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Ultra Shallow Floor Beams - Macsteel Service Centres SA, · PDF file ·...
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Contents
01 Introduction
02 What is a USFB?
03 Floor Depths & Degree of
Symmetry
04 Span Range / Span-to-Depth
Ratio
05 Deflection & Pre-cambers
06 Services Through USFBs
07 Fire & Corrosion Protection
08 Design Software
09 How To Specify USFBs
10 Practical Details
11 Practical Detailscontinued
12 Macsteel Technical Support
contact us
13 USFB Design Enquiry Form
MASTEEL TRADING MACSTEEL Trading entered into an agreement with Europe’s leading supplier, inventor and patent holder of cellular
beams, ASDWestok (Pty) Ltd. The licence agreement allows Macsteel to manufacture and distribute cellular
beams throughout Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands. Macsteel Trading has recently acquired an additional licence to
manufacture and distribute Ultra Shallow Floor Beams.
Macsteel Trading has an extensive branch network in Southern Africa. It provides economies of scale and exceptional
service levels to the mild steel, special steel, pipes and fittings, fluid control, and value added markets.
Macsteel Trading is committed to the highest quality service and workmanship.
Cellular Beams
Cellular beams have proved to be one of the most significant developments in steel construction since their introduction
in 1987. They have been used in over 6000 projects in over twenty countries. Cellular beams can be used in a variety of
applications. Their primary use is as secondary floor beams to achieve long spans and service integration. They are used
as roof beams beyond the range of portal-frame construction, and are the perfect solution for curved roof applications,
combining weight savings with a low-cost manufacturing process. Cellular beams provide a very economical method of
producing tapered members, which have been used extensively in sports stadiums. They can also be used as gable
columns and wind-posts.
Ultra Shallow Floor Beams
The USFB (Ultra Shallow Floor Beam) is a new generation of beam, which massively extends the existing range of steel
options available for the flat slab market. USFBs can be shallower, making them ideal for projects in the Residential,
Health, and Education sectors in particular. This guide explains the principle of USFB design and suggests details for
typical applications. Macsteel Engineers are available to support the professional design teams in developing the
structural scheme, and to assist the fabricator in finalising the details for the USFB.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
01
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A USFBTM? USFB stands for ‘Ultra Shallow Floor Beam’. This is a new steel beam which considerably extends the existing
range of steel options available for the flat slab market. USFBs
are designed to meet the client’s required floor depth and are
manufactured in as little as 1mm increments. USFBs as shallow
as 160mm have been used in the UK.
The USFB is formed by welding two highly asymmetric
Cellular Tees along the web (Fig. 1). The deck or slab sits on
the wide bottom flange, producing a very shallow overall
construction zone.
USFB has numerous regularly spaced cells in
the web to permit the passage of reinforcement tie bars
(Fig. 2). The cells and/or elongated web openings can also
be used for the passage of services should this be required.
All standard floor construction systems can be combined
with the USFB to produce the minimum depth floor for a
given span. The biggest advantages are gained by integrating
the USFB into either pre-cast or metal deck construction.
WHAT IS A USFBTM?
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
02
Fig. 1 Two highly asymmetrical Cellular Tees are welded along the web
Fig. 2 Regularly spaced cells permit the passage of reinforcement tie bars
FLOOR DEPTHS There is no ‘standard’ USFB. The most important single
benefit to the Client and Engineer is that they can first decide
the precise required floor depth and then use the USFB
AutoMate software to design the optimum USFB to suit
that exact depth.
It is likely that the Client will have different depth
requirements in different areas of the building. The USFB
can easily cope with this, as it can be designed and
manufactured in as little as 1mm increments.
In the UK, USFBs as shallow as 160mm have been
designed. Such shallow members allow the use of most
widely available decking profiles, which sit within the
depth of the USFB.
FLOOR DEPTHS & DEGREE OF ASYMMETRY
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
03
Fig. 3 Minimum clearance for pre-cast units
Again, there is no ‘standard’ asymmetry. It has become
accepted practice in the industry to provide designs with
the bottom flange clearance a minimum of 75mm* from
the top flange for the pre-cast units, and 50mm for insitu
metal decks – see Fig. 3.
USFB AutoMate will design whatever degree of
asymmetry is input by the Engineer.
DEGREE OF ASYMMETRY
* Pre-cast (PC) units can have a minimum end bearing of 50mm (using the close bearing detail as specified by the PC unit manufacturers
SPAN RANGE The span range of the USFB extends beyond that previously
associated with this type of construction. The USFB is
totally bespoke. A top tee cut from any Universal Beam (UB)
or Universal Column (UC) can be married with any bottom
tee generally from a UC. In the UK spans of up to 12 metres
have been achieved.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
04
George IV Bridge, Edinburgh (UK) – Eight floors of hotel & retail space with floor depths as shallow as 160mm
The USFB is designed to the Engineer’s and Client’s
specifications. Therefore, the span-to-depth ratio is not
fixed or even typical.
