sea Level Drought (Cirebon District in 2006) result in
loss of 8.6Million USD (source: http://greenpena.blogspot.com)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
The disappearing of small Island -> within 2005 – 2007, 24 small islands disappear, the location: 3 island in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) 3 island in Papua 5 island in Riau 2 island in west sumatera 7 island in the coastal area of Jakarta
(source: Ministry of Oceanary & Fishery)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
The availability of water is very dependent on the climate, due to the limited supply of water (only covers about 37% of urban population and 8% of rural population) causing people and industries use deep groundwater resources land subsidence that creates areas vulnerable to flood and salt water intrusion
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
JakartaCoastalRegionin 2050
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
During El Nino years (1994, 1997,2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006) shown that 8 reservoirs in Java have produced electricity below normal capacities
During El Nino 1997 has caused serious problems to coral reef ecosystems where 90-95% of coral reefs at the depth of 25m have experienced coral bleaching
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Poorest nations and poor groups are likely to be hardest hit by the effects of climate change as they: rely heavily on climate change-sensitive sectors
(agriculture and fisheries)Are less able to respond (lack of human, institution
and financial capacity)
Achievement of the National Development goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) – see table
Changes in mean climate, variability, extreme events
and sea level rise
Impact on poverty and national development
planning targetsImpact on the eight MDG
Increased temperature and changes in precipitation reduce agricultural and natural resources
Change in precipitation, run-off and variability leads to greater water stress
Increased incidence or intensity of climate related disasters lead to damage to assets and infrafstructure
Temperature, water and vegetation changes contribute to increase prevalence of disease
Lowered industrial output and labour productivity, high inequality, impacts on trade, and fiscal and macro-economic growth, and poverty-reducing effects
Reduced productivity and security of poor people’s livelihood assets, and reduced access for the poor to their livelihood assets
Less effective coping strategies among the poor, and increased vulnerability of poor people
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Food security jeopardized, more intense disasters threaten livelihood
2. Achieve universal primary education
More vulnerable livelihoods means more children engaged in employment; infrastructure damage from disasters
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
Women make up two-thirds of world’s poor and are more adversely impacted by disasters.
4. Reduce child mortality
Children more vulnerable to malaria and other diseases, which are spread more widely by climate change
5. Improve maternal health
Pregnant woman particularly susceptible to malaria
6. Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Increase prevalence of mosquito-bone diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
Climate change indication of unsustainable practices. Move toward more energy-efficient model of consumption
8. Promote global Partnerships
Wider forums must acknowledge the role of climate change in impacting MDGs
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Based on Workshop on Climate Change and Health in South East Asian Countries : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Transportation IndustryForestryAgriculture
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Mitigation Post Kyoto ForestryAdaption Energy
Financial Mech. Transfer of Technology
Waste Ocean
Forestry
Agriculture
Transportation
Industry
Energy:
Working Group on Climate Change Activities: to undertake qualitative policies and measures that lead to the our response to Climate change, i.e. to stabilize concentration of GHGs at the safe level.
Working Group of Transfer of Technology Activities: to further derivation and enrichment the previous project and to prioritize technology needs, and capacity building to assess technology needs, modalities to acquire and absorb them.
EXISTING INDONESIAN WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE CHANGE
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Ministry of EnvironmentsMinistry of Research and TechnologyAgency for the Assessment and
Application of Technology (BPPT)Governments Departments: Energy &
Mineral Resources, Forestry, Agriculture, etc.
Meteorology and Geophysical Agency Indonesia State Electricity CompanyPrivate SectorsUniversitiesNGOs
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Presidential Rule No.5, 2006 regarding National Energy Policy, asp. on energy mix by the year 2025
Presidential Decree No.10, 2005 on energy efficiency
Presidential Decree no. 1, 2006 regarding Biofuel Utilization Program
Act No. 6/1994 which stipulate the ratification of UNFCCC
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Act No. 23/1997 regarding Environmental Management
Ministrial Decree of Forestry No. 14/04 regarding Afforestation/Refforestation Project
Ministrial Decree of Environment no. 53/03 regarding Ministry of Environment as National Committe of Climate Change
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Ministrial Decree of Environment no. 206/05 regarding Ministry of Environment as the Indonesia DNA
Government Regulation no. 4/2001 concerning Controlling Environmental Damages and or Pollution Associated with Forest and Land Fire
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & RoleLEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR INDONESIA POWER SECTOR, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION
DESCRIPTION PT. PLN (PERSERO)INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
INDONESIA POWER SECTOR LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
POLICY, STRATEGY, NATIONAL
TARGET, AND NATIONAL PLAN
IMPLEMENTING RULES,
PROCEDURES AND PLAN
IMPLEMEN-TATION
COOPERATION BETWEEN
GOVERNMENT AND ENTERPRISES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO67/
2005)<P>
RISK MANAGEMENT
GUIDELINES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT(MINISTRY OF
FINANCE REGULATION
NO.38/PMK.01/2006)<Q>
ELECTRICITY LAW(GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA LAW NO. 15 / 1985)
<A>
MODIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION
NO 10/1989 SUBJECT, SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY(GOVERNMENT REGULATION
NO.3/2005)<B>
LEGALIZATION OF MODIFIED PLN ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY GENERAL PLAN/ RUPTL 2006-2015
(MEMR DECREE NO. 2923K/30/MEM/2006)
<I>
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO.5/2006)
<D>
COAL FIRED POWER PLANT
CRASH PROGRAM
RENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM SCALE
CRITICAL AREAPOWER PURCHASE AND TRANSMISSION RENTAL
SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION OF BIOFUEL AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL
(PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO.1/2006)<G>
LIQUEFIED COAL’S SUPPLY AND ITS UTILIZATION
(PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO.2/2006)<H>
ASSIGNMENT TO PLN FOR ACCELERATION OF COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS DEVELOPMENT
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 71/2006)<E>
ESTABLISHMENT OF COORDINATION TEAM FOR POWER PLANTS DEVELOPMENT.
