Ultra Pure Evaporated Salt Ultra Pure Evaporated Salt For Membrane ChlorFor Membrane Chlor--Alkali Alkali

PlantsPlantsLawrence F. “Bec” Becnel, PELawrence F. “Bec” Becnel, PE

United Brine Services Co, LLCUnited Brine Services Co, LLC

SALT SUPPLY ALTERNATIVESSALT SUPPLY ALTERNATIVES

•• Close Couple Membrane Plant With Diaphragm Close Couple Membrane Plant With Diaphragm Plant Plant

•• Recycle Diluted, Neutralized, Low Chlorate Recycle Diluted, Neutralized, Low Chlorate Depleted Brine To The Salt Cavern Or SourceDepleted Brine To The Salt Cavern Or Source

•• Purchase CP, Rock, Or Solar Salt For Saturating Purchase CP, Rock, Or Solar Salt For Saturating Depleted BrineDepleted Brine

•• Purchase Pure Evaporated Salt Purchase Pure Evaporated Salt •• Close Couple A Brine Evaporator PlantClose Couple A Brine Evaporator Plant

WATER IS PUMPED INTO BRINE WELLS WATER IS PUMPED INTO BRINE WELLS ON THE BARBERS HILL SALT DOMEON THE BARBERS HILL SALT DOME

SATURATED BRINE PRODUCED FROM SATURATED BRINE PRODUCED FROM THE WELLS DISCHARGES INTO A LINED THE WELLS DISCHARGES INTO A LINED

BRINE PITBRINE PIT

RAW BRINE IS PUMPED TO THE PRIMARY BRINE RAW BRINE IS PUMPED TO THE PRIMARY BRINE TREATMENT PLANT FOR PRECIPITATION OF TREATMENT PLANT FOR PRECIPITATION OF

CALCIUM CARBONATE AND MAGNESIUM CALCIUM CARBONATE AND MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDEHYDROXIDE

FOLLOWING PRECIPITATION, FOLLOWING PRECIPITATION, SUSPENDED SOLIDS ARE REMOVED SUSPENDED SOLIDS ARE REMOVED

USING TUBULAR FILTERSUSING TUBULAR FILTERS

PRIMARY TREATED BRINE IS PUMPED PRIMARY TREATED BRINE IS PUMPED THROUGH AN INTERNALLY COATED THROUGH AN INTERNALLY COATED

STEEL PIPELINE TO THE EVAPORATION STEEL PIPELINE TO THE EVAPORATION FACILITYFACILITY

THE EVAPORATOR IS THE LARGEST MVR THE EVAPORATOR IS THE LARGEST MVR SODIUM CHLORIDE PRODUCTION UNIT SODIUM CHLORIDE PRODUCTION UNIT

OPERATINGOPERATING

BRINE IS PUMPED THROUGH HEAT BRINE IS PUMPED THROUGH HEAT EXCHANGERS TO PREEXCHANGERS TO PRE--HEAT THE BRINE HEAT THE BRINE

WHILE COOLING HOT CONDENSATEWHILE COOLING HOT CONDENSATE

TWO AXIAL PUMPS CIRCULATE BRINE TWO AXIAL PUMPS CIRCULATE BRINE SLURRY THROUGH VERTICAL, SINGLE PASS SLURRY THROUGH VERTICAL, SINGLE PASS

TUBE HEATERSTUBE HEATERS

THE HEART OF THE EVAPORATION SYSTEM IS THIS ELECTRICALLY POWERED STEAM COMPRESSOR

THE COMPRESSOR IS DRIVEN BY A THE COMPRESSOR IS DRIVEN BY A 13,800 V, 15,500 HP SYNCHRONOUS 13,800 V, 15,500 HP SYNCHRONOUS

MOTORMOTOR

THE STEAM COMPRESSOR USED IS THE THE STEAM COMPRESSOR USED IS THE LARGEST PROVEN UNIT AVAILABLE FOR LARGEST PROVEN UNIT AVAILABLE FOR

SALT PRODUCTION VIA MVR.SALT PRODUCTION VIA MVR.