Once the Engineer inputs the layout, loading and the
exact depth or maximum depth required, USFB
Automate will design the optimum beam without those
parameters.
SPAN-TO-DEPTH RATIO
SPAN RANGE & SPAN-TO-DEPTH RATIO
DEFLECTION & PRE-CAMBERS As with traditional Cellular Beams, pre-cambers in the USFBs can be specified at no additional cost. The component
tees of the USFB can be easily set to the required pre-camber before they are welded together – see Fig. 4.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
05
George IV Bridge, Edinburgh (UK) – Eight floors of hotel & retail space with floor depths as shallow as 160mm
DEFLECTION & PRE-CAMBERS
Fig 4 : USFB pre-camber set up in the assembly jig prior to rewelding. Cambers are free of charge
Phoenix Medical Centre, Newbury (UK) – 9.2m span USFBs, carrying pre-cast units and cambered 27mm
SERVICES THROUGH USFBs Whilst the cells in a USFB are predominantly used for rebar
to tie the slab together, there is an obvious ability to pass small
services and ducts within the depth of the steel beam.
This further reduces the overall depth of floor construction.
Web openings can be circular or elongated (see Fig. 5), which
considerably increases the size of ducts that can be
accommodated. Elongations may also be supplied to suit
irregular rebar layout requirements. These can be discussed
with Macsteel Engineers to establish optimum locations.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
06
SERVICES THROUGH USFBs
Fig 5 : Elongated openings required for irregular layout of rebar
FIRE & CORROSION PROTECTION Fire protection to meet the required resistance
period should be provided to the bottom flange.
For normal internal conditions, it is accepted
good practice that sections to be encased in
concrete are left unpainted (except the soffit
and the edges of the bottom flange, as they
remain exposed) to maximize the bond between
steel and cast concrete.
Sections to be uncased and the edge conditions
should be considered in relation to the environ-
mental conditions pertaining to the project.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
07
FIRE & CORROSION PROTECTION
Right: Watersmeeting Medical Centre, Bolton – USFBs ranging from 280mm to 325mm in depth. The bottom flange only was fire protected with on-site intumescent
DESIGN SOFTWARE All design programs are written and maintained by the Steel Construction Institute in the UK on behalf of ASD Westok.
The testing of the outputs from all the programs is now more rigorous than ever before and subject to far higher
standards of quality management than previously applied. The new suite of software includes:
Cellbeam Automate v7.0
An updated and improved version of Cellbeam featuring an Add-to-Table functionality, updated range of deck profiles
and many interface improvements including a new link to the CellVibe software.
USFB Automate v1.0
Ultra Shallow Floor Beams (USFBs) facilitate extremely shallow floor construction and can now be designed with ease
using this new software, featuring an Automate facility. By selecting the Automate option the user can obtain weight-
optimized USFB designs, based on minimum or fixed construction depth. Analysis are carried out at the construction
and normal stages, with slab options including composite metal decking, in-situ concrete and pre-cast (PC) units.
The interface, which is based on the Cellbeam model, also includes a direct link to the CellVibe software.
CellVibe v1.0
In 2007 the SCI (UK) produced publication P354 ‘Design of Floors for Vibration: A New Approach’. A feature of this
publication was the ‘simplified method’ for the evaluation of the dynamic response of regular grid floors. The new
CellVibe software utilizes the P354 simplified method to provide an easy-to-use and rapid evaluation of the dynamic
response of floors. Suitable for up to 6x6 bay rectilinear grid arrangements, CellVibe includes provision for metal deck,
in-situ concrete and PC unit slabs. CellVibe also allows data to be imported from Cellbeam and USFB software.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
08
DESIGN SOFTWARE
Please note that the design
software is available free of
charge. Please contact us to
request a copy
HOW TO SPECIFY USFBs It is helpful to the tendering steelwork contractor / fabricator, and ultimately to the steel detailers, if USFBs are noted in
a consistent manner. Several approaches are possible, but the notation and the detailed tabular specification given below
are the most commonly used.
USFB Notation: Example:
USFB depth: 250mm
Top tee: 203 x 203 x 52 kg/m UC
Bottom tee: 305 x 305 x 97 kg/m UC
USFB 250 x 203/305 x 74.5 kg/m
a : 250mm overall depth of USFB
b : 203mm nominal top tee flange width
c : 305mm nominal bottom tee width
d : 74.5 kg/m USFB mass
Tabular Specification:
Cell Data Mark
Section
Reference Material
Mass
(kg/m) Steel Grade
Tee Depths*
(mm) Diam (mm) Pitch (mm)
USFB 1 250x203/305x74.5 Top: 203x203x52
Bot: 305x305x97 74.5
S355
S355
100
150 75 150
* It is very common that the tees are asymmetric in depth as well as flange width
Tee depths can be specified to Macsteel by the Engineer from the outset should they be relevant, e.g. for
particular services to run through. The USFB AutoMate software can print out beam elevations showing the
cell arrangement, infilled cells, tee depths, etc.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
09
HOW TO SPECIFY USFBs
a b c d
PRACTICAL DETAILS There is a wealth of available data on best practice details
for very shallow combined steel/concrete floor construction.