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO,72/2006)<F>
MEDIUM SCALE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
POWER PLANT(MEMR REGULATION
NO. 002/2006)<O>
PROCEDURE OF POWER PURCHASE AND/OR
TRANSMISSION RENTAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
FOR PUBLIC(MEMR REGULATION
NO.001/2006)<J>
GUIDELINES OF THE ISSUANCE OF
ELECTRICITY BUSINESS LICENSE FOR
TRANSMISSION TRANSPROVINCE OR
CONNECTED TO NATIONAL GRID
(MEMR REGULATION NO. 010/2005)
<L>
LIST OF POWER SYSTEMS (AREAS)
IN CRITICAL CONDITION
(EMERGENCY CONDITION)
(MEMR REGULATION NO. 206-12/40/600.2/
2006)<M>
LIST OF POWER SYSTEMS (AREAS)
IN CRITICAL CONDITION
(EMERGENCY CONDITION)
(MEMR REGULATION NO. 482-12/40/600.2/
2006)<N>
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY
GENERAL PLAN 2006-2026
( MEMR DECREE NO. 2270K/31/MEM/2006)
<C>
RENEWABLE ENERGY
· SUPPLY AND DEMAND BALANCE
· INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT
· PROJECT LIST
INFLUENCED BY
ARTICLE 5POINT 1
ARTICLE 2POINT 2
DERIVATION
ARTICLE 5POINT 1&2
POJECT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
TO OBTAIN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT/ GUARANTEE
CONSIDERING
Bahan Bakar Nabati(Biofuel) 5%
Panas Bumi 5%
Biomasa, Nuklir, Air,Surya, Angin 5%
Batubara yangDicairkan (CoalLiquefaction) 2%
Batubara 33%
Minyak Bumi 20%
Others 17%
Gas Bumi 30%
PRIMARY ENERGY MIX 2005
National Energy Mix Target 2025
(PERPRES NO. 5/2006)
• Enhancing energy security & mitigating CO2 emissions: to secure strategic reserve, to improve efficiency in energy production & use, to increase reliance on non fossil fuels and to sustain the domestic supply of oil/gas (slower growth in fossil fuel-demand in oil/gas imports and in emissions).
• Proposed energy technology use, diffusion and deployment, increasing clean energy technologies.
• Energy infrastructures and its time frame.• Etc.
THE NATIONAL ENERGY ISSUES
What is the Sustainable Road Map?
NATIONAL ENERGY TRAJECTORY
Minyak Bumi
51.66%
Batubara15.34%
Gas Bumi28.57%
Tenaga Air3.11%
Panas Bumi1.32%
≤
≥
≥
≥
≥
≥
≥
≥
t2?
t1?
t3?
t25EBT +
Presidential Rule No. 5/2006
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
2010-2014National Mid-Term Development Plan
(NMDPT)
Strategic Nat. Res & Env. Assessment (SNREA)for 2010-2014 NMTDP
INPUT DOCSBRIDGING DOCS
Integrating Climate Change to National Development Planning Process
National Communication, National SectorStrategy, etc.