SALT CRYSTALS ARE RECOVERED AND WASHED SALT CRYSTALS ARE RECOVERED AND WASHED WITH AN ELUTRIATING COLUMN AND A BANK OF WITH AN ELUTRIATING COLUMN AND A BANK OF

TWO STAGE PUSHER TYPE CENTRIFUGESTWO STAGE PUSHER TYPE CENTRIFUGES

TREATED BRINE & EVAPORATED SALT TREATED BRINE & EVAPORATED SALT TYPICAL ANALYSESTYPICAL ANALYSES

Component Primary Treated Evaporator Centrifuge Salt CakeFeed Brine to Resaturation

Na2SO4 1400 PPM < 50 PPMSiO2 6 PPM ~ 200 PPB

Aluminum 1.7 PPM 2 PPBBarium 2.5 PPM < 10 PPBBoron 55 PPM 51 PBDLPB

Calcium 1 to 5 PPM 1 to 5 PPMChromium < 10 PPB < 10 PPB

Copper < 10 PPB BDLIron < 10 PPB < 10 PPB

Magnesium 253 PPB 42 PPBNickel < 6 PPB < 6 PPB

Strontium 13 PPB 9 PPBTitanium < 10 PPB 1 PPBBromine 20 - 30 PPM 20 - 30 PPM

Iodine 60 PPB 1 to 15 PPB

ADVANTAGES OF PURE SALTADVANTAGES OF PURE SALT

•• Improved Current EfficiencyImproved Current Efficiency

•• Longer Membrane LifeLonger Membrane Life

•• Reduced Cell MaintenanceReduced Cell Maintenance

•• Improved Operating UtilityImproved Operating Utility

•• Bromine & Iodine ControlBromine & Iodine Control

ADVANTAGES OF PURE SALT (CON’T)ADVANTAGES OF PURE SALT (CON’T)

•• Reduced Sulfate Control CostsReduced Sulfate Control Costs

•• Silica ControlSilica Control

•• Reduced Regeneration FrequencyReduced Regeneration Frequency

•• Increased Ion Exchange (IX) Resin LifeIncreased Ion Exchange (IX) Resin Life

•• Excellent Pure Water SourceExcellent Pure Water Source

ULTRA PURE SALT PROCESSULTRA PURE SALT PROCESS

•• Reduces Reduces AllAll Salt ContaminantsSalt Contaminants

•• Reduces Sodium Sulfate And Sodium Reduces Sodium Sulfate And Sodium Carbonate ContaminationCarbonate Contamination

TREATED BRINE & ULTRA PURE TREATED BRINE & ULTRA PURE EVAPORATED SALT TYPICAL ANALYSESEVAPORATED SALT TYPICAL ANALYSES

Component Primary Treated Ultra Pure Salt CakeEvaporated Feed Brine to Resaturation

Na2SO4 1400 PPM < 50 PPMSiO2 6 PPM ~ 200 PPB

Aluminum 1.7 PPM 2 PPBBarium 2.5 PPM < 10 PPBBoron 55 PPM 51 PPB

Calcium 1 to 5 PPM ~ 35 ppbChromium < 10 PPB < 10 PPB

Copper < 10 PPB BDLIron < 10 PPB < 10 PPB

Magnesium 253 PPB <10 ppbNickel < 6 PPB < 6 PPB

Strontium 13 PPB < 10 PPBTitanium < 10 PPB 1 PPBBromine 20 - 30 PPM 20 - 30 PPMIodine 65 ppb 1 to 15 ppb

ADDED ADVANTAGES OF ULTRA ADDED ADVANTAGES OF ULTRA PURE SALTPURE SALT

•• Significantly Reduces Brine IX Resin Significantly Reduces Brine IX Resin Regeneration FrequencyRegeneration Frequency

•• Extends Membrane LifeExtends Membrane Life•• Increases IX Resin LifeIncreases IX Resin Life•• Reduced Chemical And Energy Reduced Chemical And Energy

ConsumptionConsumption

Why Not ReWhy Not Re--saturate Recycle, saturate Recycle, Chlorine Containing, Acidic Depleted Chlorine Containing, Acidic Depleted

Brine Directly With Ultra Pure Salt Brine Directly With Ultra Pure Salt Containing Low PPB Divalent Metals Containing Low PPB Divalent Metals

And Eliminate Ion Exchange?And Eliminate Ion Exchange?

CONCLUSION

Ultra Pure Evaporated Salt May Be An Ultra Pure Evaporated Salt May Be An Advantaged Source Of Salt For A Large Advantaged Source Of Salt For A Large Membrane Plant or For Freight Logical Membrane Plant or For Freight Logical Multiple Membrane Plants.Multiple Membrane Plants.