These details can also be used for USFBs.
The options shown below are therefore merely indications
only of typical construction details that may be adopted for
USFBs. The Consulting Engineer should satisfy himself that
they meet the requirements for the codes applicable to a
particular project.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
10
PRACTICAL DETAILS
Compatible Floor Systems
All standard floor construction systems can be combined
with USFB to produce the minimum depth floor for a
given span.
• Pre-cast hollow core units
• Pre-cast solid planks
• Metal deck (re-entrant, trapezoidal or deep deck)
• Timber joints
The greatest advantages are likely to be gained by integrating
the USFB into either pre-cast or metal deck construction. The
Consulting Engineer should satisfy himself that any floor
system adopted is suitable for the intended purpose.
In order to provide a suitable bearing for the floor system
on the bottom flange, the following minimum outstand for
the lower flange is recommended in line with existing good
practice and proprietary slab manufacturers guidance.
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
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PRACTICAL DETAILS Continued
• Pre-cast hollow core and pre-cast plank = 75mm*
bearing
• Metal deck = 50mm bearing
• Timber joints = 50mm bearing
(NB: Please consult manufactures for specifications)
Edge cantilevers are easily and efficiently achieved by
passing rebar through the cells in the USFB. For
external conditions suitable cold bridging details
should be used.
* PC Units can have a minimum end bearing of 50mm (using the close bearing detail as specified by the PC unit manufacturers)
OFFICE BASED DESIGN SERVICE Macsteel Trading has an office based design service to provide free advice and design assistance. To help optimize the
design of specific projects and assist engineers to gain familiarity and expertise in cellular beam and ultra shallow floor
beam (USFB) design, Macsteel Trading engineers will attend project design meetings.
TECHNICAL SEMINARS In house technical seminars can be arranged to promote the efficient design of cellular beams and USFBs, and
proficiency with the associated software. Design courses are also held on an annual basis to provide a step by step
approach to designing cellular beam and USFBs using our software.
CONTACT US
Design, Technical Assistance and Quotations
PAOLO TRINCHERO National Steel Product Director
Cnr Simon Bekker and Crompton Roads, Germiston South PO Box 7729, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
Tel: (011) 871 4600 Fax: (011) 871 4667
Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
TEBOGO RAALEKA Structural Engineer
Cnr Simon Bekker and Crompton Roads, Germiston South PO Box 7729, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
Tel: (011) 871 4600 Fax: (011) 871 4667
Email: [email protected]
Fabrication and Quotations
GEORGE NIEUWOUDT Manager: Production / Value Added Services
Cnr Simon Bekker and Crompton Roads, Germiston South PO Box 7729, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
Tel: (011) 871 4660 Fax: (011) 871 4654
Email: [email protected]
ULTRA SHALLOW FLOOR BEAM DESIGN GUIDE
12
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
USFB Design Enquiry Form CONTACT DETAILS Company : Name : Address : Email : Tel : Fax : PROJECT DETAILS Project Title : Beam Ref :
LAYOUT Span : m NOTES / ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Distance to adjacent beam LHS : m
Distance to adjacent beam LHS : m
INSITU CONCRETE Slab : mm Top Mesh :
Deck Type : Thickness : Grade : MPa Weight : (tick) Normal : Lightweight :
PC UNITS Thickness : mm Mass : kN/m2 Structural Topping Thickness: mm Mass : kN/m2
LAODING Live (unfactored) : kN/m2
Partitions (unfactored) : kN/m2 Services & Finishes (unfactored) : kN/m2 Other (unfactored) : kN/m2
LIMITS EITHER Maximum Depth D 1 : mm OR Maximum Depth D 2 : mm * Bearing Dimension X : mm Minimum Natural Frequency : Hz ** Live Load Deflection : mm
13
TM
Note: Exclude self-weight of deck & slab
Leave blank if no limit
Leave blank if no limit
Leave blank if no limit
* Unless otherwise
instructed we will assume min.
75mm Precast, or min. 50mm Insitu
** DEFLECTION DUE TO DEAD LOAD SHOULD NOT
BE A CRITICAL FACTOR, AS USFBs CAN BE PRE-
CAMBERED AT NO EXTRA COST PHOTOCOPY THIS FORM & FAX YOUR ENQUIRY TO US: FAX (011) 871 4666
D1 D2
X
THIS FORM IS PROVIDED AS A TEMPLATE PLEASE PHOTOCOPY & FAX BACK
CELLULAR BEAM - PAST PROJECTS
AWARDS AND COMMENDATIONS 2007 : SAISC SPECIAL COMMENDATION
2008 : SAISC OVERALL WINNER – MAPONYA MALL
2009 : SAISC ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES – GOTTLIEB GROUP
CONTACT US
MACSTEEL TRADING (PTY) LTD
Cnr Simon Bekker and Crompton Roads, Germiston South
PO Box 7729, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa Tel: (011) 871 4600 Fax: (011) 871 4667
Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
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