ClimateChangeProgram
MID TERMDEVELOPMENT
PLAN2004-2009
GOV WORKPLAN2008
FUNDING
GOVFUNDING
MID TERMDEVELOPMENT PLAN
2010-2014
GOV WORKPLAN2014
GOV WORKPLAN2013
GOV WORKPLAN2012
GOV WORKPLAN2011
GOV WORKPLAN2010
GOV WORKPLAN2009
LOAN GRANTCOMM/
PRIVATE/NGO/CSR
CDM DEBTSWAP
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCYBAPPENAS
“NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE”
INTERNATIONAL WORLD
IMPLEMENTATION
1. Agriculture2. Coastal and Small Island3. Health4. Transportation5. Public Works6. Human Settlements7. Energy and Mining8. Forestry9. Environmental10. Technology11. Rehabilitation & Revilitation Peat
Land12. Mainstreaming Decentralized
Disaster Risk Reduction
INDONESIA
CLIMATE CHANGE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
LIVING DOCUMENT
“NATIONAL ACTION PLAN IN FACING CLIMATE
CHANGE”MINISTRY OF ENVIROMENT
“The Strategy of Carbon Absorption Potential
Improvement and Strategy of Carbon Emission
Reduction”MINISTRY OF SOCIAL
WELFARE
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
What is national development plan? Process to make development plans consist of long-term
development plan, medium-term development plan and annual development plan which will be implemented by state institutions, private sector and community in all level of regions
Current regulations applied for development planning: Law No. 25/2004 about Development Planning Presidential Regulation No. 7/2005 about Medium-term
National Development Planning 2004-2009
Other national development plan policy relates to Climate Change:
Millennium Development Goals (do not have legal status)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Environmental Policies are aimed to:
1. To mainstreaming sustainable development principles into alldevelopment aspects;
2. Improve coordination among environmental institutions in nantional and local level;
3. Increase the law enforcement effort to the poluters;
4. Increase the capacity of environmental institutions in national and local level;
5. Improve the awareness of community on environmental issues and support community active participation to monitor environmental quality;
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Among 15 environmental policy objectives, 3 objectives
(No.5-7) are related to climate change issues:1.Improve urban air quality especially in Jakarta,
Surabaya,Bandung, and Medan, supported by improvement of environmentally sound of transportation system and management;
2.Reduction of ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances) gradually until 2010;
3.Improve national capacity in adapting climate change issues into development aspects;
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Target 9 : Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources
Target 10 : Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe dringking water and basic sanitation
Target 11 : By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
To integrate the agenda of climate change adaptation to the National Development Strategy such as: Mid-Term & Long-Term Development Plan;
To re-observe and re-adjust initiative or program to be resilience to the climate change;
To Institutionalize the climate information usage to enable climate risk mitigation and management;
To encourage local government to integrate the climate risk consideration into their local development planning;
To strengthen information and knowledge to reduce climate risk in recent and in the future;
To ascertained of the availability of internal resources and funding for adaptation program and maximalize the utilization of available international funding;
To choose for no-regret option, which is taking the adaptation act regardless for example the non-occurence of climate change;
To encourage the establishment of national dialog to accelerate the implementation process of climate change adaptation agenda in Indonesia.
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & RoleMITIGATION ADAPTATION
1. Toward Green Indonesia (MIH) & Aforestation (National forest and land rehabilitation)
2. Water Conservation (Watershed Management, Well Absorption, Reservoir)
3. Forest Fire Master Plan Poverty Derivation Education for Farmer (for not doing land clearing by land burning such as: government will supply fertilizer and contribute good quality seed)
4. Flood Management5. Reconstruction/redesign of
irrigation Agriculture6. Encouraging CDM Project increase
by sectoral approach7. Mixed Energy Policies 8. Free tax for clean technology
equipments9. Energy Efficiency in the government
buildings10.Air Pollution Control for
Transportation11.Self Sufficient Energy Village
Program
1. Encourage MGA (Meteorological and Geophysical Agency) to have station monitoring for weather forecast More Accurate and Realistic Number
2. Identify the vulnerable sectors affected by climate change.
3. Public Participation.4. Mainstreaming Adaptation
Issue into related policies sector; for reviewing the 5--years Strategy Programme.
5. Draft National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
The immediate objective: to enable Indonesia to identify national technology needs, capacity building to asses international technology
availability, and modalities to acquire and absorb the appropriate technology.
Sectors in Existing Indonesian TNA Energy Sector
Energy Industry Industry Sector Household and Commercial Sector Transportation sector
Non-Energy Sector Agriculture and Livestock Forestry
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
MODALITIES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Institutional Establishment Regulation Development
▪ Procedure of Transferring Technology ▪ The Role of Decentralization ▪ System & Procedure Establishment
Financial Arrangement Foreign Direct Investment Official Development Assistance The Global Environmental Facility Clean Development Mechanism Multilateral & Bilateral Agencies Regional Development Banks Etc.
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Criteria for prioritizing technology needs Utilization of local resources Rational utilization of resources Socio-economic important GHG reduction potential Investment cost Social acceptance Minimum impact on environment
Methods for prioritization of technology needs Cost–benefit and risk–benefit analyses
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Indonesia listed barriers and measures sector-wise. Types of barriers to technology transfer identified are: Economic / market Information/awareness Policy Regulatory Institutional Human Technical Infrastructure
Indonesia expressed concern about the high investment costs of selected mitigation options, which could translate into higher product prices and loss of competitiveness in the case of the energy sector. However, it identified barriers only in the transport, forestry and agriculture sectors.
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
High Efficiency Power Generation: Clean Coal Technology, CHP Technology, etc.
Energy Efficiency in Industrial sector (cement, iron & steel, pulp & paper, fertilizer, textile, mining, lime calcination, chemical, etc.)
Energy Efficiency in Industrial Equipments (Industrial process, electrical motor, boiler, compressor, furnace, Refrigeration, heater, room conditioning, cooling tower, electrical system, combustion, pump, lighting, steam distribution, waste heat recovery, etc.
Energy consumption efficiency in transportation including using gas for vehicles including improvement of public transportation
Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS) Cleaner Production Technology for Industry Renewable Energy: Biomass, Wind, Solar, Ocean, Geothermal,
Hydro electric, etc. Climate modification technology Climate monitoring & reporting system
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Avoiding forest burning, avoiding deforestation, forest conservation and reforestation, etc.
Composting of agricultural waste, manure management, etc. Landfill management to avoid methane release Ocean Sequestration Technology for water resources management Industrial waste water treatment Industrial solid waste treatment (recovery, composting of
palm free fruit bunch.
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
53
Indonesia is already responding to this challenge in anticipation of the future consequences.
In 2007 and 2008, central government spending on environmental programs over 2006 levels to 6 trilion rupiah was doubled.
At the regional level, we have also nearly doubled spending to 6 trillion Rupiah on reforestration and special funds for environment and conservation.
Together, these funds amount to USD 1.4 billion spent on environment management, conservation and forest restoration.
In 2005, Indonesia also instituted a large increase in fuel prices by reducing subsidies that will encourage energy efficiency , while protecting the poor.
54
Indonesia (RPJP, RPJM,
RKP)
Donor(Country Strategy/
Program)
Climate Change
Joint Programs
The support of developed countries on Climate Change Program all over the world should be in addition to their commitment to support MDG’s achievement through ODA(0.7 % GNP)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Bilateral
JBIC
DFIDAusAIDDANIDANetherlandsECGTZNorwayCIDASweden
MultilateralWolrd BankADBUNDP
O t h e r sInt’l trust funds: GEF, Adaptation funds, CIFPrivate Sectors
F i n a n c i n g
BilateralMultilateral
CDM
M e c h a n i s m s
LoanGrant
G-to-G
Trust teeManagement
GoI hostTA & financial & management support
CC Trust Fund
Mitigation & Adaptation
Public-private partnership
Policy Re-orientation
Climate-Proof Economy
Awareness raising
Community-Based Programs
Capacity Building
Training/Workshops
Piloting
Small-scale Investment
Policy Implementation
Execution of Policy/Strategy
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
UNFCCC Convention Article 11: grant and/or concession… Prefer to have ODA+
Paris Declaration ownership, donor harmonisation, governance,…
In line with national interest and financing regulation: Long-term and Mid-term National Development Goals State Law No. 17/2003 about State Finance and Foreign Loan
and Grant Regulation (Government Regulation No.2/2007)
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Non-UNFCCC mechanism: Grant from Bilateral Countries or Multilateral
Institutions (ODA and ODA+) Foreign Loan (ODA and ODA+):
▪ Program Loan: only for budget/fiscal deficit▪ Sectoral Loan: emphasizing co-benefit approach
between development and climate change▪ Trust Fund (both International and national)
UNFCCC mechanism: Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) Adaptation Fund (AF) Up-coming Reduction Emission from Deforestation and
Degradation (REDD) mechanism
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
CDM investment through Bilateral, Multilateral and Unilateral sources
PRIVATE SECTOR: We should also look to encourage greater
levels of private sector involvement in mitigating and adapting strategies. Government can use fiscal instrument to encourage private sector to invest in environmental friendly technology
59
Grant Debt swapTrust Fund Soft Loan - concession
60
Steering Committee/Ministers
Program Steering Committee
Chair: GoICo-chair: Representative of Donor
Ministries/Agencies/Local Governments/
SOEs
SubGroup/Issue
SubGroup/Issue
SubGroup/Issue:
ClimateChange
Multi DonorTrust Fund
(MOU GOI-Donors)
Bilateral/Multilateral
Donors
Program Dialogue
Policy Report Funding
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Indonesia Energy Projection
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Gas
Coal
WindWindTherma
l
Other
Oil
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
GasCoalOilWindWind
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
Presidential Decreed No. 1 / 2006Regarding
Supply & Usage of Bio Fuel as Alternative Energy
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role
4 – Indonesia Position & Role4 – Indonesia Position & Role